Effects of plant species and plant diversity on soil nematodes – a field experiment on grassland run for seven years

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Sohlenius ◽  
Maria Viketoft ◽  
Sven Boström
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Nematode Fauna

AbstractPlant species identity and diversity may greatly influence the composition of the nematode fauna. In this study the development of the nematode fauna was followed in a field experiment on arable soil with monocultures and mixtures of several plant species. Experimental plots were sown with one, four or 12 species of grass, legumes and forbs and were sampled four times in 7 years. Nematode diversity was little influenced by plant diversity. Due to a pronounced increase of Paratylenchus projectus populations, the Shannon diversity index decreased in several treatments towards the end of the experiment. Differences in nematode faunal composition among treatments increased with time. In spite of the rather long duration of the experiment, the faunal composition did not stabilise but changed continuously. The obligate plant feeders Tylenchorhynchus dubius, T. maximus and Pratylenchus spp. occurred in higher numbers in monocultures than in mixtures of several plant species. Among the microbivores, the abundance of some bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematode taxa seemed to be directly influenced by the plant species identity. In the plots with Trifolium spp. there was an increase of rapidly growing bacterial feeders belonging to Rhabditidae and Panagrolaimidae already after the first growing season. The abundances of some bacterial-feeding nematodes were correlated to total plant production. The numbers of the omnivorous Mesodorylaimus sp. appeared to be influenced by the degree of plant coverage. The abundance of several nematode taxa appeared to be little influenced by the composition of the vegetation. The plant feeder P. projectus and the bacterial feeder Prismatolaimus sp. reacted rather slowly and a distinct increase in numbers was only seen after 7 years, when P. projectus strongly dominated the fauna in several treatments. Among the bacterial feeders, some species with moderate growth rate belonging to Cephalobidae decreased with time in several treatments.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere bacterial community composition depends on plant diversity legacy in soil and plant species identity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Schmid ◽  
Terhi Hahl ◽  
Sofia J. van Moorsel ◽  
Cameron Wagg ◽  
Gerlinde B. De Deyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Soil Biodiversity

AbstractSoil microbes are known to be involved in a number of essential ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling, plant productivity and the maintenance of plant species diversity. However, how plant species diversity and identity affect soil microbial diversity and community composition is largely unknown. We tested whether, over the course of 11 years, distinct soil bacterial communities developed under plant monocultures and mixtures, and if over this timeframe plants with a monoculture or mixture history changed in the microbial communities they associated with. For eight species, we grew offspring of plants that had been grown for 11 years in the same monocultures or mixtures (monoculture- or mixture-type plants) in pots inoculated with microbes extracted from the monoculture and mixture soils. After five months of growth in the glasshouse, we collected rhizosphere soil from each plant and used 16S-rRNA gene sequencing to determine the community composition and diversity of the bacterial communities. Microbial community structure in the plant rhizosphere was primarily determined by soil legacy (monoculture vs. mixture soil) and by plant species identity, but not by plant legacy (monoculture- vs. mixture-type plants). In seven out of the eight plant species bacterial abundance was larger when inoculated with microbes from mixture soil. We conclude that plant diversity can strongly affect belowground community composition and diversity, feeding back to the assemblage of rhizosphere microbial communities in newly establishing plants. Thereby our work demonstrates that concerns for plant biodiversity loss are also concerns for soil biodiversity loss.

scholarly journals Effects of plant community history, soil legacy and plant diversity on soil microbial communities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc W. Schmid ◽  
Sofia J. van Moorsel ◽  
Terhi Hahl ◽  
Enrica De Luca ◽  
Gerlinde B. Deyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Community History ◽  
Soil Legacy ◽  
Bacterial Richness

AbstractPlant and soil microbial diversity are linked through a range of interactions, including the exchange of carbon and nutrients but also herbivory and pathogenic effects. Over time, associations between plant communities and their soil microbiota may strengthen and become more specific, resulting in stronger associations between plant and soil microbial diversity. We tested this hypothesis in a 4-year long field experiment in which we factorially combined plant community history and soil legacy with plant diversity (1, 2, 4, 8, 60 species). Plant community history and soil legacy refer to the presence (“old”) or absence (“new”) of a common history of plants and soils in 52 different plant species compositions during 8 years in a long-term biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany. After 4 years of growth, we took soil samples in the new field experiment and determined soil bacterial and fungal composition in terms of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using 16S rRNA gene and ITS DNA sequencing. Plant community history did not affect overall soil community composition but differentially affected bacterial richness and abundances of specific bacteria taxa in association with particular plant species compositions. Soil legacy markedly increased soil bacterial richness and evenness and decreased fungal evenness. Soil fungal richness increased with plant species richness, regardless of plant community history or soil legacy, with the strongest difference between plant monocultures and mixtures. Particular plant species compositions and functional groups were associated with particular bacterial and fungal community compositions. Grasses increased and legumes decreased fungal richness and evenness. Our findings indicate that as experimental ecosystems varying in plant diversity develop over 8 years, plant species associate with specific soil microbial taxa. This can have long-lasting effects on belowground community composition in re-assembled plant communities, as reflected in strong soil legacy signals still visible after 4 years of growing new plant communities. Effects of plant community history on soil communities are subtle and may take longer to fully develop.

scholarly journals Riparian plant diversity in relation to artisanal mining sites in Cikidang River, Banten, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noverita Dian Takarina ◽  
Ika Lina Sinaga ◽  
Tri Rifqoh Umi Kulsum
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Artisanal Mining ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Riparian Plant

Abstract. Takarina ND, Sinaga IL, Kultsum TR. 2021. Riparian plant diversity in relation to artisanal mining sites in Cikidang River, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 401-407. Artisanal mining usually occurs in gold mining activities near the river banks and consequently, this will affect the downstream ecosystem include riparian habitat and its plant diversity. Here, this study aimed to assess the effects of artisanal mining sites on the riparian plant diversity in Cikidang River, Lebak District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted by placing 10 sampling stations along 4 km of Cikidang River with width of 20 m. Riparian plant species were collected and identified from 10 m x 10 m sampling plots in each station. Plant diversity was assessed using Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalef, and Pielou indices. There were in total 18 families and 42 plant species have been identified. Compositae and Poaceae were plant families that common here. Ageratum conyzoides was the most common species followed by Impatiens platypetala, Cibadium surinamense, Wollastonia biflora, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Pityrogramma calomelanos. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was in the range of 1.040-1.561. There was a positive correlation between riparian diversity with the distance to mining sites with decreasing diversity trends toward artisanal mining sites. Riparian habitats located far (> 1 km) from the mining sites have more species. While species observed in riparian habitats near (0.3-1 km) the mining sites were accounted only for 26.1% of total species found. To conclude, the presence of artisanal mining sites can affect the nearby riparian plant diversity.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Study and Plant Diversity in the Forest of Kedarnath Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandi Prasad ◽  
Ramesh C. Sharma ◽  
Rahul Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Kedarnath Valley

The present study was carried out in the forest of Kedarnath valley in Garhwal Himalaya. The aim of the study was to access the diversity status and ecological status. The study was conducted following the stratified sampling techniques by placing quadrates (1m×1m) for herbs, (5m×5m) for shrubs, and (10m×10m) size for trees in the forest area. A total number of 221 plant species were recorded during the floristic survey in the project area. Plant diversity of the project area encompasses 49 species of trees, 28 species of shrubs, and 144 species of herbs. Important value index, the Shannon diversity index, and total basal area species were recorded. The tree density in the present study was highest in the Kedarnath valley which ranged from 0.3 to 8.5 no./ha. Shrub density in the present study varied from 0.4 to 13.5 no./ha, whereas herb density ranged between 0.2 to 22.4 no.ha-1. Total basal cover (TBC) for trees showed a range of 9.542 to 0.075 m2.ha-1, and the Shannon diversity index (H) for tree species was recorded from a minimum of 0.976 to a maximum of 3.048. The horrific disaster in the Kedarnath valley in 2013 caused a lot of damage to the bugyals (High altitude grass) and forests of the valley. About 500 species of vesicular medicinal plants, fodder plants, and other important plant species were washed away (Botanical Survey of India 2015). The current study is a pioneer in the aspect and can be helpful in making district forest plans, protocols, and implementation of forest policy to protect the forest by local people.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and distribution pattern of herbaceous plant diversity in fallow lands of the central districts of Punjab, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15864-15880
Author(s):  
Jashanpreet Kaur ◽  
Rajni Sharma ◽  
Pushp Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Fallow Lands

This study explores the change in composition of herbaceous plants with change in season and site in the fallow lands of central districts of Punjab, India.  Overall 41 plant species were reported from studied sites.  Poaceae and Asteraceae were recorded as dominant families with seven and six plant species, respectively.  Density and IVI values of perennial plant species were recorded to be the maximum from July to September and for annuals maximum values were from February to March and from July to September.  Diversity indices like Shannon Wiener index, evenness index, Menhinick index, and Simpson diversity index values showed variation with season and site.  Similarity index value between studied sites was recorded to be the minimum in July (0.45) which indicates a maximum value of dissimilarity index in this month.  The information generated in this study can be exploited by researchers for conservation of natural plant diversity and timely assessments of such areas help to study climate change. ,,,,,.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Diversity on Forest Plant Species Abundance: A Case Study from Central-European Highlands

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Pavel Samec ◽  
Jiří Volánek ◽  
Miloš Kučera ◽  
Pavel Cudlín
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Plant Distribution ◽  
Soil Diversity ◽  
Abiotic Environment ◽  
Soil Group ◽  
Biogeographical Regions ◽  
Forest Distribution

Plant distribution is most closely associated with the abiotic environment. The abiotic environment affects plant species’ abundancy unevenly. The asymmetry is further deviated by human interventions. Contrarily, soil properties preserve environmental influences from the anthropogenic perturbations. The study examined the supra-regional similarities of soil effects on plant species’ abundance in temperate forests to determine: (i) spatial relationships between soil property and forest-plant diversity among geographical regions; (ii) whether the spatial dependencies among compared forest-diversity components are influenced by natural forest representation. The spatial dependence was assessed using geographically weighted regression (GWR) of soil properties and plant species abundance from forest stands among 91 biogeographical regions in the Czech Republic (Central Europe). Regional soil properties and plant species abundance were acquired from 7550 national forest inventory plots positioned in a 4 × 4 km grid. The effect of natural forests was assessed using linear regression between the sums of squared GWR residues and protected forest distribution in the regions. Total diversity of forest plants is significantly dependent on soil-group representation. The soil-group effect is more significant than that of bedrock bodies, most of all in biogeographical regions with protected forest representation >50%. Effects of soil chemical properties were not affected by protected forest distribution. Spatial dependency analysis separated biogeographical regions of optimal forest plant diversity from those where inadequate forest-ecosystem diversity should be increased alongside soil diversity.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

Temporal and spatial variability in the community structure of the fauna of four sandy beaches in south-eastern New South Wales.

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 663 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Dexter
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Four intertidal sandy beaches with different exposures, La Perouse, Ocean Beach, Dolls Point, and Towra Point, were studied for temporal and spatial changes in faunal composition and community structure. Each of these beaches was sampled from 6 to 12 times between July 1980 and July 1981 using a 500 �m sieve. A stratified random sampling procedure across the intertidal zone isolated 40 660 individuals representing 85 species. Distribution and abundance of species were strongly influenced by tidal level. Densities changed during the year but no seasonal changes in intertidal zonation patterns were found. Changes in density were correlated with the reproductive activities of the abundant species, especially Pseudolana concinna and Exoediceros maculosus at La Perouse, and Spio pacifica at Dolls Point and Towra Point. The number of species increased from high to low tide, and also increased with decreasing exposure to wave action. Crustaceans dominated the fauna in the most exposed site and decreased in abundance with increasing protection. Ocean Beach experienced the least fluctuation in physical factors such as wave action, salinity, and temperature, and its fauna exhibited the highest diversity index (H') and evenness (J'), the most stable density, and the greatest stability in faunal composition through time. The highest densities and the most species were found at Towra Point, which also was the most protected site.

Plant induced spatial distribution of nematodes in a semi-natural grassland

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Nematode Fauna

AbstractThis study describes the nematode community in a semi-natural grassland and investigates if certain individual plant species can cause a spatial structure in the nematode fauna. Nematode communities were analysed in soil under Trifolium repens, Festuca ovina and from randomly taken samples. Seventy-nine nematode genera were identified. Some of the species found have not previously been reported from Sweden. Multivariate analysis separated the nematode communities associated with the two selected plant species from each other, and several individual nematode genera differed in abundance between the plant species. Trifolium repens supported greater populations of the plant feeder Tylenchorhynchus and the bacterial feeders Eucephalobus, Chiloplacus, Eumonhystera and Panagrolaimus, but fewer numbers of the bacterial feeder Achromadora. Soil under F. ovina contained more nematodes from the family Alaimidae. A comparison is given with other studies from grassland systems in Sweden.

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