scholarly journals Overlap between the Neural Correlates of Cued Recall and Source Memory: Evidence for a Generic Recollection Network?

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1127-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki R. Hayama ◽  
Kaia L. Vilberg ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Study Item ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Form Part ◽  
To Come ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Successful Recall ◽  
Source Retrieval

Recall of a studied item and retrieval of its encoding context (source memory) both depend on recollection of qualitative information about the study episode. This study investigated whether recall and source memory engage overlapping neural regions. Participants (n = 18) studied a series of words, which were presented either to the left or right of fixation. fMRI data were collected during a subsequent test phase in which three-letter word-stems were presented, two thirds of which could be completed by a study item. Instructions were to use each stem as a cue to recall a studied word and, when recall was successful, to indicate the word's study location. When recall failed, the stem was to be completed with the first word to come to mind. Relative to stems for which recall failed, word-stems eliciting successful recall were associated with enhanced activity in a variety of cortical regions, including bilateral parietal, posterior midline, and parahippocampal cortex. Activity in these regions was enhanced when recall was accompanied by successful rather than unsuccessful source retrieval. It is proposed that the regions form part of a “recollection network” in which activity is graded according to the amount of information retrieved about a study episode.

scholarly journals Content tuning in the medial temporal lobe cortex: Voxels that perceive, retrieve

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidrun Schultz ◽  
Roni Tibon ◽  
Karen F. LaRocque ◽  
Stephanie A. Gagnon ◽  
Anthony D. Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Positive Linear Relationship ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Neural Populations ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Successful Recall ◽  
Past Experiences

AbstractHow do we recall vivid details from our past based only on sparse cues? Research suggests that the phenomenological reinstatement of past experiences is accompanied by neural reinstatement of the original percept. This process critically depends on the medial temporal lobe (MTL). Within the MTL, perirhinal cortex (PRC) and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) are thought to support encoding and recall of objects and scenes, respectively, with the hippocampus (HC) serving as a content-independent hub. If the fidelity of recall indeed arises from neural reinstatement of perceptual activity, then successful recall should preferentially draw upon those neural populations within content-sensitive MTL cortex that are tuned to the same content during perception. We tested this hypothesis by having eighteen human participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they encoded and recalled objects and scenes paired with words. Critically, recall was cued with the words only. While HC distinguished successful from unsuccessful recall of both objects and scenes, PRC and PHC were preferentially engaged during successful vs. unsuccessful object and scene recall, respectively. Importantly, within PRC and PHC, this content-sensitive recall was predicted by content tuning during perception: Across PRC voxels, we observed a positive linear relationship between object tuning during perception and successful object recall, while across PHC voxels, we observed a positive linear relationship between scene tuning during perception and successful scene recall. Our results thus highlight content-based roles of MTL cortical regions for episodic memory and reveal a direct mapping between content-specific tuning during perception and successful recall.

scholarly journals Producing and projecting data: Aesthetic practices of government data portals

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 205395171985331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Ratner ◽  
Evelyn Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
Data Cleaning ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Open Government ◽  
Statistical System ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Critical Attention ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Government Data ◽  
To Come

We develop the concept of ‘aesthetic practices’ to capture the work needed for population data to be disseminated via government data portals. Specifically, we look at the Census Hub of the European Statistical System and the Danish Ministry of Education’s Data Warehouse. These portals form part of open government data initiatives, which we understand as governing technologies. We argue that to function as such, aesthetic practices are required so that data produced at dispersed sites can be brought into relation and projected as populations in forms such as bar charts, heat maps and tables. Two examples of aesthetic practices are analysed based on ethnographic studies we have conducted on the production of data for the Hub and Warehouse: metadata and data cleaning. Metadata enables data to come into relation by containing and accounting for (some of) the differences between data. Data cleaning deals with the indeterminacies and absences of data and involves algorithms to determine what values data can obtain so they can be brought into relation. We attend to how both aesthetic practices involve normative decisions that make absent what exceeds them: embodied knowledge that cannot or has not been documented as well as data that cannot meet the forms required of data portals. While these aesthetic practices are necessary to sustain data portals as ‘sites of projection,’ we also bring critical attention to their performative effects for knowing, enacting and governing populations.

The Apocalypse of John and the Liturgy of the Ancient Church

1951 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto A. Piper
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
The World ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Literary Device ◽  
Historical Viewpoint ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Church ◽  
Apocalypse Of John

Interpretations of the last book of the New Testament usually dwell upon its visions of things to come. Except for its prayers and hymns, however, little attention has been paid to its liturgical character. This fact is the more surprising since it is just in that respect that the Apocalypse of John differs mostly strikingly from other Jewish and Christian apocalyptic writings. Its visions are presented within a framework of liturgical activities, and toward the end of the book it is hardly possible to dissociate the acts of worship from the visions of the future. This close relationship shows that its liturgical portions are not a purely literary device. Rather in the Seer's mind they form part of the revelatory process itself representing the reaction of initiated creatures to the gradual disclosure of the saving purpose of God and its execution. From the historical viewpoint, this liturgical framework of the Apocalypse of John is interesting, because it contains a number of features which, in a similar manner, occur also in the liturgies of the Ancient Church. Thus it is from the liturgical character of the Apocalypse that the historical development of the Christian liturgy becomes intelligible. Out of the perplexing diversity of its types, the formative principle of its early stages emerges, and a number of motives become visible, some of which have determined its history to the present day. Others, which have no longer a vital role assigned to them, were, nevertheless, preserved on account of the significance originally attached to them. Among these features I mention the ideas of the Eucharistic Parousia, the Church's participation in the angelic worship, the emphasis placed upon the worthiness of the interpreter of Scripture, the connection between the Confession of Sins and the Eucharist, the separation of the believers and unbelievers prior to the heavenly meal, the celebration of the Eucharist as an act of the Church in its cosmic totality, the association of the Eucharist with the Judgment of the World, and the interpretation of the liturgy as a spiritual battle. It will suffice to single out two of these features, which for their lack of centrality in the liturgies are particularly apt to illustrate our point, viz. the participation of the Church in the angelic worship, and the worthiness of the interpreter of Scripture.

scholarly journals Representations of local spatial information in the human medial temporal lobe during memory-guided navigation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shao-Fang Wang ◽  
Valerie A. Carr ◽  
Serra E. Favila ◽  
Jeremy N. Bailenson ◽  
Thackery I. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior

AbstractThe hippocampus (HC) and surrounding medial temporal lobe (MTL) cortical regions play a critical role in spatial navigation and episodic memory. However, it remains unclear how the interaction between the HC’s conjunctive coding and mnemonic differentiation contributes to neural representations of spatial environments. Multivariate functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyses enable examination of how human HC and MTL cortical regions encode multidimensional spatial information to support memory-guided navigation. We combined high-resolution fMRI with a virtual navigation paradigm in which participants relied on memory of the environment to navigate to goal locations in two different virtual rooms. Within each room, participants were cued to navigate to four learned locations, each associated with one of two reward values. Pattern similarity analysis revealed that when participants successfully arrived at goal locations, activity patterns in HC and parahippocampal cortex (PHC) represented room-goal location conjunctions and activity patterns in HC subfields represented room-reward-location conjunctions. These results add to an emerging literature revealing hippocampal conjunctive representations during goal-directed behavior.

scholarly journals Reward Modulation of Hippocampal Subfield Activation during Successful Associative Encoding and Retrieval

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1532-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sasha M. Wolosin ◽  
Dagmar Zeithamova ◽  
Alison R. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Memory Formation ◽  
Cued Recall ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Retrieval Processes ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Encoding And Retrieval

Emerging evidence suggests that motivation enhances episodic memory formation through interactions between medial-temporal lobe (MTL) structures and dopaminergic midbrain. In addition, recent theories propose that motivation specifically facilitates hippocampal associative binding processes, resulting in more detailed memories that are readily reinstated from partial input. Here, we used high-resolution fMRI to determine how motivation influences associative encoding and retrieval processes within human MTL subregions and dopaminergic midbrain. Participants intentionally encoded object associations under varying conditions of reward and performed a retrieval task during which studied associations were cued from partial input. Behaviorally, cued recall performance was superior for high-value relative to low-value associations; however, participants differed in the degree to which rewards influenced memory. The magnitude of behavioral reward modulation was associated with reward-related activation changes in dentate gyrus/CA2,3 during encoding and enhanced functional connectivity between dentate gyrus/CA2,3 and dopaminergic midbrain during both the encoding and retrieval phases of the task. These findings suggests that, within the hippocampus, reward-based motivation specifically enhances dentate gyrus/CA2,3 associative encoding mechanisms through interactions with dopaminergic midbrain. Furthermore, within parahippocampal cortex and dopaminergic midbrain regions, activation associated with successful memory formation was modulated by reward across the group. During the retrieval phase, we also observed enhanced activation in hippocampus and dopaminergic midbrain for high-value associations that occurred in the absence of any explicit cues to reward. Collectively, these findings shed light on fundamental mechanisms through which reward impacts associative memory formation and retrieval through facilitation of MTL and ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra processing.

Source memory in the absence of successful cued recall.

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 828-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel I. Cook ◽  
Richard L. Marsh ◽  
Jason L. Hicks
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Cued Recall

Neural correlates of encoding processes predicting subsequent cued recall and source memory

Neuroreport ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Angel ◽  
Michel Isingrini ◽  
Badiâa Bouazzaoui ◽  
Séverine Fay
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Cued Recall

scholarly journals Neural overlap in item representations across episodes impairs context memory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghootae Kim ◽  
Kenneth A. Norman ◽  
Nicholas B. Turk-Browne
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Subsequent Test ◽  
Pattern Similarity ◽  
Initial Item ◽  
Shared Component ◽  
Context Memory

AbstractWe frequently encounter the same item in different contexts, and when that happens, memories of earlier encounters can get reactivated in the brain. Here we examined how these existing memories are changed as a result of such reactivation. We hypothesized that when an item’s initial and subsequent neural representations overlap, this allows the initial item to become associated with novel contextual information, interfering with later retrieval of the initial context. That is, we predicted a negative relationship between representational similarity across repeated experiences of an item and subsequent source memory for the initial context. We tested this hypothesis in an fMRI study, in which objects were presented multiple times during different tasks. We measured the similarity of the neural patterns in lateral occipital cortex that were elicited by the first and second presentations of objects, and related this neural overlap score to source memory in a subsequent test. Consistent with our hypothesis, greater item-specific pattern similarity was linked to worse source memory for the initial task. Our findings suggest that the influence of novel experiences on an existing context memory depends on how reliably a shared component (i.e., same item) is represented across these episodes.

scholarly journals Dissociable medial temporal pathways for encoding emotional item and context information

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen Ritchey ◽  
Shao-Fang Wang ◽  
Andrew P. Yonelinas ◽  
Charan Ranganath
Keyword(s):  
Source Memory ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobes ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Double Dissociation ◽  
Parahippocampal Cortex ◽  
Hippocampal Activity ◽  
Amygdala Activity

AbstractEmotional experiences are typically remembered with a greater sense of recollection than neutral experiences, but memory benefits for emotional items do not typically extend to their source contexts. Item and source memory have been attributed to different subregions of the medial temporal lobes (MTL), but it is unclear how emotional item recollection fits into existing models of MTL function and, in particular, what is the role of the hippocampus. To address these issues, we used high-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine MTL contributions to successful emotional item and context encoding. The results showed that emotional items were recollected more often than neutral items. Whereas amygdala and perirhinal cortex (PRC) activity supported the recollection advantage for emotional items, hippocampal and parahippocampal cortex activity predicted subsequent source memory for both types of items, reflecting a double dissociation between anterior and posterior MTL regions. In addition, amygdala activity during encoding modulated the relationships of PRC activity and hippocampal activity to subsequent item recollection and source memory, respectively. Specifically, whereas PRC activity best predicted subsequent item recollection when amygdala activity was relatively low, hippocampal activity best predicted source memory when amygdala activity was relatively high. We interpret these findings in terms of complementary compared to synergistic amygdala-MTL interactions. The results suggest that emotion-related enhancements in item recollection are supported by an amygdala-PRC pathway, which is separable from the hippocampal pathway that binds items to their source context.

scholarly journals Letter to a Dead Playwright: Daily Grind, Vicki Reynolds, and Archive Fever

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
Glenn D'Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Jacques Derrida ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Spectral Structure ◽  
Open Letter ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Colonial Literature ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Form Part ◽  
The Future ◽  
To Come

’Nothing is less reliable, nothing is less clear today than the word “archive”,’ observed Jacques Derrida in his book Archive Fever: a Freudian Impression (1996). This paper reflects on the unsettling process of establishing (or commencing) an archive for the Melbourne Workers Theatre, to form part of the AusStage digital archive which records information on live performance in Australia. Glenn D'Cruz's paper juxtaposes two disparate but connected registers of writing: an open letter to a deceased Australian playwright, Vicki Reynolds, and a critical reflection on the politics of the archive with reference to Derrida's account of archive fever, which he characterizes as an ‘irrepressible desire to return to the origin, a homesickness, a nostalgia for the return to the most archaic place of absolute commencement’. Using Derrida's commentary on questions of memory, authority, inscription, hauntology, and heritage to identify some of the philosophical and ethical aporias he encountered while working on the project, D’Cruz pays particular attention to what Derrida calls the spectral structure of the archive, and stages a conversation with the ghosts that haunt the digitized Melbourne Workers Theatre documents. He also unpacks the logic of Derrida's so-called messianic account of the archive, which ‘opens out of the future’, thereby affirming the future-to-come, and unsettling the normative notion of the archive as a repository for what has passed. Glenn D’Cruz teaches at Deakin University, Australia. He is the author of Midnight's Orphans: Anglo-Indians in Post/Colonial Literature (Peter Lang, 2006) and editor of Class Act: Melbourne Workers Theatre 1987–2007 (Vulgar Press, 2007).

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