scholarly journals Financial Constraints & Collegiate Student Learning: A Behavioral Economics Perspective

Daedalus ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Benjamin Castleman ◽  
Katharine Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
College Completion ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Aid Programs

Gaps in college completion persist between low- and high-income students. These disparities can be attributed in large part to a lack of college affordability and information asymmetries about the process of accessing financial assistance as well as other campus-based resources and supports. While substantial policy investments have been made to address these inequalities, such as expanded financial aid programs and increased investments in college advising, these programs are not always fully utilized by students who might benefit from them. In this essay, we apply a behavioral economics perspective to examine how financial constraints affect students' navigation of the complex processes–financial, academic, and otherwise–required to succeed in American higher education. We conclude with a discussion of evidence-based behavioral strategies that policy-makers and educators can draw on to proactively mitigate these behavioral obstacles and improve student success.

Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs

2005 ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
E. Serova ◽  
O. Shick
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Government Policies ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Farm Inputs

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.

A LOOK INTO THE HISTORY OF THE PREPARATION OF LOCAL PROFESSIONALS IN THE INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-8
Author(s):  
Toshkentboy Pardaev ◽  
◽  
Zhavli Tursunov
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
History Of

In the article : In the second half of the 20 century the process of preparation of local experts in South Uzbekistan industry changes in this field a clear evidence-based analysis of the problematic processes that resulted from the discriminatory policy toward the Soviet government-dominated local policy makers

scholarly journals The Deterministic Evolution Of Illicit Drug Consumption Within a Given Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 139-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusra Bibi Ruhomally ◽  
Nabeelah Banon Jahmeerbaccus ◽  
Muhammad Zaid Dauhoo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Drug Consumption ◽  
Dynamic Evolution ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Epidemic Threshold ◽  
Drug Usage ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Reproduction Numbers

We study the NERA model that describes the dynamic evolution of illicit drug usage in a population. The model consists of nonusers (N) and three categories of drug users: the experimental (E) category, the recreational (R) category and the addict (A) category. Two epidemic threshold term known as the reproduction numbers, R0 and μ are defined and derived. Sensitivity analysis of R0 on the parameters are performed in order to determine their relative importance to illicit drug prevalence. The local and global stability of the equilibrium states are also analysed. We also prove that a transcritical bifurcation occurs at R0 = 1. It is shown that an effective campaign of prevention can help to fight against the prevalence of illicit drug consumption. We demonstrate persistence when R0 > 1 and conditions for the extinction of drug consumption are also established. Numerical simulations are performed to verify our model. Our results show that the NERA model can assist policy makers in targeting prevention for maximum effectiveness and can be used to adopt evidence-based policies to better monitor and quantify drug use trends.

Teaching Strategies to Improve Algebra Learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 108 (9) ◽  
pp. 696-699
Author(s):  
Rose Mary Zbiek ◽  
Matthew R. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Teaching Strategies ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Algebra Learning

Teaching actions and examples accompany three evidence-based recommendations for student success in algebra.

Predicting and testing a silo-free delivery system

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 200-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Florence Pepler ◽  
Joy Pridie ◽  
Steve Brown
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Community Support ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
New Ways Of Working ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Time To Learn ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Future Population

Given the scale and complexity of the challenge of addressing the aging population, increasing demand for complex and integrated care, this article sets out potential opportunities to predict a future without silos, based on international learnings. Examining another country’s health and delivery systems, it is interesting to see the similarities and differences, so we offer some reflections applicable to Canada. These models are breaking down the silos. Imagine a setting where you could collaboratively co-design scenarios, debate, refine policy, and predict future population needs. Using a transformation lab setting, governments and policy-makers, providers, patients, families, and community support groups could collaboratively take the time to learn new ways of working together in a risk-free environment before becoming accountable for delivering targeted outcomes. It is time to implement provincial transformation labs to test local strategies and operational plans to co-design scenarios, use simulation, and test the choices using evidence-based tools.

scholarly journals Development of a Consumer Engagement Framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Lucylynn Lizarondo ◽  
Kate Kennedy ◽  
Debra Kay
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
International Association ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Australian Health ◽  
Group Experience

Objective: The purpose of this project was to develop a Consumer Engagement Model to plan for effective baby boomer engagement to inform policy makers in the healthcare system. This is the first stage of that process. Design: Initial model development for healthcare systems based on literature review and author group experience in evidence-based practice and research, and consumer advocacy and engagement. Setting and population: South Australian health and community service systems, and healthcare professionals that work with baby boomers. Findings: To develop an evidence-based Consumer Engagement Plan, it is recommended that policy makers undertake the four steps outlined in this document to design a question, determine consumer and community segments and scope of engagement, determine the breadth and depth of engagement and address the implications, assess risk and develop strategic partnerships to ensure the Plan is evidencebased,reasonable and achievable. Conclusions: We believe this process provides a framework for planning consumer engagement and for implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review of consumer engagement for policy excellence. We propose to undertake a validation of the model thus populating the model with examples of practice-based strategies and revising the model accordingly. Abbreviations: EBP – Evidence-Based Practice; IAP2 – International Association of Public Participation; PIO – Patient Intervention and Outcome.

scholarly journals Psychiatry in the future

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 277-278
Author(s):  
Frank Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Evidence Based Medicine ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Routine Clinical Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Based Medicine

In an era of evidence-based medicine, policy-makers and researchers are preoccupied by the task of ensuring that advances in research are implemented in routine clinical practice. This preoccupation has spawned a small but growing research industry of its own, with the development of resources such as the Cochrane Collaboration database and journals such as Evidence-Based Mental Health. In this paper, I adopt a philosophically quite unfashionable methodology – introspection – to address the question: how has research affected my practice?

scholarly journals Shortcomings of experimental economics to study human behavior: a reanalysis of Cohn et al. 2014, Nature 516, 86–89, ‘‘Business culture and dishonesty in the banking industry’’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Hupé
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Business Culture ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Modeling And Simulations ◽  
Multiple Selves ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Financial Scandals ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Main Message

In the wake of financial scandals, Cohn and collaborators published a headline-grabber study in the field of behavioral economics. M.C. Villeval (2014) summarized the main message as follows, in News and Views of the Nature issue where the Cohn study was published: the “experiment shows that although bank employees behave honestly on average, their dishonesty increases when they make decisions after having been primed to think about their professional identity.” Cohn et al. thus provide evidence that “the incentives and the business culture developed in the financial sector may undermine the honesty norms of ordinary employees.” This study may have important consequences for policy, since, Villeval continues, “it is crucial to ensure a business culture of honesty in this industry to restore trust in it.” Villeval also argues that “from a scientific perspective, this study […] supports the economic theory of social identity […], links this theory with the economic analysis of lying behavior [… and] shows how behavioural economists can contribute to a broader reflection in science about how people manage their 'multiple selves' ”. Here I show that the use of flawed statistics methods, yet employed routinely in so-called “evidence-based” science, led the authors to distort the “evidence”. I am also using this data-set as an interesting example to explore how we can use modeling and simulations to provide a fair account of the information and uncertainty conveyed by the data, based on Confidence Intervals. I provide the R-code. Based on this paper, I question the contribution of behavioral economics to the understanding of human behavior and conclude with considerations on honesty and science.

scholarly journals Multifunctionality of agriculture, public policies and scientific evidences: Some critical issues of contemporary controversies

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Laurent ◽  
Marielle Berriet-Solliec ◽  
Marc Kirsch ◽  
Pierre Labarthe ◽  
AurélieT AurélieTrouvé
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Evidence Based Practices ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
The Status ◽  
New Situation

Various theoretical models of public policy analysis are used to treat situations of decision-making in which public deciders have to take into account the multifunctionality of agriculture. For some, science-society relations are not really problematical. Others acknowledge the current attempts of these policy-makers to find adequate scientific knowledge, and the difficulties they encounter. These difficulties stem partly from the very content of knowledge produced by research. Could other modes of production be more efficient? The status of the knowledge produced by these approaches is a subject of debate. Bridging the divide between science and policy more effectively is not only a question of knowledge brokerage.Accessibility and reliability of the existing evidences are also problems to be addressed. The debates around evidence-based practices may provide some landmarks in this new situation although they also emphasize the limits of the tools that can be built for this purpose.  

scholarly journals Data for Students: The Potential of Data and Analytics for Student Success

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Leu
Keyword(s):  
Student Success ◽  
Financial Aid ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Data Analytics ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Postsecondary Institutions ◽  
College Completion ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Data Linkages

Postsecondary education is awash in data. Postsecondary institutions track data on students’ demographics, academic performance, course-taking, and financial aid, and have put these data to use, applying data analytics and data science to issues in college completion. Meanwhile, an extensive amount of higher education data are being collected outside of institutions, opening possibilities for data linkages. Newer sources of postsecondary education data could provide an even richer view of student success and improve equity. To explore this potential, this brief describes existing applications of analytics to student success, presents a framework to structure understanding of postsecondary data topics, suggests potential extensions of these data to student success, and describes practical and ethical challenges.

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