scholarly journals Education–Occupation Mismatch and Its Wage Penalties in Informal Employment in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-141
Author(s):  
Tanthaka Vivatsurakit ◽  
Jessica Vechbanyongratana
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Private Firm ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Educational Investments ◽  
Wage Penalties ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Future Education

Abstract This study examines the incidence of vertical mismatch among formal and informal workers in Thailand. Using the 2011, 2013, and 2015 Thailand Household Socio-economic Surveys, the study analyzes the relationship between vertical mismatch and wage penalties and premiums across four types of workers: formal government, formal private firm, informal private firm, and informal own-account workers. The incidence of overeducation is modest among the oldest cohort (8.7%) but prevalent among the youngest cohort (29.3%). Government employees face the highest overeducation wage penalties (28.2%) compared to matched workers, while in private firms, informal workers have consistently higher overeducation wage penalties than formal workers. Educated young workers are increasingly absorbed into low-skill informal work in private firms and face large overeducation wage penalties. The inability of many young workers to capitalize on their educational investments in Thailand's formal labor market is a concern for future education and employment policy development in Thailand.

Private firm performance: do women directors matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Sattar ◽  
Pallab Kumar Biswas ◽  
Helen Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Small Firm ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Private Firm ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Women Directors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Firm Profitability ◽  
Board Gender Diversity

Purpose This paper aims to examine the relationship between board gender diversity and private firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors test the association between board gender diversity and private firm performance by estimating pooled multivariate regressions using an unbalanced panel data set of 115,253 firm-year observations. Findings The authors find that younger, less busy and local women directors enhance private firm performance. Firms with 40% or more women directors report triple the economic benefits compared to boards with at least 20% women directors. Considering firm size, women directors significantly increase small firm profitability, and the effect is more pronounced for high-risk firms. Greater board gender diversity enhances small firm performance as the monitoring role of women directors benefits the firm even in the presence of busy men directors. Consistent with the agency theory framework, the authors find that women directors improve small firm profitability in the presence of agency costs. Research limitations/implications Due to the lack of availability of data about private firms, many factors are not directly observable. The analysis uses accounting-based performance measures that may be subject to managerial discretion. Nevertheless, the authors report highly significant results using cash-based performance measures that substantiate the overall findings. Practical implications The results of the present study point to the need for private firms to increase board gender diversity and consider women director busyness, age, nationality and firm size when making board director appointments. Originality/value This study adds to the scarce existent literature investigating private firms. The results contribute to the understanding of gender-diverse boards as well as the attributes of women directors that enhance private firm performance.

scholarly journals Functional Labour Market Areas for Chile

REGION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Francisco Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Market Areas ◽  
Labour Market Activity

Administrative areas are arbitrarily designed and do not necessarily reflect the geographical patterns of socio-economic and labour market activity. Labour market areas (LMAs) are required to analyse spatial labour market activity and provide a framework to guide spatially-explicit employment policy development. This resource describes a data source of a set of recently created labour market areas for Chile.

scholarly journals THE SLOVAK CITIZEN’S AND UNIVERSITY STUDENT’S PERSPECTIVE ON THE BENEFITS OF ROBOTIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Mišík ◽  
Jana Štofková
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Skills Acquisition ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
High Level

We live in a time which is determined by rapid technological development, increasing automation, creating electronic services and implementing robots. The current Fourth Industrial Revolution is not just about technology or business, it is also about society, the quality of life and the integration of new technologies where humans and robots interact. New technologies create space for job opportunities that will require specific kinds of skills. Today, computers and machines can do a high level of work involving routine and manual work, but they cannot replace some analytical, creative and, most importantly, social skills. An education and employment policy is needed to transform the trends and challenges of the digital economy. The aim of the contribution is point to the theoretical background of the digital transformation of society and define the level of robot skills acquisition. Moreover, it identifies the life situations and sectors where respondents from Slovakia would accept the presence of robots and the article compares data with a survey conducted by 168 students of Zilina university. The contribution also focuses attention on the approach to the relationship between human and the robot and the perceived benefits of using robots from the point of view of citizens.

scholarly journals Price and location equilibria in a circular market: a pure vs a mixed duopsony with a co-operative

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 341-347
Author(s):  
P. Fousekis ◽  
D. Panagiotou
Keyword(s):  
Large Distance ◽  
Price Competition ◽  
Pure Strategy ◽  
Private Firm ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
Primary Commodity ◽  
Location Equilibrium ◽  
Price War

The objective of the present paper is to analyze the location-price competition in circular markets where the power lies with the buyers. To this end, it considers two alternative market structures. Namely, the pure ones, where the buyers of a primary commodity are private firms, and mixed ones, where a private firm competes against a producer’s co-operative. According to the results, the pure-strategy location equilibrium in both cases involves a distance between the two players larger or equal to 1/4. Nevertheless, the equilibriums are qualitatively different. In the pure duopsony, a large distance is required to prevent a price war while in the mixed duopsony, the private firm tries to stay away from the co-op in order to ensure a strictly positive profit.    

Ownership Biases and FDI in China: Evidence from Two Provinces

2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Private Firm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Growth Opportunities ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Relative Property ◽  
Future Growth

Jiangsu and Zhejiang are of two of China's most prosperous and dynamic provinces. This paper first presents a factual account of two empirical phenomena: 1) FDI has played a more substantial role in the economic development of Jiangsu than in Zhejiang, and 2) ownership biases against domestic private firms in Jiangsu were more substantial than in Zhejiang. The paper hypothesizes that there is a connection between these two empirical phenomena. Specifically, ownership biases against domestic private firms increase preferences for FDI because FDI provides a measure of relative property rights security. Thus a biased domestic private firm has an incentive to move its assets and/or future growth opportunities to the foreign sector. The paper uses two private-sector surveys—one conducted in 1993 and the other in 2002—to provide an empirical test of this hypothesis. Our analysis shows, controlling for a variety of firm-level attributes and industry and regional characteristics, those private firms which perceive ownership biases to be more severe are more likely to form joint ventures with foreign firms.

A Property Rights Analysis of Newly Private Firms: Opportunities for Owners to Appropriate Rents and Partition Residual Risks

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marguerite Schneider ◽  
Alix Valenti
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Private Firm ◽  
Residual Risk ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Public Firms ◽  
Going Private ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Owned Company ◽  
Do So

ABSTRACT:A key factor in the decision to convert a publicly owned company to private status is the expectation that value will be created, providing the firm with rent. These rents have implications regarding the property rights of the firm’s capital-contributing constituencies. We identify and analyze the types of rent associated with the newly private firm. Compared to public firms, going private allows owners the potential to partition part of the residual risk to bond holders and employees, rendering them to be co-residual risk bearers with owners. We propose that new promotion-based contracts with bond holders and employees, reflecting their particular investments, be negotiated as the firm migrates from public to private status. These contracts should acknowledge the firm’s intent to maximize shareholder value and its need to take the risks necessary to do so, but support that the firm’s survival not be undermined due to its possibly opportunistic owners.

Earnings management and performance of management buyouts

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (10/11) ◽  
pp. 1363-1381
Author(s):  
Lokman Tutuncu
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Private Firm ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Buyouts ◽  
Firm Management ◽  
And Performance

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of pre-acquisition earnings management on the performance of private firm management buyouts. Design/methodology/approach The study examines 291 UK private firms acquired by their managers between 2004 and 2012. Earnings management is investigated by means of cross-sectional discretionary accruals models, and estimated discretionary accruals are regressed on performance changes in the three years following acquisition. Findings Management buyouts of private firms are preceded by earnings overstatement and followed by performance deterioration. Private equity sponsored firms engage less in earnings management and remain more profitable than non-sponsored buyouts. Upward earnings managers cease to outperform industry after second post-buyout year, while aggressive earnings managers do not outperform industry at all. Discretionary total accruals are inversely associated with performance changes in the three years after buyout, and explain over 4 per cent of the changes in performance. Research limitations/implications Pertinent to the utilisation of private firms and their exemption from publishing cash flow statement, the study relies on accrual-based models for tests of earnings management. Originality/value The paper contributes to the mergers and acquisitions literature and value creation debate in buyouts by providing the first tests of earnings management and post-acquisition performance in private firm management buyouts.

A Definition, Description, and Framework For Advanced Practice in Dietetics

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. e4-e11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Ellen (Boyko) Wildish ◽  
Susan Evers
Keyword(s):  
Policy Development ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Job Roles ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Future Education

Purpose: We explored advanced practice (AP) across the diversity of dietetics to develop a definition, description, and framework for guiding future education, research agendas, and policy development. Methods: The process began with a literature review and discussion with dietitians exploring AP in other countries. Various concepts were identified, and these informed the phase 1 survey questions. Phase 1 was a 36-item survey created in SurveyMonkey, engaging a purposeful sample of key stakeholders (n=136). A modified Delphi approach, involving seven dietitians from different geographical locations and practice areas, finalized the phase 2 survey. An e-mail link to this 50-item survey was sent to a random sample of dietitians (n=885). The proposed AP framework entailed an iterative approach, integrating survey results with AP literature. Results: Response rates were 40% for phase 1 and 35% for phase 2. In phase 1, 83% of respondents agreed that a depth and breadth definition captured all dietetic job roles, and 95% agreed that it differentiated AP from entry-level practice. Descriptive statistics are presented to provide demographic information and level of agreement with themes relevant to AP. Conclusions: A framework is presented, and discrepancies with phase 2 results indicate areas for professional development, such as leadership, mentorship, and outcome measurement.

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