Evaluation of the Effects of a Head-mounted Display on Ocular Accommodation

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Neveu ◽  
Ted Blackmon ◽  
Lawrence Stark
Keyword(s):  
Measured Data ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Ocular Accommodation ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Color Television ◽  
Short Term Effects

We evaluated a commercially produced head-mounted display (HMD) to determine its short-term effects on human ocular accommodation. Thirteen subjects (seven men and six women, ranging from 13 to 44 years old) were tested for changes in a number of parameters before and after viewing a full-length movie (approximately two hours) on a HMD. As a control, subjects were also tested before and after viewing a movie on a high-quality NTSC color television, and also before and after a one-hour intermission. Accommodation dynamics and range were measured. Data showed wellknown trends due to subject age. Only one statistically significant change was found: a slight increase in the latency of relaxation accommodation after HMD viewing.

Using “Stages of Behavioral Change” Constructs to Measure the Short-Term Effects of a Worksite-Based Intervention to Increase Moderate Physical Activity

1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 615-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galen Cole ◽  
Sharon Hammond ◽  
Bruce Leonard ◽  
Fred Fridinger
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Transtheoretical Model ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Maintenance Stage ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Change Concept ◽  
Short Term Effects

We evaluated a three-level incentive program to promote regular, moderate physical activity among employees working in a federal agency. The objective was to assess the short-term effects of the intervention by examining the stages people go through as they attempt to make permanent changes in physical activity. Indicators of the process by which changes in physical activity take place were based on a modified version of the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior. A one-group pretest/posttest design was used to ascertain which of the stages the 1,192 participants were in both before and after the intervention. Analysis indicated that, of the 1,192 participants, 6.5% regressed one or more stages, 30.3% did not regress or progress from one stage to another, 27.7% remained in the maintenance stage, and 35.4% progressed one (21.1%) or more (14.3%) stages during the 50-day intervention. Among those who progressed, the most common change was from preparation to late preparation (20.8%) and from late preparation to action (19.4%). Findings reinforce the notion that the stages of change concept can serve as indicators of the change process which, in turn, can be used as evidence of the short-term effectiveness of interventions. Findings also indicate this type of intervention holds promise for increasing physical activity among willing participants of a worksite population.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Relaxation for Patients With a Psychiatric Disorder: Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Veling ◽  
Bart Lestestuiver ◽  
Marieke Jongma ◽  
H J Rogier Hoenders ◽  
Catheleine van Driel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relaxation Exercises ◽  
Short Term Effects

BACKGROUND Virtual reality (VR) relaxation is a promising mental health intervention that may be an effective tool for stress reduction but has hardly been tested in clinical trials with psychiatric patients. We developed an easy-to-use VR self-management relaxation tool (VRelax) with immersive 360° nature videos and interactive animated elements. OBJECTIVE To investigate the immediate effects of VR relaxation on negative and positive affective states and short-term effects on perceived stress and symptoms in patients with a psychiatric disorder, compared to standard relaxation exercises. METHODS A randomized crossover trial was conducted in 50 patients receiving ambulatory treatment for anxiety, psychotic, depressive, or bipolar disorder. Participants were randomly assigned to start with VRelax or standard relaxation and used both interventions for 10 days at home. They completed 8 visual analog scales of momentary negative and positive affective states before and after each session. Global perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms were measured before and after both intervention periods. Treatment effects were analyzed with multilevel mixed model regression analyses and 2-way analysis of variance. RESULTS Both VRelax and standard relaxation exercises led to a statistically significant immediate improvement of all negative and positive affective states. Compared to standard relaxation, VRelax resulted in a significantly greater reduction of total negative affective state (change 16.2% versus 21.2%; t<sub>1684</sub>=−2.02, 95% CI −18.70 to −0.28; <i>P</i>=.04). Specifically, VRelax had a stronger beneficial effect on momentary anxiety (t<sub>1684</sub>=−3.24, 95% CI −6.86 to −1.69), sadness (t<sub>1684</sub>=−2.32, 95% CI −6.51 to −0.55), and cheerfulness (t<sub>1684</sub>=2.35, 95% CI 0.51 to 5.75). There were no significant differences between short-term effects of the two treatments on global perceived stress and symptoms. CONCLUSIONS If the results of this trial are replicated and extended, VRelax may provide a much-needed, effective, easy-to-use self-management relaxation intervention to enhance psychiatric treatments. CLINICALTRIAL Netherlands Trial Register NTR7294; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7096

Medroxy-progesterone acetate administration to ovariohysterectomized, oestradiol-primed beagle bitches Effect on secretion of growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol

1987 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Rutteman ◽  
R. Stolp ◽  
A. Rijnberk ◽  
S. Loeffler ◽  
J. A. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Lysine Vasopressin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Term Effects

Abstract. Growth hormone (GH), prolactin (Prl) and cortisol secretion was studied in 5 ovariohysterectomized dogs before and after oestradiol implantation and medroxy-progesterone acetate (MPA) administration. MPA was given at regular intervals during a period of 10 months in a total of 12 injections. Short-term effects of oestradiol were restricted to significantly enhanced Prl responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). MPA treatment after oestradiol implantation resulted in significanly elevated basal GH levels in all dogs, with a continuing increase in one dog. Only in the latter dog was a significant decrease in basal Prl levels seen. MPA administration did not significantly change Prl responses to TRH. The GH responses to clonidine were significantly reduced at 9 and 16 weeks of oestradiol and MPA treatment. In the one dog which exhibited the greatest rise in basal GH levels, GH responses were completely abolished at 9, 16 and 43 weeks of oestradiol and MPA treatment. TRH never evoked significant GH responses. Both basal and lysine-vasopressin (LVP)-stimulated cortisol levels were significantly suppressed during combined oestradiol-MPA treatment. These findings denote that in the dog. 1) Oestradiol rapidly induces an enhanced Prl response to TRH. 2) The oestradiol-MPA induced GH overproduction is associated with a reduced responsiveness of GH to clonidine and is not accompanied by GH responsiveness to TRH. 3) Oestradiol-MPA treatment suppresses both basal and LVP-stimulated cortisol secretion.

Do the short-term effects of a high-quality preschool program persist?

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 60-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn J. Hill ◽  
William T. Gormley ◽  
Shirley Adelstein
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Preschool Program ◽  
Short Term Effects

Short-Term Effects of an Intervention to Prevent Bullying on First-Grade Secondary School Children of Palermo, Italy: The "BIAS" Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Costantino ◽  
Alessandra Casuccio ◽  
Claudia Marotta ◽  
Stefania Enza Bono ◽  
Gianmarco Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
First Grade ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Verbal Bullying ◽  
Indirect Bullying ◽  
The One ◽  
Short Term Effects

The Bullying in Sicilian School study aimed to investigate the prevalence of bullying and the short-term effects on the students&rsquo; perception of bullying after a preventive intervention conducted among teachers of first-grade secondary schools of Palermo, Sicily (Italy). Between the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 school years, a pre-post intervention study was conducted among ten schools sampled and categorized by neighbourhood socio-economic index. A questionnaire investigating physical, verbal and indirect bullying, observers role, prosociality and resiliency in bullying phenomena was administered before and after a formative cascade-training intervention on teachers of the selected classes. 428 students participated the study (70.8% response rate). A decrease in the bullying episodes after the intervention carried out was reported by students in all areas explored. The verbal bullying was the one that demonstrated the most significant decrease, together with physical bullying and observer area. In particular, a statistically significant decrease was reported for students of schools with an intermediate socioeconomic level. The encouraging results obtained in reducing bullying episodes, together with its low cost of human and economic resources, could suggest the research extension on a regional/national scale.

scholarly journals Short-term effects of mobilization on oxygenation in patients after open surgery for pancreatic cancer: a randomized controlled trial

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Fagevik Olsén ◽  
Suada Becovic ◽  
Elizabeth Dean
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Open Surgery ◽  
Pancreatic Surgery ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Postoperative Intensive Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short Term Effects

Abstract Background Despite the unequivocal role of progressive mobilization in post-surgical patient management, its specific effects and timing, particularly after abdominal surgery, remain debated. This study’s aim was to examine the short-term effects of mobilization on oxygenation in hemodynamically stable patients after open surgery for pancreatic cancer. Methods A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in which patients (n = 83) after open pancreatic surgery were randomized to either the same-day mobilization group (mobilized when hemodynamically stable within four hours after surgery) or the next-day mobilization group (mobilized first time in the morning of the first post-operative day). Mobilization was prescribed and modified based on hemodynamic and subjective responses with the goal of achieving maximal benefit with minimal risk. Blood gas samples were taken three times the evening after surgery; and before and after mobilization on the first post-operative day. Spirometry was conducted pre-operatively and on the first post-operative day. Adverse events and length of stay in postoperative intensive care were also recorded. Results With three dropouts, 80 patients participated (40 per group). All patients in the same-day mobilization group, minimally sat over the edge of the bed on the day of surgery and all patients (both groups) minimally sat over the edge of the bed the day after surgery. Compared with patients in the next-day mobilization group, patients in the same-day mobilization group required lower FiO2 and had higher SaO2/FiO2 at 1800 h on the day of surgery (p < .05). On the day after surgery, FiO2, SaO2/FiO2, PaO2/FiO2, and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, before and after mobilization, were superior in the same-day mobilization group (p < 0.05). No differences were observed between groups in PCO2, pH, spirometry or length stay in postoperative intensive care. Conclusions Compared with patients after open pancreatic surgery in the next-day mobilization group, those in the same-day mobilization group, once hemodynamically stable, improved oxygenation to a greater extent after mobilization. Our findings support prescribed progressive mobilization in patients after pancreatic surgery (when hemodynamically stable and titrated to their individual responses and safety considerations), on the same day of surgery to augment oxygenation, potentially helping to reduce complications and hasten functional recovery. Trial registration: This prospective RCT was carried out at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg (Registration number: 437-17). Trial registration: “FoU in Sweden” (Research and Development in Sweden, URL: https://www.researchweb.org/is/vgr) id: 238701 Registered 13 December 2017 and Clinical Trials (URL:clinicaltrials.gov) NCT03466593. Registered 15 March 2018.

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects and Early Complications of Balloon-Occluded Retrograde Transvenous Obliteration for Gastric Varices

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manabu Watanabe ◽  
Kazue Shiozawa ◽  
Takashi Ikehara ◽  
Shigeru Nakano ◽  
Michio Kougame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Esophageal Varices ◽  
Gastric Varices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Venous Thrombus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Short Term Effects

The short-term effects of balloon-occluded retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) to treat gastric varices were evaluated by using computed tomography (CT) and gastroscopy (GF). The subjects were 77 patients who underwent BRTO to treat gastric varices. The short-term effects of BRTO were investigated with regard to ascites, pleural effusion, venous thrombus, and esophageal varices by comparing the findings of CT and GF performed within one month before and after BRTO. The mean duration of followup was 960.1 days. Ascites and pleural effusion were exacerbated after BRTO in 26 (33.8%) and 31 (40.3%), respectively. A significant difference in ascites exacerbation was noted in patients with hypoalbuminemia and a high Child-Pugh score, and a significant difference in exacerbation of pleural effusion was noted in patients with hypoalbuminemia. Venous thrombus was noted in 7 patients (9.1%). Esophageal varices were exacerbated in 14 (21.2%) of the 66 patients. The 2-year survival rate was 720 days, and significant differences were noted in the Child-Pugh classification and the concomitance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on multivariate analysis of prognosis-related factors. Conclusion. The frequencies of exacerbation of ascites, pleural effusion, and esophageal varices after BRTO were high but these may not be related to survival.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality Relaxation for Patients With a Psychiatric Disorder: Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial

10.2196/17233 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. e17233
Author(s):  
Wim Veling ◽  
Bart Lestestuiver ◽  
Marieke Jongma ◽  
H J Rogier Hoenders ◽  
Catheleine van Driel
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Relaxation Exercises ◽  
Short Term Effects

Background Virtual reality (VR) relaxation is a promising mental health intervention that may be an effective tool for stress reduction but has hardly been tested in clinical trials with psychiatric patients. We developed an easy-to-use VR self-management relaxation tool (VRelax) with immersive 360° nature videos and interactive animated elements. Objective To investigate the immediate effects of VR relaxation on negative and positive affective states and short-term effects on perceived stress and symptoms in patients with a psychiatric disorder, compared to standard relaxation exercises. Methods A randomized crossover trial was conducted in 50 patients receiving ambulatory treatment for anxiety, psychotic, depressive, or bipolar disorder. Participants were randomly assigned to start with VRelax or standard relaxation and used both interventions for 10 days at home. They completed 8 visual analog scales of momentary negative and positive affective states before and after each session. Global perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms were measured before and after both intervention periods. Treatment effects were analyzed with multilevel mixed model regression analyses and 2-way analysis of variance. Results Both VRelax and standard relaxation exercises led to a statistically significant immediate improvement of all negative and positive affective states. Compared to standard relaxation, VRelax resulted in a significantly greater reduction of total negative affective state (change 16.2% versus 21.2%; t1684=−2.02, 95% CI −18.70 to −0.28; P=.04). Specifically, VRelax had a stronger beneficial effect on momentary anxiety (t1684=−3.24, 95% CI −6.86 to −1.69), sadness (t1684=−2.32, 95% CI −6.51 to −0.55), and cheerfulness (t1684=2.35, 95% CI 0.51 to 5.75). There were no significant differences between short-term effects of the two treatments on global perceived stress and symptoms. Conclusions If the results of this trial are replicated and extended, VRelax may provide a much-needed, effective, easy-to-use self-management relaxation intervention to enhance psychiatric treatments. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR7294; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7096

scholarly journals Analysis of Changes in Fiber Density Distribution in a Cotton Combed Spinning System Using Modified Regulation of the Sliver Draft

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Marek Idzik
Keyword(s):  
Linear Density ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fiber Density ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rotor Spinning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Operation Algorithm

Abstract Shortening the technological spinning processes, aiming at the reduction in production costs, causes problems with keeping up a high quality of yarn. Of great significance is the use of autolevellers that not only equalize the distribution of fiber linear density but also straighten the fibers and lay them parallel to the product axis. Consequently, they replace the machines eliminated from technological lines and contribute to the improvement in the quality of intermediate products and yarns. Using an example of the cotton combed spinning system, the article presents the analysis of the possibilities of using a short-term autoleveller with a modified operation algorithm that takes into account the phenomenon of sliver retardation after the process of short-term regulation. The regulation of draft was used before and after combing. The quality parameters of slivers used for feeding roving frames or rotor spinning machines were analyzed.

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