Abstract P175: Chronic Exercise Attenuates Blood Pressure Elevation and Albuminuria With Improvement of Renal Lipid Metabolism in High Fructose-fed Rats

High fructose diet (HFr) can lead to metabolic disorder, hypertension, and renal disease. Although chronic exercise (Ex) provides various beneficial effects on hypertension and kidney disease, the precise mechanism is not fully clarified. Thus, present study examined the effects of Ex on the blood pressure, renal function and renal lipid metabolism in rats fed with HFr. Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 3 groups. The HFr and Ex groups were fed with HFr (60%, w/w), the control group was fed with the diet in which fructose was replaced by starch. The Ex group underwent treadmill exercise at aerobic intensity. After 12 weeks, renal triglyceride (TG) content were measured, and expression of enzymes and regulators of fatty acid metabolism were analyzed by Western blot. HFr increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) and albuminuria and Ex decreased the HFr-increased SBP and albuminuria (85±4 vs. 122±9 vs. 91±4 mmHg, P<0.01, 326±67 vs. 534±79 vs. 176±54 mg/day, P<0.01). HFr increased plasma TG and uric acid (UA) and Ex decreased the HFr-increased TG and UA (124±20 vs. 474±35 vs. 238±23 mg/dL, P<0.01, 1.15±0.10 vs. 2.14±0.10 vs. 1.50±0.13 mg/dL, P<0.01), whereas HFr or Ex did not affect plasma creatinine. HFr increased renal TG content and Ex decreased the HFr-increased TG content (12.2±0.5 vs. 14.1±0.5 vs. 10.3±1.1 mg/100mg tissue, P<0.01). Among enzymes of fatty acid synthesis, HFr increased the renal expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS), and Ex decrease the expression of FAS (P<0.01). Among enzymes and regulators of fatty acid oxidation, HFr decreased the renal expression of PPARα, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPTI), medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) (P<0.05), and Ex increased the expression of PPARα, CPTI, MCAD, and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase (ACOX). These results indicated that Ex attenuates blood pressure elevation, albuminuria with an improvement of renal lipid metabolism in the HFr-fed rats. These effects of Ex may relate to an improvement of the renal lipid metabolism.

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Molecular characteristic of activin receptor IIB and its functions in growth and nutrient regulation in Eriocheir sinensis

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9673 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9673

Author(s):

Jingan Wang ◽

Kaijun Zhang ◽

Xin Hou ◽

Wucheng Yue ◽

He Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Eriocheir Sinensis ◽

Negative Regulator ◽

Control Group ◽

Molting Cycle ◽

Activin Receptor ◽

Activin Receptor Iib

Activin receptor IIB (ActRIIB) is a serine/threonine-kinase receptor binding with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily ligands to participate in the regulation of muscle mass in vertebrates. However, its structure and function in crustaceans remain unknown. In this study, the ActRIIB gene in Eriocheir sinensis (Es-ActRIIB) was cloned and obtained with a 1,683 bp open reading frame, which contains the characteristic domains of TGF-β type II receptor superfamily, encoding 560 amino acids. The mRNA expression of Es-ActRIIB was the highest in hepatopancreas and the lowest in muscle at each molting stage. After injection of Es-ActRIIB double-stranded RNA during one molting cycle, the RNA interference (RNAi) group showed higher weight gain rate, higher specific growth rate, and lower hepatopancreas index compared with the control group. Meanwhile, the RNAi group displayed a significantly increased content of hydrolytic amino acid in both hepatopancreas and muscle. The RNAi group also displayed slightly higher contents of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acid but significantly decreased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acid compared with the control group. After RNAi on Es-ActRIIB, the mRNA expressions of five ActRIIB signaling pathway genes showed that ActRI and forkhead box O (FoxO) were downregulated in hepatopancreas and muscle, but no significant expression differences were found in small mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 3, SMAD4 and mammalian target of rapamycin. The mRNA expression s of three lipid metabolism-related genes (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1β (CPT1β), fatty acid synthase, and fatty acid elongation) were significantly downregulated in both hepatopancreas and muscle with the exception of CPT1β in muscles. These results indicate that ActRIIB is a functionally conservative negative regulator in growth mass, and protein and lipid metabolism could be affected by inhibiting ActRIIB signaling in crustacean.

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Evidence for Peripheral Vascular Involvement in Mild Elevation of Blood Pressure in Man

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs051065s ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 51 (s3) ◽

pp. 65s-68s

Author(s):

R. Sivertsson ◽

R. Sannerstedt ◽

Y. Lundgren

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Cardiac Index ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Vascular Involvement ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Pressure Elevation ◽

Arterial Blood

1. Cardiac output at rest, intra-arterial blood pressure and hand blood flow at maximal vasodilatation were studied in two groups of 18–25-year-old men: forty-four with mild blood pressure elevation were referred from a military enlistment centre, and twenty-nine normotensive volunteers were mainly recruited from the same enlistment centre. 2. The study group was characterized by a significantly higher cardiac index at rest, and a significantly higher blood flow resistance in the hand at maximal vasodilatation than the control group, indicating the presence of structural modifications in the resistance vessels of patients with mild blood pressure elevation. 3. The tendency to increased vascular resistance in the blood vessels of the hand at maximal vasodilatation was more pronounced in patients with a normal cardiac index than in those with a high index. This suggests inclusion in the study group of tense, anxious individuals with an elevated cardiac index but otherwise normal circulation, but does not exclude the possibility that these patients may develop structural changes later on.

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Impacts of Dietary Protein from Fermented Cottonseed Meal on Lipid Metabolism and Metabolomic Profiling in the Serum of Broilers

Current Protein and Peptide Science ◽

10.2174/1389203721666200203152643 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (8) ◽

pp. 812-820

Author(s):

Cunxi Nie ◽

Yongqiang Wang ◽

Yanfeng Liu ◽

Jiancheng Liu ◽

Wenxia Ge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Cottonseed Meal ◽

Dietary Protein ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽

Control Group ◽

Essential Information ◽

Fermented Cottonseed Meal

Dietary protein from fermented cottonseed meal (FCSM), widely used in poultry diets in China, had regulating effects on lipid metabolism. To understand the effects of FCSM on lipid metabolism in broilers, we analyzed the biochemical indexes, enzyme activity, hormone level and metabolites in serum responses to FCSM intake. One hundred and eighty 21-d-old Chinese yellow feathered broilers (536.07±4.43 g) were randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 replicates and 3 diets with 6 % supplementation of unfermented CSM (control group), FCSM by C. Tropicalis (Ct CSM) or C. tropicalis plus S. Cerevisae (Ct-Sc CSM). Result showed that: (1) FCSM intake decreased significantly the content of triglyceride (TAG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P<0.05) in serum; (2) FCSM intake could significantly increase enzyme activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL) (P<0.05); (3) Ct-Sc CSM intake increased significantly the levels of adiponectin (ADP) (P<0.05); (4) FCSM intake caused significant metabolic changes involving glycolysis, TCA cycle, synthesis of fatty acid and glycogen, and metabolism of glycerolipid, vitamins B group and amino acids. Our results strongly suggested that FCSM intake could significantly affect lipid metabolism via multiple pathways. These findings provided new essential information about the effect of FCSM on broilers and demonstrated the great potential of nutrimetabolomics, through which the research complex nutrients are included in animal diet.

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Virgin Coconut Oil Prevents Blood Pressure Elevation and Improves Endothelial Functions in Rats Fed with Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/629329 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Badlishah Sham Nurul-Iman ◽

Yusof Kamisah ◽

Kamsiah Jaarin ◽

Hj Mohd Saad Qodriyah

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Pressure Elevation ◽

Endothelial Functions

This study was performed to explore the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in male rats that were fed with repeatedly heated palm oil on blood pressure, plasma nitric oxide level, and vascular reactivity. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: (i) control (basal diet), (ii) VCO (1.42 mL/kg, oral), (iii) five-times-heated palm oil (15%) (5HPO), and (iv) five-times-heated palm oil (15%) and VCO (1.42 mL/kg, oral) (5HPO + VCO). Blood pressure was significantly increased in the group that was given the 5HPO diet compared to the control group. Blood pressure in the 5HPO + VCO group was significantly lower than the 5HPO group. Plasma nitric oxide (NO) level in the 5HPO group was significantly lower compared to the control group, whereas in the 5HPO + VCO group, the plasma NO level was significantly higher compared to the 5HPO group. Aortic rings from the 5HPO group exhibited attenuated relaxation in response to acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside as well as increased vasoconstriction to phenylephrine compared to the control group. Aortic rings from the 5HPO + VCO group showed only attenuated vasoconstriction to phenylephrine compared to the 5HPO group. In conclusion, VCO prevents blood pressure elevation and improves endothelial functions in rats fed with repeatedly heated palm oil.

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Sympathetic Hyperactivity Plays an Important Role in Blood Pressure Elevation in Obese Normotensives

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(97)85207-2 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 343A ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K Masuo

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Blood Pressure Elevation ◽

Sympathetic Hyperactivity ◽

Pressure Elevation

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Placental Accumulation of Triacylglycerols in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Altered Fetal Growth are Related to the Differential Expressions of Proteins of Lipid Metabolism

Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes ◽

10.1055/a-1017-3182 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Manoharan Balachandiran ◽

Zachariah Bobby ◽

Gowri Dorairajan ◽

Sajini Elizabeth Jacob ◽

Victorraj Gladwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fetal Growth ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Placental Proteins

Abstract Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) exhibit altered placental lipid metabolism. The molecular basis of this altered metabolism is not clear. Altered placental expression of proteins of lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation may be involved in the placental accumulation of triacylglycerols (TG). The present study was aimed at investigating the differential expressions of placental proteins related to lipid metabolism among GDM women in comparison with control pregnant women (CPW) and to correlate them with maternal and fetal lipid parameters as well as altered fetal growth. Materials and Methods Maternal blood, cord blood, and placental samples were collected from GDM and CPW. The biochemical parameters, glucose, lipid profile and free fatty acids (FFA) were measured. The placental TG content was measured. Differential placental expressions of proteins; phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) p85α, PI3K p110α,liver X receptor alpha (LXRα), sterol regulatory element binding protein1(SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearyl CoA desaturase1 (SCD1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL),Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ were analysed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results Placental protein expressions of PI3K p110α, LXRα, FAS, SCD1, and LPL were found to be significantly higher, whereas PPARα and PPARγ were lower in GDM women compared with CPW. The placental TG content and cord plasma FFA were increased in GDM women compared with CPW. The placental TG content positively correlated with Ponderal index of GDM new-borns. Conclusion Differential expressions of placental proteins related to lipid metabolism in GDM might have led to placental TG accumulation. This might have contributed to the fetal overgrowth in GDM.

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