Insula and Orbital Frontal Cortex Activity Underlying Emotion Interference Resolution in Working Memory

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2790-2803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Levens ◽  
Elizabeth A. Phelps
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Interference Resolution ◽  
Emotional Interference ◽  
The Right

Previous research has shown that emotional information aids conflict resolution in working memory [WM; Levens, S. M., & Phelps, E. A. Emotion processing effects on interference resolution in working memory. Journal of Emotion, 8, 267–280, 2008]. Using a recency-probes WM paradigm, it was found that positive and negative emotional stimuli reduced the amount of interference created when information that was once relevant conflicted with currently relevant information. To explore the neural mechanisms behind these facilitation effects, an event-related fMRI version of the recency-probes task was conducted using neutral and arousing positive and negative words as stimuli. Results replicate previous findings showing that the left and right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) is involved in the interference resolution of neutral information and reveal that the IFG is involved in the interference resolution of emotional information as well. In addition, ROIs in the right and left anterior insula and in the right orbital frontal cortex (OFC) were identified that appear to underlie emotional interference resolution in WM. We conclude that the IFG underlies neutral and emotional interference resolution, and that additional regions of the anterior insula and OFC may contribute to the facilitation of interference resolution for emotional information. These findings clarify the role of the insula and OFC in affective and executive processing, specifically in WM conflict resolution.

Abnormal prefrontal activity subserving attentional control of emotion in remitted depressed patients during a working memory task with emotional distracters

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kerestes ◽  
C. D. Ladouceur ◽  
S. Meda ◽  
P. J. Nathan ◽  
H. P. Blumberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Emotional Information ◽  
Working Memory Load ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
The Right

BackgroundPatients with major depressive disorder (MDD) show deficits in processing of facial emotions that persist beyond recovery and cessation of treatment. Abnormalities in neural areas supporting attentional control and emotion processing in remitted depressed (rMDD) patients suggests that there may be enduring, trait-like abnormalities in key neural circuits at the interface of cognition and emotion, but this issue has not been studied systematically.MethodNineteen euthymic, medication-free rMDD patients (mean age 33.6 years; mean duration of illness 34 months) and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC; mean age 35.8 years) performed the Emotional Face N-Back (EFNBACK) task, a working memory task with emotional distracter stimuli. We used blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure neural activity in the dorsolateral (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), ventral striatum and amygdala, using a region of interest (ROI) approach in SPM2.ResultsrMDD patients exhibited significantly greater activity relative to HC in the left DLPFC [Brodmann area (BA) 9/46] in response to negative emotional distracters during high working memory load. By contrast, rMDD patients exhibited significantly lower activity in the right DLPFC and left VLPFC compared to HC in response to positive emotional distracters during high working memory load. These effects occurred during accurate task performance.ConclusionsRemitted depressed patients may continue to exhibit attentional biases toward negative emotional information, reflected by greater recruitment of prefrontal regions implicated in attentional control in the context of negative emotional information.

scholarly journals Dynamic Oscillatory Processes Governing Cued Orienting and Allocation of Auditory Attention

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1926-1943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyrki Ahveninen ◽  
Samantha Huang ◽  
John W. Belliveau ◽  
Wei-Tang Chang ◽  
Matti Hämäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Correlation Effect ◽  
Posterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Auditory Attention ◽  
Gamma Activity ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Voluntary Engagement ◽  
Beta Power ◽  
The Right

In everyday listening situations, we need to constantly switch between alternative sound sources and engage attention according to cues that match our goals and expectations. The exact neuronal bases of these processes are poorly understood. We investigated oscillatory brain networks controlling auditory attention using cortically constrained fMRI-weighted magnetoencephalography/EEG source estimates. During consecutive trials, participants were instructed to shift attention based on a cue, presented in the ear where a target was likely to follow. To promote audiospatial attention effects, the targets were embedded in streams of dichotically presented standard tones. Occasionally, an unexpected novel sound occurred opposite to the cued ear to trigger involuntary orienting. According to our cortical power correlation analyses, increased frontoparietal/temporal 30–100 Hz gamma activity at 200–1400 msec after cued orienting predicted fast and accurate discrimination of subsequent targets. This sustained correlation effect, possibly reflecting voluntary engagement of attention after the initial cue-driven orienting, spread from the TPJ, anterior insula, and inferior frontal cortices to the right FEFs. Engagement of attention to one ear resulted in a significantly stronger increase of 7.5–15 Hz alpha in the ipsilateral than contralateral parieto-occipital cortices 200–600 msec after the cue onset, possibly reflecting cross-modal modulation of the dorsal visual pathway during audiospatial attention. Comparisons of cortical power patterns also revealed significant increases of sustained right medial frontal cortex theta power, right dorsolateral pFC and anterior insula/inferior frontal cortex beta power, and medial parietal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex gamma activity after cued versus novelty-triggered orienting (600–1400 msec). Our results reveal sustained oscillatory patterns associated with voluntary engagement of auditory spatial attention, with the frontoparietal and temporal gamma increases being best predictors of subsequent behavioral performance.

scholarly journals The Right Lateral Frontal Cortex Processes Features of Emotional Faces as a Function of Their Likelihood of Occurrence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Forster ◽  
Johannes Hewig ◽  
John JB Allen ◽  
Johannes Rodrigues ◽  
Philipp Ziebell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Stochastic Learning ◽  
Stimulus Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Probabilistic Context

The lateral frontal Cortex serves an important integrative function for converging information from a number of neural networks. It thus provides context and direction to both stimulus processing and accompanying responses. Especially in emotion related processing, the right hemisphere has often been described to serve a special role including a special sensitivity to stochastic learning and model building. In this study, the right inferior frontal gyrus (riFG) of 41 healthy participants was targeted via ultrasound neuromodulation to shed light on the involvement of this area in the representation of probabilistic context information and the processing of currently presented emotional faces. Analyses reveal that the riFG does not directly contribute to processing of currently depicted emotional stimuli but provides for information about the estimated likelihood of occurrence of stimulus features.

scholarly journals Common and distinct patterns of grey matter alterations in borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder: voxel-based meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 215 (01) ◽  
pp. 395-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yu ◽  
Ya-jing Meng ◽  
Xiao-jing Li ◽  
Chengcheng Zhang ◽  
Sugai Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Orbital Frontal Cortex ◽  
The Right

BackgroundWhether borderline personality disorder (BPD) and bipolar disorder are the same or different disorders lacks consistency.AimsTo detect whether grey matter volume (GMV) and grey matter density (GMD) alterations show any similarities or differences between BPD and bipolar disorder.MethodWeb-based publication databases were searched to conduct a meta-analysis of all voxel-based studies that compared BPD or bipolar disorder with healthy controls. We included 13 BPD studies (395 patients with BPD and 415 healthy controls) and 47 bipolar disorder studies (2111 patients with bipolar disorder and 3261 healthy controls). Peak coordinates from clusters with significant group differences were extracted. Effect-size signed differential mapping meta-analysis was performed to analyse peak coordinates of clusters and thresholds (P< 0.005, uncorrected). Conjunction analyses identified regions in which disorders showed common patterns of volumetric alteration. Correlation analyses were also performed.ResultsPatients with BPD showed decreased GMV and GMD in the bilateral medial prefrontal cortex network (mPFC), bilateral amygdala and right parahippocampal gyrus; patients with bipolar disorder showed decreased GMV and GMD in the bilateral medial orbital frontal cortex (mOFC), right insula and right thalamus, and increased GMV and GMD in the right putamen. Multi-modal analysis indicated smaller volumes in both disorders in clusters in the right medial orbital frontal cortex. Decreased bilateral mPFC in BPD was partly mediated by patient age. Increased GMV and GMD of the right putamen was positively correlated with Young Mania Rating Scale scores in bipolar disorder.ConclusionsOur results show different patterns of GMV and GMD alteration and do not support the hypothesis that bipolar disorder and BPD are on the same affective spectrum.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Neural Systems for Visual Orienting and Their Relationships to Spatial Working Memory

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 508-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Corbetta ◽  
J. Michelle Kincade ◽  
Gordon L. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spatial Working Memory ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level Dependent ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Blood Oxygen Level ◽  
Visual Orienting ◽  
Dependent Signal ◽  
The Right

We investigated neural correlates of human visual orienting using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). When subjects voluntarily directed attention to a peripheral location, we recorded robust and sustained signals uniquely from the intraparietal sulcus (IPs) and superior frontal cortex (near the frontal eye field, FEF). In the ventral IPs and FEF only, the blood oxygen level dependent signal was modulated by the direction of attention. The IPs and FEF also maintained the most sustained level of activation during a 7-sec delay, when subjects maintained attention at the peripheral cued location (working memory). Therefore, the IPs and FEF form a dorsal network that controls the endogenous allocation and maintenance of visuospatial attention. A separate right hemisphere network was activated by the detection of targets at unattended locations. Activation was largely independent of the target's location (visual field). This network included among other regions the right temporo-parietal junction and the inferior frontal gyrus. We propose that this cortical network is important for reorienting to sensory events.

scholarly journals Functional Organization for Response Inhibition in the Right Inferior Frontal Cortex of Individual Human Brains

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 6325-6335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akimitsu Suda ◽  
Takahiro Osada ◽  
Akitoshi Ogawa ◽  
Masaki Tanaka ◽  
Koji Kamagata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Inferior Frontal Cortex ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Brains ◽  
Individual Human

Abstract The right inferior frontal cortex (IFC) is critical to response inhibition. The right IFC referred in the human studies of response inhibition is located in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus and the surrounding regions and consists of multiple areas that implement distinct functions. Recent studies using resting-state functional connectivity have parcellated the cerebral cortex and revealed across-subject variability of parcel-based cerebrocortical networks. However, how the right IFC of individual brains is functionally organized and what functional properties the IFC parcels possess regarding response inhibition remain elusive. In the present functional magnetic resonance imaging study, precision functional mapping of individual human brains was adopted to the parcels in the right IFC to evaluate their functional properties related to response inhibition. The right IFC consisted of six modules or subsets of subregions, and the spatial organization of the modules varied considerably across subjects. Each module revealed unique characteristics of brain activity and its correlation to behavior related to response inhibition. These results provide updated functional features of the IFC and demonstrate the importance of individual-focused approaches in studying response inhibition in the right IFC.

scholarly journals Anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus: where ventral and dorsal visual attention systems meet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Cazzoli ◽  
Brigitte C Kaufmann ◽  
Rebecca E Paladini ◽  
René M Müri ◽  
Tobias Nef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Anterior Insula ◽  
Button Press ◽  
Warning Tone ◽  
Attentional Network ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Attention Systems ◽  
The Right ◽  
Dorsal Attentional Network

Abstract The clinical link between spatial and non-spatial attentional aspects in patients with hemispatial neglect is well known; in particular, an increase in alerting can transitorily help to allocate attention towards the contralesional side. In models of attention, this phenomenon is postulated to rely on an interaction between ventral and dorsal cortical networks, subtending non-spatial and spatial attentional aspects, respectively. However, the exact neural underpinnings of the interaction between these two networks are still poorly understood. In the present study, we included 80 right-hemispheric patients with subacute stroke (50% women; age range: 24–96), 33 with and 47 without neglect, as assessed by paper–pencil cancellation tests. The patients performed a computerized task in which they were asked to respond as quickly as possible by button-press to central targets, which were either preceded or not preceded by non-spatial, auditory warning tones. Reaction times in the two different conditions were measured. In neglect patients, a warning tone, enhancing activity within the ventral attentional ‘alerting’ network, could boost the reaction (in terms of shorter reaction times) of the dorsal attentional network to a visual stimulus up to the level of patients without neglect. Critically, using voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping analyses, we show that this effect significantly depends on the integrity of the right anterior insula and adjacent inferior frontal gyrus, i.e., right-hemispheric patients with lesions involving these areas were significantly less likely to show shorter reaction times when a warning tone was presented prior to visual target appearance. We propose that the right anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus are a critical hub through which the ventral attentional network can ‘alert’ and increase the efficiency of the activity of the dorsal attentional network.

scholarly journals Set-and Code-Specific Activation in the Frontal Cortex: An fMRI Study of Encoding and Retrieval of Faces and Words

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen B. McDermott ◽  
Randy L. Buckner ◽  
Steven E. Petersen ◽  
William M. Kelley ◽  
Amy L. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Human Memory ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
The Right ◽  
Unfamiliar Faces

The frontal cortex has been described as playing both “setspecific” and “code-specific” roles in human memory processing. Set specificity refers to the finding of goal-oriented differences in activation patterns (e.g., encoding relative to retrieval). Code specificity refers to the finding of different patterns of activation for different types of stimuli (e.g., verbal/nonverbal). Using a two (code: verbal, nonverbal) by two (set: encoding, retrieval) within-subjects design and fMRI, we explored the influence of type of code and mental set in two regions in the frontal cortex that have been previously shown to be involved in memory. A region in the dorsal extent of the inferior frontal gyrus (BA 6/44) demonstrated code-specific effects. Specifically, an interaction of material type with hemisphere was obtained, such that words produced predominantly left-lateralized activation, whereas unfamiliar faces elicited predominantly right-lateralized activation. A region of the right frontal polar cortex (in or near BA 10), which has been activated in many memory retrieval studies, showed set-specific activation in that it was more active during retrieval than encoding. These data demonstrate that distinct regions in the frontal cortex contribute in systematic yet different ways to human memory processing.

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