scholarly journals Floristic composition and distribution pattern of herbaceous plant diversity in fallow lands of the central districts of Punjab, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15864-15880
Author(s):  
Jashanpreet Kaur ◽  
Rajni Sharma ◽  
Pushp Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Fallow Lands

This study explores the change in composition of herbaceous plants with change in season and site in the fallow lands of central districts of Punjab, India.  Overall 41 plant species were reported from studied sites.  Poaceae and Asteraceae were recorded as dominant families with seven and six plant species, respectively.  Density and IVI values of perennial plant species were recorded to be the maximum from July to September and for annuals maximum values were from February to March and from July to September.  Diversity indices like Shannon Wiener index, evenness index, Menhinick index, and Simpson diversity index values showed variation with season and site.  Similarity index value between studied sites was recorded to be the minimum in July (0.45) which indicates a maximum value of dissimilarity index in this month.  The information generated in this study can be exploited by researchers for conservation of natural plant diversity and timely assessments of such areas help to study climate change. ,,,,,.

scholarly journals Effect of exotic tree plantation on floristic composition and phytodiversity of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Gazi Mosharof Hossain ◽  
ABM Enayet Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Wildlife Sanctuary ◽  
Tree Plantation ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Index Value

Effect of exotic tree plantation on floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary of Bangladesh was studied. A total of 309 vascular plant species under 245 genera belonging to 83 families were found to constitute the vascular flora of the studied area. The maximum number of species (298) with the highest Shannon-Weiner diversity index value (3.882±0.090) was recorded from natural forest, which was followed by 194 and 165 plant species with 3.441±0.205 and 3.398±0.103 diversity index values recorded from Tectona and Acacia plantation sites respectively. The minimum number of plant species (142) with the lowest diversity index value (2.999±0.152) was recorded from Eucalyptus plantation site. The collected data on the selected forest sites of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary showed the trends of gradual decrease in floristic composition and phytodivesity status of three plantation sites (Tectona to Acacia to Eucalyptus) in respect to natural forest, which indicated that exotic tree plantations might have negative impact on floristic composition and phytodiversity of this semi-tropical forest area and the fast-growing exotic tree plantation of Acacia and Eucalyptus should be avoided for sustainable development of Rema-Kalenga wildlife sanctuary.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 3(2): 33-47, 2014 (December)

scholarly journals Floristic composition and phytodiversity status of Sitakunda Ecopark, Chittagong, Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Anwarul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Gazi Mosharof Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Vascular Plant Species ◽  
Plant Groups ◽  
Plant Families

The present study dealt with the exploration and documentation of the floristic composition and phyto-diversity of Sitakunda Eco-park, Chittagong, Bangladesh. A total of 412 vascular plant species under 315 genera belonging to 94 plant families have been recorded from the study area during February, 2013 to April, 2015. Out of these recorded taxa, 330 were dicotyledons, 62 were monocotyledons, 5 were gymnosperms and 15 were pteridophytes. Among those, the maximum 144 species belonged to herbs followed by 138, 75 and 55 species as trees, shrubs and climbers, respectively. The species composition among the plant families varied in plant groups. In dicotyledonous group, Euphorbiaceae appeared to be the largest family with 35 species, whereas Poaceae showed the largest family containing 30 species among monocotyledonous group. The highest values of both Shannon-Weiner and Simpson diversity indices have been observed as 3.82 and 0.98, respectively to site D during monsoon season, whereas the lowest values 3.19 and 0.95, respectively of these indices were recorded in site A during summer season.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 5(1): 29-45, 2016 (June)

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MYCOFLORA, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF SELECTED FRESH AND STORED MEDICINAL FRUITS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Sushma K. S. ◽  
Puttaswamy Rajeshwari ◽  
Koteshwar Anandrao Raveesha
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Terminalia Bellerica ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Objective: To understand the mycoflora, phytochemical constituents and antibacterial potential of fresh and stored herbal fruits of selected plants, extensively used in herbal medicines.Methods: Mycoflora analysis of Terminalia bellerica, Phyllanthus emblica and Myristica fragrans fruits was done employing serial dilution method, colony forming unit (CFU) and relative density of each fungi was recorded. The diversity of fungi associated with test fruits was calculated using various diversity indices. Methanol extracts of test fruits was subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis, presence or absence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, quinones and cardiac glycosides was detected. Antibacterial potential of test fruits was studied by well diffusion method.Results: Fresh fruits were free of fungal contamination, whereas stored fruits were found in association with various fungi. A total of 64 isolates of 29 species belonging to 13 genera were identified from stored fruits. Aspergillus was predominant followed by Penicillium. T. bellerica was highly contaminated (1x105CFU/g). Stored fruits of M. fragrans recorded high fungal diversity with highest Simpson’s diversity index (D-1=0.840) and Shannon-Wiener index (H=2.888). P. emblica exhibited high species richness with high Margalef Richness (R=2.925), Menhinick index (E=1.830) and Berger Parker Dominance (d’=0.418). Phytochemical analysis of fresh and stored fruits did not show a significant difference in the presence or absence of tested phyto-constituents. Stored fruit extract recorded up to 41% increase in antibacterial activity.Conclusion: Results suggests the need of proper training to the herbal material handler’s right from the harvest to retail selling, and also points out the need to assess the fungal contamination of herbal materials before using them for herbal drug manufacture.

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Diversity on the Occurrence of Diplodia Tip Blight in Natural Secondary Japanese Red Pine Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1083
Author(s):  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Jun Liang ◽  
Xian Xie ◽  
Xingyao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Red Pine ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Japanese Red Pine ◽  
Blight Disease

Diplodia tip blight caused by Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Dyko and B. Sutton is a serious threat to the health of natural secondary Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) forests. To explore the effect of plant diversity on Diplodia tip blight disease occurrence, the correlation between Diplodia tip blight in P. densiflora and plant diversity in various stand types and vertical structure layers were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficients and generalized linear model while keeping environmental factors relatively consistent. Disease index of Diplodia tip blight in P. densiflora was positively correlated with the plant diversity indices in the tree layers of P. densiflora–conifer mixed forest. In contrast, it was negatively correlated with the plant diversity indices in the tree layers of P. densiflora–hardwood mixed forest and P. densiflora pure forest. In shrub–herb layers of all stands except the P. densiflora pure forest herb layer, the disease index was positively correlated with the plant diversity indices. The prediction models for the disease index of Diplodia tip blight in the P. densiflora–hardwood mixed forest, P. densiflora–conifer mixed forest, and P. densiflora pure forest were also established. The foregoing results suggest that in the Kunyu Mountains of China, the differences in plant diversity among various stand types and vertical structure layers have different effects on the occurrence of Diplodia tip blight in P. densiflora. Plant diversity largely reflects the occurrence of Diplodia tip blight disease. However, if the effect of plant diversity on Diplodia tip blight is fully reflected, the plant species characteristics, especially tree genetic relationships, should be considered. In this way, plant species diversity structure in natural secondary Japanese red pine forests may be modified through forest management to lower the incidence of Diplodia tip blight.

scholarly journals Composition And Diversity Of Plant Species In The Two Types Of Land Cover Of Natural Laboratory Of Hampangen Educational Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 123-134
Author(s):  
Sosilawaty Sosilawaty ◽  
Belinda Hastari ◽  
Ricardo Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Land Cover Type ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Combination Technique ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Index Value

Forests are natural resources that contribute to sustaining life support systems. The purpose of this study was to determine the composition and diversity of plant species in the Hampangen Educational Forest Nature Laboratory with the object of research on plant species diversity at growth rates of seedlings, poles, saplings, and trees in the observation plots of secondary swamp forest and swamp scrub. The research was conducted using a combination technique of paths and checkered lines in each of the 30 measurement plots in the two types of observation land. The results showed 52 types of plants found in all types of research land—a total of 42 species in secondary swamp forest and 26 species in scrublands. The types of plants that occupy the highest IVI at all growth levels are Akasia, Jambu-jambu, and Meranti. The Diversity Index of plant species in the study area on both land types was classified as moderate, namely in the range 1,871 - 2,968. The evenness index value (E) of plants in the land cover type of secondary swamp forest and swamp scrub was classified as high in the range of 0.753 - 0.849. The Species Richness Index (R) value of the secondary swamp forest land cover type is classified as high, whereas the swamp scrub land cover type is classified as low, while the average species similarity index in the two land cover types is low.

scholarly journals Geographical Distribution, Biodiversity, and Species Richness of Medically Important Necrophagous Flies in Central Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-381
Author(s):  
Ehssan Mozaffari ◽  
Abedin Saghafipour ◽  
Kourosh Arzamani ◽  
Nahid Jesri ◽  
Majid Kababian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Central Iran ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Species

Abstract There have been some investigations carried out about necrophagous flies and their biodiversity indices in Iran. In the present study, the species composition of flies, their richness, and biodiversity were investigated in central Iran. In a cross-sectional study, specimens were collected monthly in three different climate areas of Qom Province. Species diversity, species richness, and species evenness were calculated to estimate the species biodiversity of flies. In total, 7,291 flies were collected and identified using valid identification keys that classified flies into four families and 15 different species. The largest collection of flies was obtained in the mountainous areas comprising 36.2% of specimens. Moreover, five forensically important species of fly were collected in this region with the potential to cause human and animal myiasis: Calliphora vicina, Lucilia sericata, Musca domestica, Wohlfahrtia nuba, and Chrysomya albiceps. There were slight differences in species richness and diversity indices in the areas. In mountainous areas, the Shannon–Wiener index and richness were maximum (H’ = 1.87, S = 13). The evenness based on the Shannon evenness index in the mountainous areas was 0.728 and 0.719 in desert areas, whereas it was the highest (0.764) in the semidesert areas. Moreover, high values of the Jaccard similarity index were observed in captured necrophagous fly species in all the areas. The necrophagous fly fauna and species diversity indices were high because of an increase in the evenness. In general, some well-known forensically important species of flies were collected that proved the potential of myiasis occurrence in this area.

scholarly journals Floristic composition of different habitats of indochinese silvered langur (Trachypithecus germaini) in the Chua Hang karst in Kien Luong district, Kien Giang province, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Hong Thia ◽  
Hoang Minh Duc ◽  
Herbert Covert
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
The Other ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Monkey Species ◽  
Leaf Monkey ◽  
Cayratia Trifolia

The Indochinese silvered langur (Trachypithecus germaini) is a leaf monkey species that occurs on four karst hills in the Kien Luong District, Kien Giang Province, Vietnam. In this study, the floristic composition of four habitats where the silvered langur were observed feeding was analyzed. These habitats include cliffs, slopes, the peak of the Chua Hang karst and the adjacent mangroves. We identified 185 plant species belonging to 61 families distributing across the habitats, and the silvered langurs fed on 60 plant species of 37 families. Among food plants selected by the silvered langur, 41 plant species were distributed on the cliff, followed by the slope (31 species), the peak (24 species), and the mangroves (4 species). The silvered langurs fed on about 67% of plant species on the cliff. Plant species richness of the slope areas was highest (at D=0.45, D: Simpson index, and d=20.0, d: Margalef index) compared with the other habitats. The floristic composition of the cliff, slope and peak was quite similar to each other, with the similarity index (SI) ranging from 0.47 to 0.56. The results showed that four plant species, Phyllathus reticulatus Poir, Ficus rumphii Blume, Streblus ilicifolia (Kurz.) Corn. and Cayratia trifolia L. were consumed throughout of the year. In summary, present results add important information for conservation of the Indochinese silvered langur in Vietnam. 

scholarly journals KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KOMPOSISI IKAN PADA KONDISI PASANG DAN SURUT DI MUARA SUNGAI KELAY KABUPATEN BERAU KALIMANTAN TIMUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Yudistira Yudistira ◽  
Jusmaldi Jusmaldi ◽  
Medi Hendra
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
High Tide ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Evenness Index

Research on diversity and composition of fish at low tide and high tide condition in downstream Kelay River, District Berau, East Kalimantan is not yet know. The purpose of this research was to determine diversity and composition of fish that present at low tide and high tide condition in downstream Kelay River. In research using purposive sampling method and various sizes gill nets used. Results of this research shows that fish were collected at three locations sampling in downstream Kelay River consist of 14 species, 9 families, and 953 individuals. Based on the number of species, diversity Shannon-Wiener index and dominance index has stable of communities, with high value of diversity index (H'=1.975), high evenness index (E=0.749), and low value of dominance index  (D= 0.173). The number of fish species found at low tide were 11 species and at high tide were 12 species. The similarity index of fish species at low tide and high tide condition were 64.3%.

scholarly journals FLORISTIC STUDY ON ANGIOSPERMS SURROUNDING THE MEDAVAKKAM LAKE, CHENGALPATTU DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amzad Basha Kolar ◽  
Palanivel. S, ◽  
M. Sheik Noor Mohamed ◽  
S. Sheik Mohamed ◽  
M. Shareef Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Species Diversity Indices

Biodiversity plays a significant role in maintaining the ecosystem for their sustainable utilization. A preliminary survey was conducted to document the diversity and economic importance of the angiosperms around the Medavakkam Lake, Chengalpattu district, Tamil Nadu. The study area act as a seed bank for native species and provide suitable conditions to endemic and certain endangered species. Diversity indices of the study area was found significant, in which the species abundance, richness and evenness were found. A total of 71 species belonging to 36 families of angiosperms were documented. Among which the Dicotyledons plants were 87.32% and monocotyledon plants were 12.67% of total flora reported. The study area was dominated by the family fabaceae (14.1%) with ten species. Habit wise classification of plants reveal that trees are predominant with 32%, followed by hers (25%), Shrubs (21%), Climbers (13%), undershrubs (6%) and grasses (3%). The Simpson Diversity Index, Shannon Wiener Index and evenness index of the study area is 0.777, 1.5634 and 0.8725 respectively. These plants was found with enormous benefits to the mankind such as medicinal, edible, timber, ornamental, oil and other sources. This investigation divulges that the Medavakkam Lake has substantial angiosperm diversity served as major source for native plants having greater economic importance.

Plant diversity of the Heydari Wildlife Refuge in northeastern Iran, with a checklist of vascular plants

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 340 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZOHREH ATASHGAHI ◽  
HAMID EJTEHADI ◽  
MANSOOR MESDAGHI ◽  
FERESHTEH GHASSEMZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Wildlife Refuge ◽  
Kopet Dagh

Heydari Wildlife Refuge (HWR) is located in Binalood mountain range of the Razavi Khorassan Province in Northeastern Iran. The area belongs to the central part of Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province, which is a transitional zone between different phytogeographical units in the Irano-Turanian region. We investigated the floristic composition, life-form spectrum and the phytogeography of the area during 2014–2017 by collecting vascular plants and establishing 443 random-quadrats in representative stands of different vegetation types. A total of 588 vascular plant taxa (species and subspecies) belonging to 304 genera and 65 families are recorded as native and naturalized in the study area. The richest plant families are Asteraceae (40 genera/87 species), Fabaceae (15/72), Poaceae (33/60), Brassicaceae (33/49), Lamiaceae (19/32), and Apiaceae (18/27). The genera Astragalus (44 species), Cousinia (17), and Allium (10) are the richest ones. However, the dominant canopy cover belongs to Acantholimon, Astragalus, Artemisia, and Acanthophyllum species. Raunkiaer’s plant life-form spectrum in the area is dominated by hemicryptophytes (41.50%) and therophytes (28.06%). The core flora of HWR has the Irano-Turanian origin; the widespread elements are also well represented in the study area. Based on the Sørensen dissimilarity index, the HWR has about 50% dissimilarity to the adjacent areas. The study area is inhabited by several Iranian and/or Khorassan-Kopet Dagh endemic (19%), threatened (16%), and narrow-range plant species. The results indicate the importance of the HWR in the plant diversity of NE Iran.

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