Discussion of Soil Respiration for Understanding Ecosystem Carbon Cycle in Korea.

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Ho Lee ◽  
◽  
Jun-Seok Yi ◽  
Young-Moon Chun ◽  
Nam-yi Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon

scholarly journals Increased Litter Greatly Enhancing Soil Respiration in Betula platyphylla Forests of Permafrost Region, Northeast China

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Hong Wei ◽  
Xiuling Man
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Permafrost Region ◽  
Betula Platyphylla ◽  
Litter Input ◽  
Litter Manipulation ◽  
And Control

The change of litter input can affect soil respiration (Rs) by influencing the availability of soil organic carbon and nutrients, regulating soil microenvironments, thus resulting in a profound influence on soil carbon cycle of the forest ecosystem. We conducted an aboveground litterfall manipulation experiment in different-aged Betula platyphylla forests (25-, 40- and 61-year-old) of the permafrost region, located in the northeast of China, during May to October in 2018, with each stand treated with doubling litter (litter addition, DL), litter exclusion (no-litter, NL) and control litter (CK). Our results indicated that Rs decreased under NL treatment compared with CK treatment. The effect size lessened with the increase in the stand age; the greatest reduction was found for young Betula platyphylla forest (24.46% for 25-year-old stand) and tended to stabilize with the growth of forest with the reduction of 15.65% and 15.23% for 40-and 61- year-old stands, respectively. Meanwhile, under DL treatment, Rs increased by 27.38%, 23.83% and 23.58% on 25-, 40- and 61-year-old stands, respectively. Our results also showed that the increase caused by DL treatment was larger than the reduction caused by NL treatment, leading to a priming effect, especially on 40- and 61-year-old stands. The change in litter input was the principal factor affecting the change of Rs under litter manipulation. The soil temperature was also a main factor affecting the contribution rate of litter to Rs of different-aged stands, which had a significant positive exponential correlation with Rs. This suggests that there is a significant relationship between litter and Rs, which consequently influences the soil carbon cycle in Betula platyphylla forests of the permafrost region, Northeast China. Our finding indicated the increased litter enhanced the Rs in Betula platyphylla forest, which may consequently increase the carbon emission in a warming climate in the future. It is of great importance for future forest management in the permafrost region, Northeast China.

scholarly journals Consistent Effects of Canopy vs. Understory Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration and Net Ecosystem Production in Moso Bamboo Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Chunju Cai ◽  
Zhihan Yang ◽  
Liang Liu ◽  
Yunsen Lai ◽  
Junjie Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycling ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Net Ecosystem Production ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Atmospheric N Deposition ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Ecosystem Production

Nitrogen (N) deposition has been well documented to cause substantial impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling. However, the majority studies of stimulating N deposition by direct N addition to forest floor have neglected some key ecological processes in forest canopy (e.g., N retention and absorption) and might not fully represent realistic atmospheric N deposition and its effects on ecosystem carbon cycling. In this study, we stimulated both canopy and understory N deposition (50 and 100 kg N ha−1 year−1) with a local atmospheric NHx:NOy ratio of 2.08:1, aiming to assess whether canopy and understory N deposition had similar effects on soil respiration (RS) and net ecosystem production (NEP) in Moso bamboo forests. Results showed that RS, soil autotrophic (RA), and heterotrophic respiration (RH) were 2971 ± 597, 1472 ± 579, and 1499 ± 56 g CO2 m−2 year−1 for sites without N deposition (CN0), respectively. Canopy and understory N deposition did not significantly affect RS, RA, and RH, and the effects of canopy and understory N deposition on these soil fluxes were similar. NEP was 1940 ± 826 g CO2 m−2 year−1 for CN0, which was a carbon sink, indicating that Moso bamboo forest the potential to play an important role alleviating global climate change. Meanwhile, the effects of canopy and understory N deposition on NEP were similar. These findings did not support the previous predictions postulating that understory N deposition would overestimate the effects of N deposition on carbon cycling. However, due to the limitation of short duration of N deposition, an increase in the duration of N deposition manipulation is urgent and essential to enhance our understanding of the role of canopy processes in ecosystem carbon fluxes in the future.

scholarly journals Water scaling of ecosystem carbon cycle feedback to climate warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. eaav1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Quan ◽  
Dashuan Tian ◽  
Yiqi Luo ◽  
Fangyue Zhang ◽  
Tom W. Crowther ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Carbon Uptake ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon ◽  
Improve Model ◽  
Dry Conditions

It has been well established by field experiments that warming stimulates either net ecosystem carbon uptake or release, leading to negative or positive carbon cycle–climate change feedback, respectively. This variation in carbon-climate feedback has been partially attributed to water availability. However, it remains unclear under what conditions water availability enhances or weakens carbon-climate feedback or even changes its direction. Combining a field experiment with a global synthesis, we show that warming stimulates net carbon uptake (negative feedback) under wet conditions, but depresses it (positive feedback) under very dry conditions. This switch in carbon-climate feedback direction arises mainly from scaling effects of warming-induced decreases in soil water content on net ecosystem productivity. This water scaling of warming effects offers generalizable mechanisms not only to help explain varying magnitudes and directions of observed carbon-climate feedback but also to improve model prediction of ecosystem carbon dynamics in response to climate change.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of certain soil microbiological characteristics of the carbon cycle

2016 ◽  
pp. 137-141
Author(s):  
Bence Mátyás ◽  
Judit Horváth ◽  
János Kátai
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Microbiological Characteristics ◽  
Long Term Experiment

In our researches, we examine the soil microbial parameters related to the carbon cycle. In this study, we compare the changes of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and the soil CO2 production in soil samples which were taken in spring and autumn. The 30 years old long-term experiment of Debrecen-Látókép is continued in our experiments. The long-term fertilization experiment was set in 1983, and our sample was taken in spring 2014. The examinations of soil respiration processes and factors that influence soil respiration are required in optimal management. In our study, we interested to know how the growing levels of fertilization influence the soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon under non-irrigated and irrigated conditions in maize mono, bi, and triculture.

scholarly journals A restructured and updated global soil respiration database (SRDB-V5)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinshi Jian ◽  
Rodrigo Vargas ◽  
Kristina Anderson-Teixeira ◽  
Emma Stell ◽  
Valentine Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Insertion Depth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Framework ◽  
Global Soil

Abstract. Field-measured soil respiration (RS, the soil-to-atmosphere CO2 flux) observations were compiled into a global soil respiration database (SRDB) a decade ago, a resource that has been widely used by the biogeochemistry community to advance our understanding of RS dynamics. Novel carbon cycle sciences questions require updated and augmented global information with better interoperability among datasets. Here, we restructured and updated the global RS database to version SRDB-V5. The updated version has all previous fields revised for consistency and simplicity, and it has several new fields to include ancillary information (e.g., RS measurement time, collar insertion depth, collar area). The new SRDB-V5 includes published papers through 2017 (800 independent studies) where total observations increased from 6633 in SRDB-V4 to 10366 in SRDB-V5. The SRDB-V5 features more RS data published in Russian and Chinese scientific literature, has an improved global spatio-temporal coverage, and improved global climate-space representation. We also restructured the database so that it has stronger interoperability with other datasets related to carbon-cycle science. For instance, linking SRDB-V5 with an hourly timescale global soil respiration database (HGRsD) and an open community database for continuous soil respiration and other chamber flux data (COSORE) enables researchers to explore new questions. The updated SRDB-V5 aims to be a data framework for the scientific community to share seasonal to annual field RS measurements, and it provides opportunities for the biogeochemistry community to better understand the spatial and temporal variability of RS, its components, and the overall carbon cycle. The database can be downloaded at https://github.com/bpbond/srdb and ORNL DAAC [Submitted]. All data and code to reproduce the results in this study can be found at: Jian, Jinshi, Bond-Lamberty, Ben. (2020). jinshijian/ESSD: SRDB-V5 first release (Version v1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3876443.

scholarly journals Carbon sequestration potential of street tree plantings in Helsinki

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minttu Havu ◽  
Liisa Kulmala ◽  
Pasi Kolari ◽  
Timo Vesala ◽  
Anu Riikonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sequestration Potential ◽  
Initial Carbon ◽  
Street Tree ◽  
Sequestration Potential ◽  
Forested Ecosystems

Abstract. Cities have become increasingly interested in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing carbon sequestration and storage in urban vegetation and soil as part of their climate mitigation actions. However, most of our knowledge on biogenic carbon cycle is based on data and models from forested ecosystems even though urban nature and microclimate are very different to those in natural or forested ecosystems. There is a need for modelling tools that can correctly consider temporal variations of urban carbon cycle and take the urban specific conditions into account. The main aims of this study are to examine the carbon sequestration potential of two commonly used street tree species (Tilia x vulgaris and Alnus glutinosa) and their soils by taking into account the complexity of urban conditions, and evaluate urban land surface model SUEWS and soil carbon model Yasso15 in simulating carbon sequestration of these street tree plantings at different temporal scales (diurnal, monthly and annual). SUEWS provides the urban microclimate, and photosynthesis and respiration of street trees whereas the soil carbon storage is estimated with Yasso. Both models were run for 2002–2016 and within this period the model performances were evaluated against transpiration estimated from sap flow, soil carbon content and soil moisture measurements from two street tree sites located in Helsinki, Finland. The models were able to capture the variability in urban carbon cycle due to changes in environmental conditions and tree species. SUEWS simulated the stomatal control and transpiration well (RMSE < 0.31 mm h−1) and was able to produce correct soil moisture in the street soil (nRMSE < 0.23). Yasso was able to simulate the strong decline in initial carbon content but later overestimated respiration and thus underestimated carbon stock slightly (MBE > −5.42 kg C m−2). Over the study period, soil respiration dominated the carbon exchange over carbon sequestration, due to the high initial carbon loss from the soil after the street construction. However, the street tree plantings turned into a modest sink of carbon from the atmosphere on annual scale as the tree and soil respiration approximately balanced photosynthesis. The compensation point when street trees plantings turned from annual source to sink was reached faster by Alnus trees after 12 years, while by Tilia trees after 14 years. Overall, the results indicate the importance of soil in urban carbon sequestration estimations.

Responses of ecosystem carbon cycle to experimental warming: a meta-analysis

Ecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 726-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Lu ◽  
Xuhui Zhou ◽  
Qiang Yang ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Yiqi Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Experimental Warming ◽  
Ecosystem Carbon

Carbon cycle of permafrost transect: main terrestrial and hydrological ecosystems of Eastern Siberia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trofim Maximov ◽  
Han Dolman ◽  
Ayumi Kotani ◽  
Per Anderson ◽  
Ayaal Maksimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Larch Forest ◽  
Eddy Correlation ◽  
Northeastern Russia ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
Siberian Forests

&lt;p&gt;Almost 65% of Siberian forests and 23% of tundra vegetation grow in permafrost zone. According to our estimate, carbon stocks in the soils of forest and tundra ecosystems of Yakutia (Eastern Siberia, Russia) amount to 17 billion tons (125.5 million hectares of forest and 37 million hectares of tundra in total) that is about 25% of total carbon resource in the forest soils of the Russian Federation.&lt;br&gt;This presentation is compiled from the results of many years time series investigations conducted on the study of carbon cycle in permafrost-dominated forests with different productivity and typical tundra and along Great Lena river basin including Aldan and Viluy tributaries.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;Seasonal photosynthesis maximum of forest canopy vegetation in dry years falls into June, and in humid ones &amp;#8211; into July. During the growing season the woody plants of Yakutia uptake from 1.5 to 4.0 t C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; season&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; depending on water provision. Night respiration is higher in dry and extremely dry years (10.9 and 16.1% respectively). The productive process of tree species in Eastern Siberia is limited by endogenous (stomatal conductance) and exogenous (provision with moisture and nutrients, nitrogen specifically) factors. The increase of an atmospheric precipitation after long 2-3 annual droughts accompanied with strong surge in photosynthetic activity of forest plants is almost 2.5 times.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;The temperature of soil is a key factor influencing soil respiration in the larch forests. Average soil respiration for the growing season comes to 6.9 kg C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; day&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, which is a characteristic of Siberian forests. Annual average soil emission is 4.5&amp;#177;0.6 t C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;br&gt;As our multi-year studies showed, there is significant interannual NEE variation in the Central Yakutia larch forest, while in the Southern Yakutia &amp;#160;larch forest and tundra ecosystem variation is more smooth, because the climatic conditions in these zones (close to the mountain and sea) &amp;#160;are less changeable than in sharply continental Central Yakutia.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;According to our long-term eddy-correlation data, the annual uptake of carbon flux (NEE) in the high productivity larch forest of South eastern Yakutia, 60N &amp;#8211; 2.43&amp;#177;0.23 t C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;, in the moderate productivity larch forest of the Central Yakutia, 62N makes 2.12&amp;#177;0.34 t C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and in the tundra zone, 70N &amp;#8211; 0.75&amp;#177;0.14 t C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;.&lt;br&gt;Interannual variation of carbon fluxes in permafrost forests in Northeastern Russia (Yakutia) makes 1.7-2.4 t C ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; that results in the upper limit of annual sequestering capacity of 450-617 Mt C yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. In connection with climate warming there is a tendency of an increase in the volume of carbon sequestration by tundra and as opposed to decrease by forest ecosystem in the result of prolongation of the growing season and changing of plant successions. &amp;#160;This is also supported by changes in land use as well as by CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; sequestration in the form of fertilizer.&amp;#160;&lt;br&gt;According our biogeochemical investigation annual flux of carbon from main in Eastern Siberia Lena river hydrological basin is almost 6.2 Mt C yr&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; including 28% at Aldan and 14% at Viluy rivers.&lt;/p&gt;

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