Abstract 251: Long-term Outcomes and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Use in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
Background: Many studies of outcomes in peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) are limited by short-term follow-up of 6-12 months. Long-term mortality rates and outcomes are largely unknown. Prior research has also suggested under-utilization of implantable-cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) in this population. Methods: Patients with PPCM at a tertiary care center were retrospectively identified using ICD9 code 674.5x from 2000-2011, and each chart was manually reviewed. Clinical, demographic, and echocardiographic data were reviewed, with follow-up through November 2016. Recovery was defined as ejection fraction (EF) >= 55%. Results: Of 60 patients, 35 were white (58.3%) and 16 were black (26.7%). Mean age at diagnosis was 29.6 years (range 18-44 years) and average follow-up was 5.8 years. Mean EF at time of diagnosis was 20.2 +/- 4%, at 6-months follow-up it was 39.6 +/- 4%, and at final follow-up was 38.7 +/- 3%. Recovery (EF>=55%) occurred in 38%. Of those who did not recover (62%), the final mean EF was 25%. ICD was placed in 19 patients (51%). Only one patient with an ICD later recovered at one year follow-up. LVAD or transplant occurred in 8 patients, and death occurred in 7 patients with a mean survival of 4.4 +/- 1.4 years. Five patients experienced subsequent deterioration in their EF (with a range of 10-35%) in the absence of a subsequent pregnancy, with a mean decrease in EF of 23.2%. Three of these patients had achieved full recovery (EF>=55%) prior to subsequent decline. Conclusions: Patients with PPCM who have initial improvement in EF or even full recovery, can later suffer deterioration, even in the absence of subsequent pregnancy. This finding warrants continued surveillance and raises the question whether lifelong medical therapy may be indicated despite recovery. This study also shows a higher rate of ICD utilization than prior reports.