Abstract P152: Clinical Utility Of Visceral Adipose Tissue Volume In Identification Of Middle Age Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasenjeet N Motghare ◽  
Christina Shay ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon ◽  
David R R Jacobs ◽  
Cora E. E Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Women ◽  
White Men ◽  
True Positive ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: Higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is associated with greater risk for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although VAT volume and prevalence of T2D vary by sex and race, differences in VAT volumes that are associated with the identification of individuals with prevalent T2D across these groups has not been fully examined. Objective: Our goal was to determine VAT volume cut points that maximize true positive, true negative, and optimal identification of individuals with T2D according to sex and race. Methods: Data were examined from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-center longitudinal study of the development of cardiovascular risk in black and white men and women ages 18-30 years at baseline. In 2010-2011, the Year 25 exam was performed (43-55 years). VAT (cm 3 ) was quantified by computed tomography based on two 5 mm contiguous slices at the level of the 4 th -5 th lumbar vertebra (n=3,161). T2D was defined based on the presence of fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour post load blood glucose ≥200 mg/dL, HbA1c ≥6.5% and/or diabetes medication use. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify VAT cut points associated with identification of T2D. Results: Prevalence of T2D at the year 25 exam ranged from 8.8% in white women to 17.7% in black men; mean (SD) VAT volume ranged from 113.5 (79.9) cm 3 in white women to 170.2 (80.2) in white men. White men exhibited the highest cut points of VAT volume needed to identify cases of T2D (26-35% higher) and black women exhibited the lowest cut points (4-36% lower) for true positive, true negative, and optimal identification of T2D compared to other race and sex groups (Table 1). Conclusions: Although the utility of VAT volume to identify individuals with T2D is modest [[Unable to Display Character: –]] likely a result of other unaccounted metabolic risk factors [[Unable to Display Character: –]] these cross-sectional findings display race and sex differences in the VAT volume cut points associated with prevalent T2D.

Abstract P387: Race and Sex Differences Exist in the Volumes of Visceral Adipose Tissue Associated With Prevalent Hypertension in Middle Age Adults

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina M Shay ◽  
Prasenjeet N Motghare ◽  
David R Jacobs ◽  
Cora E Lewis ◽  
J. Greg Terry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Black Women ◽  
White Women ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
White Men ◽  
True Positive ◽  
True Negative ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: Higher visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is associated with greater risk for hypertension (HTN). Although VAT volume and prevalence of HTN vary by sex and race, the differences in VAT volumes associated with identification of individuals with prevalent HTN across these groups is unclear. Objective: To determine VAT volume cut points that maximize true positive, true negative and optimal identification of prevalent HTN and to compare the cut points across sex and race groups. Methods: Data were examined from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, a multi-center longitudinal study of the development of cardiovascular risk in black and white men and women ages 18-30 years at baseline. In 2010-11, the Year 25 exam was performed (43-55 years) and VAT volume (cm3) was quantified by computed tomography based on two 5 mm contiguous slices at the level of the 4th-5th lumbar vertebra (n=3,153). HTN was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or anti-hypertension medication use. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify VAT volume cut points associated with true positive, true negative and optimal identification of prevalent HTN. Results: Year 25 prevalence of HTN ranged from 18.2% (white women) to 49.4% (black women); mean VAT volume ranged from 113.5 cm3 (white women) to 172.1 cm3 (white men). White males exhibited the highest VAT volumes (22-36% higher) and black women exhibited the lowest VAT volumes (3-50% lower) associated with true positive, true negative and optimal identification of HTN compared to other race/sex groups (Table 1). VAT volumes associated with HTN among black participants were generally lower than those exhibited for whites. Conclusions: Although the utility of VAT alone to identify HTN cases is modest - likely a result of unaccounted HTN confounders - these findings display the distinct race- and sex-specific differences in VAT volumes associated with prevalent HTN in middle age adults.

Epigenetic Downregulation of FASN in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Insulin Resistant Subjects

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Sievert ◽  
Christin Krause ◽  
Cathleen Geißler ◽  
Martina Grohs ◽  
Alexander T. El-Gammal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Hba1c ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Objective The risk to develop type 2 diabetes increases with the amount of visceral adiposity presumably due to increased lipolysis and subsequent lipid accumulation in visceral organs. However, data describing the molecular regulation of these pathways in humans are rare. We tested if genes of the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways are associated with glucose intolerance independently of obesity in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese subjects. Moreover, we studied DNA methylation of FASN (fatty acid synthase), that catalyses the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids, in VAT of the same subjects and whether it is associated with metabolic traits. Subjects and methods Visceral adipose tissue biopsies and blood samples were taken from 93 severely obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. Subjects were grouped in low HbA1c (L-HbA1c, HbA1c<6.5 %) and high HbA1c (H-HbA1c, HbA1c≥6.5 %) groups and expression of genes from the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways was analysed by TaqMan qPCR. DNA methylation of FASN was quantified by bisulfite-pyrosequencing. Results FASN expression was downregulated in visceral fat from subjects with high HbA1c (p = 0.00009). Expression of other lipogenetic (SCD, ELOVL6) or lipolytic genes (ADRB3, PNPLA2) and FABP4 was not changed. DNA methylation of FASN was increased at a regulatory ChoRE recognition site in the H-HbA1c-subgroup and correlated negatively with FASN mRNA (r = − 0.302, p = 0.0034) and positively with HbA1c (r = 0.296, p = 0.0040) and blood glucose (r = 0.363, p = 0.0005). Conclusions Epigenetic downregulation of FASN in visceral adipose tissue of obese subjects might contribute to limited de novo lipogenesis of important insulin sensitizing fatty acids and could thereby contribute to glucose intolerance and the development of type 2 diabetes independently of obesity.

scholarly journals The human type 2 diabetes-specific visceral adipose tissue proteome and transcriptome in obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Carruthers ◽  
Clarissa Strieder-Barboza ◽  
Joseph A. Caruso ◽  
Carmen G. Flesher ◽  
Nicki A. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Complement Factor ◽  
Endothelial Protein C Receptor ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractDysfunctional visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obesity is associated with type 2 diabetes (DM) but underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our objective in this discovery analysis was to identify genes and proteins regulated by DM to elucidate aberrant cellular metabolic and signaling mediators. We performed label-free proteomics and RNA-sequencing analysis of VAT from female bariatric surgery subjects with DM and without DM (NDM). We quantified 1965 protein groups, 23 proteins, and 372 genes that were differently abundant in DM vs. NDM VAT. Proteins downregulated in DM were related to fatty acid synthesis and mitochondrial function (fatty acid synthase, FASN; dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, E3 component, DLD; succinate dehydrogenase-α, SDHA) while proteins upregulated in DM were associated with innate immunity and transcriptional regulation (vitronectin, VTN; endothelial protein C receptor, EPCR; signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B, STAT5B). Transcriptome indicated defects in innate inflammation, lipid metabolism, and extracellular matrix (ECM) function, and components of complement classical and alternative cascades. The VAT proteome and transcriptome shared 13 biological processes impacted by DM, related to complement activation, cell proliferation and migration, ECM organization, lipid metabolism, and gluconeogenesis. Our data revealed a marked effect of DM in downregulating FASN. We also demonstrate enrichment of complement factor B (CFB), coagulation factor XIII A chain (F13A1), thrombospondin 1 (THBS1), and integrins at mRNA and protein levels, albeit with lower q-values and lack of Western blot or PCR confirmation. Our findings suggest putative mechanisms of VAT dysfunction in DM.

scholarly journals Progression from High Insulin Resistance to Type 2 Diabetes Does Not Entail Additional Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e48155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Barbarroja ◽  
Chary Lopez-Pedrera ◽  
Lourdes Garrido-Sanchez ◽  
Maria Dolores Mayas ◽  
Wilfredo Oliva-Olivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
High Insulin ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Significant role of fat tissue hormones in development of comorbid chronic pancreatitis and obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
T. N. Hristich
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Pancreatic Disease ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Aim is to consider the role of hormones in the adipose tissue of obesity mechanisms of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis. Materials and methods. Literature review indicates the value of visceral fat in the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, including atherogenic one, taking into account the possible infiltration of pancreatic tissue by adipocytes. Participation of some adipocytokines of adipose tissue in the development of obesity in chronic pancreatitis is highlighted. It is shown that in some cases the hormones of visceral adipose tissue, penetrating through the portal vein to the liver and then to the pancreas, aggravated the course of systemic chronic inflammation typical for the inherent chronic pancreatitis, formed steatosis and promoted development of fatty disease of the pancreas. Conclusion. Literary sources show the leading role of visceral adipose tissue and its hormones in the formation of obesity in chronic pancreatitis. Lipoidosis or steatosis develop due to the infiltration of the liver and pancreatic tissue by adipocytes. Upon the progression of the type 2 diabetes, fatty liver or pancreatic disease, or cancer of these organs may develop. Consequently, there is a strong need for a serious differentiated preventive and curative measures aimed at promoting a healthy lifestyle to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis.

scholarly journals Tumor Necrosis-Like Weak Inducer of Apoptosis as a Proinflammatory Cytokine in Human Adipocyte Cells: Up-Regulation in Severe Obesity Is Mediated by Inflammation But Not Hypoxia

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107-1107
Author(s):  
Joan Vendrell ◽  
Elsa Maymó-Masip ◽  
Francisco Tinahones ◽  
Antonio García-España ◽  
Ana Megia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Human Adipocyte ◽  
Severely Obese ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

abstract Context: Adipose tissue hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may link the presence of chronic inflammation and macrophage infiltration in severely obese subjects. We previously reported the up-regulation of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK)/fibroblast growth factor-inducible 14 (Fn14) axis in adipose tissue of severely obese type 2 diabetic subjects. Objectives: The objective of the study was to examine TWEAK and Fn14 adipose tissue expression in obesity, severe obesity, and type 2 diabetes in relation to hypoxia and ER stress. Design: In the obesity study, 19 lean, 28 overweight, and 15 obese nondiabetic subjects were studied. In the severe obesity study, 23 severely obese and 35 control subjects were studied. In the type 2 diabetes study, 11 type 2 diabetic and 36 control subjects were studied. The expression levels of the following genes were analyzed in paired samples of sc and visceral adipose tissue: Fn14, TWEAK, VISFATIN, HYOU1, FIAF, HIF-1a, VEGF, GLUT-1, GRP78, and XBP-1. The effect of hypoxia, inflammation, and ER stress on the expression of TWEAK and Fn14 was examined in human adipocyte and macrophage cell lines. Results: Up-regulation of TWEAK/Fn14 and hypoxia and ER stress surrogate gene expression was observed in sc and visceral adipose tissue only in our severely obese cohort. Hypoxia modulates TWEAK or Fn14 expression in neither adipocytes nor macrophages. On the contrary, inflammation up-regulated TWEAK in macrophages and Fn14 expression in adipocytes. Moreover, TWEAK had a proinflammatory effect in adipocytes mediated by the nuclear factor-κB and ERK but not JNK signaling pathways. Conclusions: Our data suggest that TWEAK acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine in the adipose tissue and that inflammation, but not hypoxia, may be behind its up-regulation in severe obesity.

scholarly journals Sex hormones, obesity and type 2 diabetes: is there a link?

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. R1-R9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Gambineri ◽  
Carla Pelusi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Important Impact ◽  
Visceral Adipose

An imbalance in sex hormones has an important impact on type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mainly through the involvement of visceral adipose tissue. Androgens have an interesting sex-dimorphic association with T2DM, since hyperandrogenism in females and hypogonadism in males are risk factors for T2DM. Thus, treatments aimed at correcting hyperandrogenism in females and hypogonadism in males may prevent the development of T2DM or help in its treatment.

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