Abstract 30: 4-PBA Prevents TAC-induced Myocardial Hypertrophy and Interstitial Fibrosis by Attenuating ER Stress in Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Luo ◽  
Baihe Chen ◽  
Xianbao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Er Stress ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Myocardial Hypertrophy ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Imaging Observation

Background: Recently, 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) has been recognized as a potent ER stress inhibitor and a histone deacetylase inhibitor, but its therapeutic effect in cardiovascular diseases is still not fully understood. Our previous study indicated that attenuation of ER stress by administration of low dosage of 4-PBA (20 mg/kg/d) prevented post-infarction-induced cardiac rupture and remodeling through modulating both cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in the mouse model of myocardial infarction. However, little is known whether the administration of 4-PBA is effective for hypertrophic heart disease. The aim of this study is therefore to test the therapeutic effect of 4-PBA on pressure-overload induced myocardial hypertrophy. Methods and Results: Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) was used to produce pressure-overload in C57BL/6 male mice for 4 weeks. After surgery, 4-PBA (20mg/kg/d) or 0.9% NaCL was intraperitoneally injected daily. At the end of 4 weeks, the survivals were underwent high-resolution echocardiographic imaging observation. The results showed that the left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end systole (LVPWs) and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole (LVPWd) were increased in TAC group. Administration of 4-PBA ameliorated this hypertrophic effect. Autopsy also confirmed the anti-hypertrophic effect of 4-PBA. Masson-staining found that there was no difference in perivascular fibrosis between TAC and TAC+4-PBA groups. However, myocardial interstitial fibrosis and collagen deposition were significant decreased by 4-PBA. We finally detected the ER stress and histone acetylation using western blotting. Our results showed that 4-PBA, at the dosage of 20 mg/kg/day, decreased the expression of CHOP and had no effect on histone 3 acetylation. Conclusion: These findings indicate that attenuating ER stress by 4-PBA maybe a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent pressure-overload induced myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis.

Combination of Huangqi Granule and Rosuvastatin Improves the Cardiac Function in Heart Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Weizhong Huangfu ◽  
Yuhong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Ejection ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Ventricular Ejection Fraction ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness

Using rat models of heart failure, we evaluated the effects of rosuvastatin and Huangqi granule alone and in combination on left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, left ventricular end-systolic dimension, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole. Results showed that left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, left ventricular end-systolic dimension in the rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group were significantly decreased (P ‹ 0.01), while left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole and left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-systole were significantly increased (P ‹ 0.05). The serum IL-2, IFN-β, and TNF-α in rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group were significantly lower than those in model group (P ‹ 0.05). However, the levels of S-methylglutathione and superoxide dismutase in rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group were significantly higher, while nitric oxide was significantly lower than that in the model group (P ‹ 0.05). Also, compared to the model group, the apoptosis rate, and the autophagy protein LC3-II in the cardiomyocytes of rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group was significantly decreased (P ‹ 0.01), while the level of p62 protein was significantly increased (P ‹ 0.01). The levels of AMPK and p-AMPK in cardiomyocytes were significantly lower in rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule group; however, the levels of mTOR and p-mTOR showed an opposite trend (P ‹ 0.05). To sum up, rosuvastatin + Huangqi granule could improve the cardiac function, decrease the level of oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in rats with HF. The possible underlying mechanism might be inhibition of autophagy and reduced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by regulating AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway.

scholarly journals The impact of obesity on left ventricular mass and left ventricular systolic function in children

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Ria Nova ◽  
Bambang Madiyono ◽  
Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽  
Damayanti R Sjarif
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Internal Diameter ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Lv Systolic Function

Background Obesity causes cardiovascular disturbances. Theincidence of cardiovascular disease is higher even in mildly obesepatients than in lean subjects.Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare left ven-tricular (LV) mass, LV internal dimensions, and LV systolic func-tion between obese and normal children; and to determine the as-sociation of the degree of obesity with LV mass and LV systolicfunction.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on elemen-tary school students in Jakarta from February to April 2003. Wemeasured the subjects’ body weight and height, and performedlipid profile and echocardiography examinations. Measurementsof LV mass, LV internal dimensions with regard to septum thick-ness, LV internal diameter, and LV posterior wall thickness; andLV systolic function as indicated by shortening fraction and ejec-tion fraction, were performed echocardiographically. The differ-ences in measurements between obese and normal children aswell as between obese children with and without lipid abnormalitywere analyzed. The correlation between the degree of obesity withLV size and systolic function was determined.Results Twenty-eight normal children and 62 obese children wereenrolled in the study. Mean LV mass was 35.7 (SD 5.16) g/cm 3 inobese children versus 24.0 (SD 3.80) g/cm 3 in normal children(P<0.0001). Mean septum thickness was 0.8 (SD 0.14) mm inobese children versus 0.6 (SD 7.90) mm in normal children (P<0.0001). Mean posterior wall thickness was 0.9 (SD 0.14) mm inobese children versus 0.6 (SD 9.97) mm in normal children(P<0.0001). Mean LV internal diameter was 4.0 (SD 0.34) mm inobese children versus 3.9 (SD 0.29) mm in normal children(P=0.300). There was strong correlation between the degree ofobesity and LV mass (r=0.838, P<0.0001). LV systolic function(shortening fraction) was 37.1 (SD 4.20) percent in obese childrenversus 35.8 (SD 4.99) percent in normal children (P=0.19). Ejec-tion fraction was 67.4 (SD 5.32) percent in obese children versus65.5 (SD 6.29) percent in normal children (P=0.13). There wasweak correlation between LV systolic function and the degree ofobesity (shortening fraction r=0.219, P=0.038; ejection fractionr=0.239, P=0.023).Conclusions Obese children had significantly greater LV mass,septum thickness, and posterior wall thickness than normal chil-Backgrounddren. Such significant difference was absent for LV internal diam-eter and measures of LV systolic function. There was no signifi-cant difference in LV mass and LV systolic function between obesechildren with or without abnormality of lipid profile. A strong corre-lation exists between the degree of obesity and LV mass, but thecorrelation between degree of obesity and LV systolic function wasweak

Anatomical Accuracy of Echocardiographically Assessed Left Ventricular Wall Thickness

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (s5) ◽  
pp. 55s-57s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Larkin ◽  
D. C. Johnson ◽  
S. N. Hunyor ◽  
P. Caspari ◽  
R. Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Wall ◽  
Ventricular Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular Wall Thickness ◽  
Echocardiographic Measurement ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Ventricular Wall Thickness

1. A comparison of direct measurement and M-mode echocardiography in the determination of posterior left ventricular wall thickness was performed in 26 subjects, of whom 21 underwent cardiac bypass surgery; the remainder came to necropsy. 2. In the surgical group a close correlation was demonstrated between direct measurement of posterior wall thickness and the echocardiographic end-diastolic dimension (r = 0·76, P &lt; 0·001). 3. The necropsy measurement of posterior wall thickness correlated with the echocardiographic end-systolic dimension (r = 0·99, P &lt; 0·001). 4. These findings confirm that the echocardiographic measurement of posterior wall thickness accurately reflects the anatomical dimension.

scholarly journals Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in women: frequency, characteristics, and diagnostic challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Bruno ◽  
Adam Castaño ◽  
Arianna Burton ◽  
Justin L. Grodin
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Amyloid Cardiomyopathy

AbstractTransthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is a progressive, life-threatening disease characterized by deposition of insoluble amyloid fibrils in the myocardium, resulting in cardiac structural and functional abnormalities and ultimately heart failure. Disease frequency is reportedly lower in women than men, but sex-related differences have not been well established. We conducted a systematic literature review (SLR), based on PRISMA-P guidelines and registered with PROSPERO, to assess whether the epidemiology and clinical presentation of ATTR-CM differ between women and men. MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases and selected conference proceedings were searched (August 16, 2019) to identify observational and clinical studies reporting sex-specific data for patients with wild-type or hereditary ATTR-CM. Of 193 publications satisfying final eligibility criteria, 69 studies were included in our pooled analysis. Among the 4669 patients with ATTR-CM analyzed, 791 (17%) were women, including 174 (9%), 366 (29%), and 251 (18%) in studies of wild-type, hereditary, and undefined ATTR-CM, respectively. Data available on disease characteristics were limited and very heterogeneous, but trends suggested some cardiac structural/functional differences, i.e., lower interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness and left ventricular (LV) end diastolic diameter, and higher LV ejection fractions, in women versus men across ATTR-CM subtypes. Because LV wall thickness > 12 mm is generally the suggested threshold for ATTR-CM diagnosis in both sexes, smaller cardiac anatomy in women with the disease may lead to underdiagnosis. Additional research and studies are needed to elucidate potential disparities between sexes in ATTR-CM frequency, clinical characteristics, and underlying biological mechanisms. This study was registered within the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) database of the University of York (CRD42019146995).

P303Prognostic value of diastolic wall strain in patients with asymptomatic severe aortic stenosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Suwa ◽  
Y Miyasaka ◽  
N Taniguchi ◽  
S Harada ◽  
I Shiojima
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Severe Aortic Stenosis ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Aortic Valve Area ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Diastolic Wall Strain

Abstract Background Diastolic wall strain (DWS) has been reported to be associated with left ventricular (LV) stiffness and worse clinical outcomes. We sought to assess the utility of this new index for prediction of prognosis in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS). Methods Asymptomatic severe AS patients [peak flow velocity (PFV) ≥4.0m/s, mean pressure gradient (mPG) ≥40mmHg, aortic valve area (AVA) ≤1.0cm2, or indexed AVA ≤0.6cm2/m2)] diagnosed between July 2007 and April 2016 were included in this study. Patients with significant mitral valve disease, posterior wall motion abnormality, prior cardiac surgery, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and LV ejection fraction <50% were excluded. DWS was calculated with a validated formula [DWS = (posterior wall thickness at end-systole − posterior wall thickness at end-diastole)/posterior wall thickness at end-systole]. All study patients were prospectively followed up to last visit or death until November 2017, and predictive value of all-cause death was assessed using Cox-proportional hazards modeling. Patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR) during the study period were censored on the date of surgery. Results A total of 184 asymptomatic severe AS, 138 (age 76±9year-old, men 41%, PFV 3.9±1.0m/s, mPG 38±19mmHg, AVA 0.83±0.18cm2, indexed AVA 0.56±0.13cm2/m2) met all study criteria. Of whom, 43 (31%) underwent AVR and 28 (20%) died during a mean follow-up of 25±28months. In a multivariable model after adjusting for clinical and echocardiographic variables, advancing age (per10yrs; HR=2.19, 95% CI=1.19–4.03, P<0.05), history of hemodialysis (HR=4.31, 95% CI=1.30–14.35, P<0.05), and low-DWS (DWS <0.30) (HR=2.83, 95% CI=1.25–6.40, P<0.05) were independent predictors of all-cause death. In the Kaplan-Meier estimates of cumulative survival stratified by DWS status were shown (Figure). The Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival Conclusion Low-DWS provides prognostic information in patients with asymptomatic severe AS.

Pressure overload-induced LV hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice are exacerbated by congenital NOS3 deficiency

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. H1070-H1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumito Ichinose ◽  
Kenneth D. Bloch ◽  
Justina C. Wu ◽  
Ryuji Hataishi ◽  
H. Thomas Aretz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fractional Shortening

To investigate the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) in left ventricular (LV) remodeling induced by chronic pressure overload, the impact of transverse aortic constriction (TAC) on LV structure and function was compared in wild-type (WT) and NOS3-deficient (NOS3–/–) mice. Before TAC, LV wall thickness, mass, and fractional shortening were similar in the two mouse strains. Twenty-eight days after TAC, both WT and NOS3–/– mice had increased LV wall thickness and mass as well as decreased fractional shortening. Although the pressure gradient across the TAC was similar in both strains of mice 28 days after TAC, LV mass and posterior wall thickness were greater in NOS3–/– than in WT mice, whereas fractional shortening and the maximum rate of developed LV pressure were less. Diastolic function, as measured by the time constant of isovolumic relaxation and the maximum rate of LV pressure decay, was impaired to a greater extent in NOS3–/– than in WT mice. The degree of myocyte hypertrophy and LV fibrosis was greater in NOS3–/– than in WT mice at 28 days after TAC. Mortality was greater in NOS3–/– than in WT mice 28 days after TAC. Long-term administration of hydralazine normalized the blood pressure and prevented the LV dilation in NOS3–/– mice but did not prevent the LV hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis associated with NOS3 deficiency after TAC. These results suggest that the absence of NOS3 augments LV dysfunction and remodeling in a murine model of chronic pressure overload.

Abstract 13770: DWS as an Index of Myocardial Stiffness and a Predictor of Heart Failure Outcome in Patients with Chronic Beta-blockade Therapy

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Soyama ◽  
Toshiaki Mano ◽  
Shinichi Hirotani ◽  
Mitsuru Masaki ◽  
Miho Fukui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Beta Blockade ◽  
Myocardial Stiffness ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Diastolic Wall Strain

Background: Diastolic dysfunction determines symptoms and prognosis in patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Diastolic wall strain (DWS) is associated with poor outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. However, the utility of DWS is still unknown in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Our aim is to determine whether DWS is predictive of the outcome in HFrEF. Methods: We studied 54 HFrEF patients (LVEF<50%) and followed DWS as an index of myocardial stiffness for 6 months after the induction of beta blockade (Bisoprolol 2.5-10 mg / day). DWS was determined in the LV M-mode echocardiogram using the following equation: DWS = {(LV posterior wall thickness at end-systole - LV posterior wall thickness at end-diastole) / LV posterior wall thickness at end-systole}. We followed for 7years after the induction of beta-blockade. Results: DWS increased after the induction of beta-blockade (0.32±0.11 vs 0.25±0.12,p<0.05). DcT, EF and E’ also increased after the induction of beta-blockade. HR at rest and log BNP decreased following beta blockade. Patients with DWS ≤ median (0.25) before the induction of beta-blockade had higher rate of HF hospitalization than those with DWS >median during 7 years (Log-rank p =0.025). DcT, EF, E’, HR at rest and log BNP before the induction of beta blockade were not significant predictors of HF outcome (Log-rank p=0.263, 0.504, 0.0796, 0.289 and 0.877) respectively. Conclusions: Induction of beta-blockade provided an improvement in DWS. DWS might be useful as an index of myocardial stiffness to predict the outcomes in HFrEF patients with chronic beta-blockade therapy.

scholarly journals Diagnostic Utility of Electrocardiogram and Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy among Known Hypertensive Patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Amit C. Botre ◽  
U. T. Mane ◽  
Dilip P. Patil ◽  
A. T. Pardesi ◽  
Anil Bhattad
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Septal Thickness ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of the study is to find out presence of LVH by 2D Echo in all cases of hypertension in relation to their duration and severity. In this study it was observed that 59% subjects were males and 41% were females and the mean age of males and females was 64 yrs. Majority of them 36.5% were in the age group of 61-70 yrs, out of them majority of females 48.6% were from age group 71-80 yrs and majority of males 76.5% were from age group of >80 yrs. Study showed that occurrence of LVH by Interventricular septal thickness criteria and Left ventricular posterior wall thickness criteria of 2D Echo in relation to duration of hypertension was statistically not significant. Occurrence of LVH by interventricular septal thickness criteria and Left ventricular posterior wall thickness criteria of 2D Echo in relation to severity of hypertension was statistically not significant.

Effect of Blood Pressure Control on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Essential Hypertension

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 441s-443s ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. Dunn ◽  
B. Bastian ◽  
T. D. V. Lawrie ◽  
A. R. Lorimer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Posterior Wall ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Posterior Wall Thickness ◽  
Group 2

1. Changes in left ventricular structure and function were assessed by echocardiography in 22 patients before and after 9 months blood pressure control. 2. Nine patients had normal baseline echocardiograms (group 1) and 13 had echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (group 2). 3. Group 2 patients demonstrated significant reductions in posterior wall thickness (P&lt;0.01), septal wall thickness (P&lt;0.025) and left ventricular mass (P&lt;0.005). Only six of the 13 patients showed a reduction of ≥3 mm in posterior wall thickness. The remainder showed no alteration or only a slight non-significant reduction. 4. The regression of voltage in some patients but not in others did not appear to be related to initial blood pressure, the extent of the fall in blood pressure or duration of follow-up. It was not possible to say whether any specific therapy was beneficial to regression since most of the patients were on multiple therapy.

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