Electrical Coupling Promotes Fidelity of Responses in the Networks of Model Neurons

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3057-3078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Input Signal ◽  
Electrical Coupling ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Dendritic Morphology ◽  
Integrate And Fire ◽  
Random Fluctuations ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Influence Of Noise

We consider an integrate-and-fire element subject to randomly perturbed synaptic input and an electrically coupled ensemble of such elements. The latter is interpreted as either a model of electrically coupled population of neurons or a multicompartment model of a dendrite. Random fluctuations blur the input signal and cause false responses in the system dynamics. For instance, under the influence of noise, the system may respond with an action potential to a subthreshold stimulus. We show that the responses of the elements within the network are more reliable than the responses of the same elements in isolation. Specifically, we show that the variances of the stochastic processes generated by the coupled model can be made arbitrarily small (i.e., the network responses can be made arbitrarily accurate) by increasing the number of elements in the network and the strength of electrical coupling. Our results suggest that the organization of cells in electrically coupled groups on the network level, or the dendritic morphology on the cellular level, may be involved in the filtering noise and therefore may play an important role in the information processing mechanisms operating on the network or cellular level respectively.

Perspectives on the Field of Cognitive Informatics and its Future Development

2012 ◽  
pp. 20-34
Author(s):  
Yingxu Wang ◽  
Bernard Carlos Widrow ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Witold Kinsner ◽  
Kenji Sugawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Future Development ◽  
External Information ◽  
Cognitive Computing ◽  
Cognitive Informatics ◽  
Internal Information ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Science Information

The contemporary wonder of sciences and engineering has recently refocused on the beginning point of: how the brain processes internal and external information autonomously and cognitively rather than imperatively like conventional computers. Cognitive Informatics (CI) is a transdisciplinary enquiry of computer science, information sciences, cognitive science, and intelligence science that investigates the internal information processing mechanisms and processes of the brain and natural intelligence, as well as their engineering applications in cognitive computing. This paper reports a set of eight position statements presented in the plenary panel of IEEE ICCI’10 on Cognitive Informatics and Its Future Development contributed from invited panelists who are part of the world’s renowned researchers and scholars in the field of cognitive informatics and cognitive computing.

Selective Effects of Physical Exercise on Choice Reaction Processes

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Arcelin ◽  
Didier Delignieres ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Time Uncertainty ◽  
Reaction Processes ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of an exercise of moderate intensity (60% of maximal aerobic power) on specific information-processing mechanisms. 22 students completed 3 10-min. exercise bouts on a bicycle ergometer. Concomitantly, participants performed six manual choice-reaction tasks manipulating task variables (Signal Intensity, Stimulus–Response Compatibility, and Time Uncertainty) on two levels. Reaction tests, randomly ordered, were administered at rest and during exercise. A significant underadditive interaction between Time Uncertainty and exercise was found for the highest quartiles of the distribution of reaction times. No other interaction effects were obtained for the other variables. These results reasonably support that moderate aerobic exercise showed selective rather than general influences on information processing.

Got a plan in the pipeline? Nominating committee’s information processing in executive successions

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 2200-2217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Walther ◽  
Andrea Calabrò ◽  
Michèle Morner
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leadership Structure ◽  
Nominating Committees ◽  
Board Chair Leadership ◽  
Succession Processes ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how information-processing mechanisms between nominating committees (NCs), incumbent executives, board chairs, and shareholders affect the comprehensiveness of executive succession processes. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ an explanatory multiple-case study that comprises eight CEO and CFO succession cases in large German publicly traded firms. Findings The findings reveal that comprehensiveness is determined by four key information-processing mechanisms: the effectiveness of NC’s information sharing, absorbing disagreement, and integrating heterogeneous opinions; board chair leadership (i.e. an apprentice board leadership structure in association with the board chair’s openness to ideas); the breadth and depth of information sharing between executives and NCs; and the extent and timing to which major shareholders influence succession processes. Research limitations/implications The authors summarize the findings in a conceptual framework and develop a set of propositions to guide future research on the topic. Such studies may want to test the suggestions in a quantitative way, preferably in a multinational context. Originality/value The authors’ emerging conceptual framework contributes a set of information-processing variables by which NCs engage in comprehensive executive successions with incumbent executives, board chairs, and major shareholders and offers a multiechelon approach to study executive successions.

scholarly journals Simulation of Arrhythmogenic Effect of Rogue RyRs in Failing Heart by Using a Coupled Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Lu ◽  
Ling Xia ◽  
Xiuwei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
Failing Heart ◽  
Arrhythmogenic Effect ◽  
Delayed Afterdepolarizations

Cardiac cells with heart failure are usually characterized by impairment of Ca2+handling with smaller SR Ca2+store and high risk of triggered activities. In this study, we developed a coupled model by integrating the spatiotemporal Ca2+reaction-diffusion system into the cellular electrophysiological model. With the coupled model, the subcellular Ca2+dynamics and global cellular electrophysiology could be simultaneously traced. The proposed coupled model was then applied to study the effects of rogue RyRs on Ca2+cycling and membrane potential in failing heart. The simulation results suggested that, in the presence of rogue RyRs, Ca2+dynamics is unstable and Ca2+waves are prone to be initiated spontaneously. These release events would elevate the membrane potential substantially which might induce delayed afterdepolarizations or triggered action potentials. Moreover, the variation of membrane potential depolarization is indicated to be dependent on the distribution density of rogue RyR channels. This study provides a new possible arrhythmogenic mechanism for heart failure from subcellular to cellular level.

scholarly journals Survey of Radio Navigation Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Gilski ◽  
Jacek Stefański
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Navigation Systems ◽  
Consumer Behavior Analysis ◽  
Radio Navigation ◽  
Pedestrian Navigation ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
Wireless Positioning ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Abstract At present, there is a growing demand for radio navigation systems, ranging from pedestrian navigation to consumer behavior analysis. These systems have been successfully used in many applications and have become very popular in recent years. In this paper we present a review of selected wireless positioning solutions operating in both indoor and outdoor environments. We describe different positioning techniques, methods, systems, as well as information processing mechanisms

scholarly journals Using optically-pumped magnetometers to measure magnetoencephalographic signals in the human cerebellum

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hsuan Lin ◽  
Tim M Tierney ◽  
Niall Holmes ◽  
Elena Boto ◽  
James Leggett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Source Inversion ◽  
Optically Pumped ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Human Cerebellum ◽  
Stimulus Source ◽  
Processing Mechanisms ◽  
Proof Of Principle

AbstractWe test the feasibility of an optically pumped magnetometer-magnetoencephalographic (OP-MEG) system for the measurement of human cerebellar activity. This is to our knowledge the first study investigating the human cerebellar electrophysiology using OPMs. As a proof of principle, we use an air-puff stimulus to the eyeball in order to elicit cerebellar activity that is well characterised in non-human models. In three subjects, we observe an evoked component at approx. 50ms post-stimulus, followed by a second component at approx. 85-115 ms post-stimulus. Source inversion localises both components in the cerebellum, while control experiments exclude potential sources elsewhere. We also assess the induced oscillations, with time-frequency decompositions, and identify the source in the occipital lobe, a region expected to be active in our paradigm. We conclude that the OP-MEG technology offers a promising way to advance the understanding of the information processing mechanisms in the human cerebellum.

Regression toward the Mean or Heuristic Processing in Detecting Deception?: Reply to Elaad (2010)

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Masip ◽  
Eugenio Garrido ◽  
Carmen Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Detecting Deception ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Regression Toward The Mean ◽  
Random Fluctuations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Heuristic Processing

Masip, et al. (2009) conducted a study in which observers had to make truth–lie judgments at the beginning, middle, or end of a series of videotaped statements. They found a decline in truth judgments over time and explained this finding in terms of information processing mode. Recently, Elaad (2010) challenged this explanation and contended that the decline could be a result of regression toward the mean. In the present paper, it is argued that because Masip, et al. took multiple Moment 1 judgments over time and then averaged across judgments, regression toward the mean was extremely unlikely. Furthermore, the decrease in truth judgments was found under several separate conditions; this cannot be explained by random fluctuations alone. Finally, Masip, et al.'s data were re-analyzed adjusting for the effects of regression toward the mean. The outcomes of these analyses were the same as those reported in the original article.

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