Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Beta Carotene, and Cognitive Function Among Women With or at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara konsumsi vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zink dan selenium dari makanan dengan fungsi kognitif pada lanjut usia. Metoda penelitian adalah cross sectional study terhadap 145 lansia umur ≥ 60 tahun, pada dua kecamatan di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota Sumatra Barat. Wawancara konsumsi antioksidan menggunakan Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ), fungsi kognitif diperiksa dengan Montreal Cognitive Assesment versi Indonesia (MoCA-Ina), Aβ40 dan Aβ42 plasma diperiksa dengan metode ELISA. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney dan Chi-square. Pada hasil penelitian ditemukan 83 orang (57,2%) lansia yang mengalami gangguan fungsi kognitif. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi vitamin C (p<0,049) dan vitamin E (p<0,037) tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara vitamin A, zink dan selenium dengan fungsi kognitif. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi antioksidan dengan tingkat Aβ40 dan Aβ42 serta antara tingkat Aβ40 dan Aβ42 dengan fungsi kognitif masing-masing (p<0,058 dan p<0,350). Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini didapatkan hubungan antara konsumsi vitamin C dan vitamin E dari makanan dengan fungsi kognitif. Tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan antara konsumsi antioksidan dengan Aβ40 dan Aβ42 plasma dan Aβ40 dan Aβ42 dengan fungsi kognitif.Kata kunci: antioksidan, beta-amyloid, fungsi kognitif, lanjut usiaAbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the relationship between consumption of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc and selenium from foods with cognitive function in elderly. This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted to 145 elderly with age ≥ 60 years, in two districts in West Sumatra, in Lima Puluh Kota city. Interview antioxidant intake using a Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ), cognitive function was checked by Montreal Cognitive Assessment Indonesian version (MoCA-Ina), plasma Aβ40 dan Aβ42 were examined by ELISA while the data were analyzed by using the Mann-Whitney and Chi-square test. Results : Eighty three elderly people (57.2%) were found with impaired cognitive function. There was a significant association between the consumption of vitamin C (p < 0.049) and vitamin E (p < 0.037) but there was no signifikan association between vitamin A, zinc and selenium with cognitive function. There was no significant association between consumption of the antioxidant and both plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 levels. There was no significant between levels of Aβ40 and Aβ42 and cognitive function (p < 0.058 and p < 0.350, respectively).Conclusion : There is a association between the consumption of vitamin C and vitamin E from food and cognitive function, but there is no association between the consumption of the antioxidant and levels of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and between levels of plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 and cognitive function.Keywords: antioxidants, amyloid-beta, cognitive function, elderly

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Vitamin C and vitamin E in pregnant women at risk for pre-eclampsia (VIP trial): randomised placebo-controlled trial.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.30469.370822 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Symonds

Keyword(s):

At Risk ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Controlled Trial

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Interaction among vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/62.6.1322s ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 62 (6) ◽

pp. 1322S-1326S ◽

Cited By ~ 256

Author(s):

E Niki ◽

N Noguchi ◽

H Tsuchihashi ◽

N Gotoh

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Beta Carotene

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Dietary Intake and Plasma Concentrations of Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Beta Carotene in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Journal of the American Dietetic Association ◽

10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00164-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 97 (6) ◽

pp. 655-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

CAROLINE H MANDEL ◽

LORI MOSCA ◽

ELIZABETH MAIMON ◽

JENNIFER SIEVERS ◽

ALAN TSAI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Coronary Artery Disease ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Plasma Concentrations ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Artery Disease

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Vitamin E and Cardiovascular Disease

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1615713 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 85 (05) ◽

pp. 758-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberto Marchioli

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Glutathione Peroxidase ◽

Singlet Oxygen ◽

Beta Carotene ◽

Water Soluble ◽

First Line ◽

Ldl Particles

SummaryInterest in the use of antioxidants for the treatment of human disease, and in the role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of disease development, has been sustained for at least two decades. Several anti-oxidant protective mechanisms exist and constitute a primary defensive system including enzymatic defences (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, which depend on the presence of ions such as selenium, zinc, copper, and manganese) and naturally occurring vita-mins such as vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. The most important natural antioxidants are vitamin E (in the form of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols), beta-carotene, vitamin C and selenium (fundamental constituent of glutathione-peroxidase, i.e., an enzyme with antioxidant function). The first two are lipophilic substances whilst ascorbic acid is hydrophilic. Each antioxidant has a different important mechanism of action since oxidative damage can be caused by lipid- or water-soluble molecules. Lipid-soluble antioxidants are likely to be very important in preventing the peroxidation of low-density lipo-proteins (LDL) and this action could be paramount in the prevention of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, water-soluble antioxidants could be useful where a water-soluble oxidative stress occurs (e.g., inflammation). As lipophilic molecules, vitamin E and beta-carotene are incorporated into the LDL particle. Vitamin E is the main lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in plasma and tissues and converts the peroxyl-free radical to hydroperoxide, a less reactive radical. It acts as a first-line anti-oxidative defence of LDL particles, protecting unsatu-rated fatty acids from peroxidation. Beta-carotene is a carotenoid (precursor of vitamin A, pro-vitamin) that acts as scavenger of oxidising radicals such as singlet oxygen and is a second-line antioxidative defence of LDL cholesterol. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can react with singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and is the first line of antioxi-dative defence in water-soluble compartments. In addition, it plays an important role in regenerating reduced -tocopherol.

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