scholarly journals Riparian plant diversity in relation to artisanal mining sites in Cikidang River, Banten, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noverita Dian Takarina ◽  
Ika Lina Sinaga ◽  
Tri Rifqoh Umi Kulsum
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Calliandra Calothyrsus ◽  
Artisanal Mining ◽  
Mining Sites ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Riparian Habitats ◽  
Pityrogramma Calomelanos ◽  
Riparian Plant

Abstract. Takarina ND, Sinaga IL, Kultsum TR. 2021. Riparian plant diversity in relation to artisanal mining sites in Cikidang River, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 401-407. Artisanal mining usually occurs in gold mining activities near the river banks and consequently, this will affect the downstream ecosystem include riparian habitat and its plant diversity. Here, this study aimed to assess the effects of artisanal mining sites on the riparian plant diversity in Cikidang River, Lebak District, Banten Province, Indonesia. The study was conducted by placing 10 sampling stations along 4 km of Cikidang River with width of 20 m. Riparian plant species were collected and identified from 10 m x 10 m sampling plots in each station. Plant diversity was assessed using Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Margalef, and Pielou indices. There were in total 18 families and 42 plant species have been identified. Compositae and Poaceae were plant families that common here. Ageratum conyzoides was the most common species followed by Impatiens platypetala, Cibadium surinamense, Wollastonia biflora, Calliandra calothyrsus, and Pityrogramma calomelanos. Shannon-Wiener diversity index was in the range of 1.040-1.561. There was a positive correlation between riparian diversity with the distance to mining sites with decreasing diversity trends toward artisanal mining sites. Riparian habitats located far (> 1 km) from the mining sites have more species. While species observed in riparian habitats near (0.3-1 km) the mining sites were accounted only for 26.1% of total species found. To conclude, the presence of artisanal mining sites can affect the nearby riparian plant diversity.

Diversity of Mangrove Plant for Support Ecotourism Activities in Nature Conservation Forum Putri Menjangan, Pejarakan Buleleng-Bali

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 987
Author(s):  
I Ketut GINANTRA ◽  
Ida Bagus Made SUASKARA ◽  
Martin JONI
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Mangrove Plants ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Mangrove Zonation

This study aims to identify the species of mangrove constituents and determine the zonation of the growing community of mangrove plants from the seaward to the landward zone, of the Nature Conservation Forum (NCF) Putri Menjangan coastal Pejarakan village Buleleng from July to October 2017. Identification of mangrove plant species based on the following characteristics: habitus, root type, fruit shape, inflorescence, leaf shape and leaf arangement. Zoning of mangrove grown is determined from vegetation analysis conducted in 3 zones (front zone, middle zone and back zone) with quadrat method, the area of each square is 20 m x 20 m. Parameters specified in each kwadrat are the density, dominance and frequency of presence of each species. Zoning of mangrove community is determined based on the important value of mangrove plant species. The diversity of the mangrove community is calculated by the Shanon-Wiener Diversity Index. The results of the study identified 13 species of true mangrove plants (mangrove) and 14 mangrove mangrove associates. The dominant species are Sonneratia alba (important value / iv is 98.19), Lumnitzera racemosa (iv. is 40.75), Rhizophora apiculata (iv.is 35.53), Rhizophora mucronata (iv. 33.02), Ceriops decandra (iv.23.61) and Avicennia marina (iv. 22.22). The diversity index of mangrove species (H) is 2.07, then it is considered good. The pattern of growing mangrove plants in coastal Pejarakan Buleleng, in general follow the natural pattern of mangrove zonation. Typical characteristics and patterns of growing mangrove zonation become interesting attractions and reference for mangrove area managers in ecotourism development and efforts to conserve mangrove forests.

scholarly journals Feeding Preference and Habitat Association of Defassa Waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus defassa) in Nechisar National Park, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gatriay Tut Deng ◽  
Birtukan Tsegaye Demisse
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Habitat Association ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference

This study investigated feeding preference and habitat association of waterbucks in Nechisar National Park from November 2016 to August 2017 by total count and direct observation methods. From this survey, 20 plant species were observed to be the food items consumed by waterbucks. Waterbucks were mostly grazers than browser. The plant species consumed by waterbucks was highly significant between seasons (χ2 = 121.34, df = 1, p < 0.05 ). Out of 20 total plant species consumed, annual grass (11.5%), Leersia virginica (8.4%), and Cynodon dactylon (8.4%) were the most frequently consumed food items, but Tamarindus indica (2.9%), Balanites aegyptica (3.3%), and Acacia polycantha (2.36%) were the least consumed food items. There was significant difference between plant species consumed during both seasons (χ2 = 177.67, df = 19, p < 0.05 ). The Shannon–Wiener diversity index result revealed that there were different varieties of food items for waterbucks in dry season (H’ = 2.9) than in wet season (H’ = 2.6). Young leaves comprised the largest proportion of plant parts consumed by waterbucks compared to others. There was a highly significant difference in feeding plant parts in both seasons (χ2 = 88.5, df = 7, p < 0.05 ). Waterbucks spent more time on feeding in the morning and late afternoon during both seasons. The total number of waterbucks in each habitat varied due to food availability in different seasons. Different conservation measures should be taken against waterbuck reduction and create appropriate environment for waterbuck.

scholarly journals Changes in homestead biodiversity with modernization in the rural areas of Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MA Baten ◽  
SMA Hossain ◽  
SM Afroz ◽  
K Naher
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Plant Biodiversity ◽  
Species Evenness ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Family

A study was carried out at selected villages in Gazipur district of Bangladesh during 2008- 2009 with a view to assess the changes in homestead biodiversity with degree of modernization in the rural areas. Three villages were selected purposively considering their degree of modernization e.g. traditional, semi-modern and modern village and biodiversity at 40 randomly selected homesteads from each of the three villages were studied. Species richness, interspecies diversity (Shannon-Wiener diversity index) and species evenness were considered for measuring the biodiversity. A total of 188 plant species belonging to 75 different families were identified in the homesteads of three study villages. The highest proportion (11%) of species found under the family Gramineae followed by Cucurbitaceae (6%), Compositae (5%), Solanaceae (5%), Leguminosae (4%), Amaranthaceae (4%), Rutaceae (3%), Euphorbiaceae (3%), Convolvulaceae (3%), and Cyperaceae (3%) and so on. Among the 188 plant species, 15% fruits species, 9% timber, 11% ornamental and medicinal, 14% vegetables, 4% spices and 47% weed species. The highest number (172) of species was found in traditional village and the lowest (126) in the modern village. Diversity index (H) value for traditional village (1.652) was statistically similar to semi-modern village (1.373) but significantly higher (t = 2.47*) than that of modern village (1.029). So, it can be said that plant biodiversity is decreasing with increase in modernization and/or urbanization. The diversity (H) decreased with decrease in farm size, in other words, species diversity increased with increase in farm size but there was no significant difference among the farm categories in this regard. The total evenness values against the three villages (0.741, 0.630 and 0.491 in Bhawal Gazipur, Hatiyabo and Mariali, respectively) indicate that the abundance of different species was very dissimilar and decreased with increase in modernization.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 7 (1): 32-37, June, 2017

scholarly journals Short Communication: Agricultural biodiversity and economic productivity of the yards in Arguni Bawah, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1026
Author(s):  
ALFRED ALFONSO ANTOH ◽  
NURHAYATI HS ARIFIN ◽  
M A CHOZIN ◽  
HADI SUSILO ARIFIN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Agricultural Biodiversity ◽  
Economic Productivity ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Functional Types Of Plants ◽  
West Papua ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract. Antoh AA, Arifin NHS, Chozin MA, Arifin HS. 2019. Agricultural biodiversity and economic productivity of the yards in Arguni Bawah, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1020-1026. Papua Island, Indonesia has abundance of agricultural biological resources. This is reflected in a variety of agricultural products in different parts of the area and in the use of yards, which is not fully utilized. This study was aimed at mapping the agricultural biodiversity of the yards, as well as measuring their economic productivity. The study area was Arguni Bawah Sub-district, Kaimana District, West Papua Province, Indonesia, and the study was conducted from November 2017 to March 2018. The average number of plant species recorded from yards were 13, number of individuals being 72 in an average yard size of 696 m2. The smallest yard was 231 m2 with only three species and 4 individuals. The maximum number of species found were 26 with 267 individuals. The maximum size of yards studied was 3,000 m2. There are five functional types of plants with high density and SDR, there are the species producing starch (taro and banana), vegetables (gedi and spinach), fruits (banana) and ornamentals, among others. The Shanon-Wiener diversity index (H´) ranged from 1.8 to 2.5, indicating that the biodiversity of plant species in the yards may be interpreted as abundant or moderate. The evaluation of economic productivity showed that average cash income received by households from yards was Rp.7,693,000.

scholarly journals Plant diversity in logged over forest in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhy widya Setiawan ◽  
ALBERTUS TJIU ◽  
ARI MEIDIDIT ◽  
ISWINANTO ISWINANTO ◽  
AMMAR GINANJAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Abstract. Setiawan AW, Tjiu A, Meididit A, Iswinanto, Ginanjar A, Atut Y, Agusti R. 2021. Plant diversity in logged over forest in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 4829-4838. A study of flora was conducted in the Ratah Timber concession area. Objectives of this study was to calculate the Importance Value Index (IVI) and identify species diversity in Mahakam Ulu, East Kalimantan. A survey was carried out in 128 plots within 13 transects placed purposively. Vegetation sampling was conducted using line transect and a quadrat method. As many as 530 species belonging to 79 families were found. Of these species, 420 species were found in observation plots with 374 of the species being tree. The most dominant tree species were Endertia spectabilis, Shorea pinanga and Shorea leprosula with IVI of 10.24%, 8.25%, and 6.96%, respectively. In total, 114 species or 21.5% are endemic species of Borneo. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index at tree level was 5.51 and at seedling level was 4.95. The highest Similarity Index was found between transects 23 and 21, meanwhile the lowest was between transects 05 and 15. This study found 61 species which are classified on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List (2020-1) as critically endangered (16), endangered (11), and vulnerable (34) species.

scholarly journals Ethnobotanical Study and Plant Diversity in the Forest of Kedarnath Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandi Prasad ◽  
Ramesh C. Sharma ◽  
Rahul Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Garhwal Himalaya ◽  
Shannon Diversity Index ◽  
Ethnobotanical Study ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Shannon Diversity ◽  
Kedarnath Valley

The present study was carried out in the forest of Kedarnath valley in Garhwal Himalaya. The aim of the study was to access the diversity status and ecological status. The study was conducted following the stratified sampling techniques by placing quadrates (1m×1m) for herbs, (5m×5m) for shrubs, and (10m×10m) size for trees in the forest area. A total number of 221 plant species were recorded during the floristic survey in the project area. Plant diversity of the project area encompasses 49 species of trees, 28 species of shrubs, and 144 species of herbs. Important value index, the Shannon diversity index, and total basal area species were recorded. The tree density in the present study was highest in the Kedarnath valley which ranged from 0.3 to 8.5 no./ha. Shrub density in the present study varied from 0.4 to 13.5 no./ha, whereas herb density ranged between 0.2 to 22.4 no.ha-1. Total basal cover (TBC) for trees showed a range of 9.542 to 0.075 m2.ha-1, and the Shannon diversity index (H) for tree species was recorded from a minimum of 0.976 to a maximum of 3.048. The horrific disaster in the Kedarnath valley in 2013 caused a lot of damage to the bugyals (High altitude grass) and forests of the valley. About 500 species of vesicular medicinal plants, fodder plants, and other important plant species were washed away (Botanical Survey of India 2015). The current study is a pioneer in the aspect and can be helpful in making district forest plans, protocols, and implementation of forest policy to protect the forest by local people.

Effects of plant species and plant diversity on soil nematodes – a field experiment on grassland run for seven years

Nematology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Sohlenius ◽  
Maria Viketoft ◽  
Sven Boström
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Faunal Composition ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Nematode Fauna

AbstractPlant species identity and diversity may greatly influence the composition of the nematode fauna. In this study the development of the nematode fauna was followed in a field experiment on arable soil with monocultures and mixtures of several plant species. Experimental plots were sown with one, four or 12 species of grass, legumes and forbs and were sampled four times in 7 years. Nematode diversity was little influenced by plant diversity. Due to a pronounced increase of Paratylenchus projectus populations, the Shannon diversity index decreased in several treatments towards the end of the experiment. Differences in nematode faunal composition among treatments increased with time. In spite of the rather long duration of the experiment, the faunal composition did not stabilise but changed continuously. The obligate plant feeders Tylenchorhynchus dubius, T. maximus and Pratylenchus spp. occurred in higher numbers in monocultures than in mixtures of several plant species. Among the microbivores, the abundance of some bacterial- and fungal-feeding nematode taxa seemed to be directly influenced by the plant species identity. In the plots with Trifolium spp. there was an increase of rapidly growing bacterial feeders belonging to Rhabditidae and Panagrolaimidae already after the first growing season. The abundances of some bacterial-feeding nematodes were correlated to total plant production. The numbers of the omnivorous Mesodorylaimus sp. appeared to be influenced by the degree of plant coverage. The abundance of several nematode taxa appeared to be little influenced by the composition of the vegetation. The plant feeder P. projectus and the bacterial feeder Prismatolaimus sp. reacted rather slowly and a distinct increase in numbers was only seen after 7 years, when P. projectus strongly dominated the fauna in several treatments. Among the bacterial feeders, some species with moderate growth rate belonging to Cephalobidae decreased with time in several treatments.

scholarly journals Pollen Analysis of Honey from Borana Zone of Southern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Tura Bareke ◽  
Admassu Addi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Good Market ◽  
Croton Macrostachyus ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Borana Zone

AbstractNineteen samples of honey were collected from different localities of the Borana Zone and examined to identify the botanical origin of honey through honey pollen analysis. From nineteen honey samples, sixteen were identified as monofloral honeys. Twentyeight plant species were identified as honey source plants and the identified plant species belonged to fourteen plant families. Out of twenty-eight bee plant species, 17.9% of them were found in the Fabaceae family followed by Asteraceae and Lamiaceae, each of them accounting for 14.3% of all honey plants species found in the samples. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H) showed that high diversity of plant species was found in eleven honey samples with a range of 1.07 (Bule Hora site 1) to 1.81 (Yabello site 2) on the basis of honey pollen analysis. Eight honey samples had lower diversity index values, ranging from 0 (Arero site 2 and Bule Hora site 3) to 0.84 (Gelana site1), which suggests the honey was obtained from a few dominant plant species. Accordingly, Guizotia scabra, Haplocoelum foliolosum, Plectranthus assurgens, Terminalia brownii, Sesamum indicum, Satureja paradoxa, Croton macrostachyus and Acacia brevispica were the major monofloral honeys produced from the area. This indicates that there is a huge potential for the production of monofloral honey. Since monofloral honey has a good market value and is preferred by consumers, the involvement of investors is recommended.

scholarly journals Floristic composition and distribution pattern of herbaceous plant diversity in fallow lands of the central districts of Punjab, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 15864-15880
Author(s):  
Jashanpreet Kaur ◽  
Rajni Sharma ◽  
Pushp Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Fallow Lands

This study explores the change in composition of herbaceous plants with change in season and site in the fallow lands of central districts of Punjab, India.  Overall 41 plant species were reported from studied sites.  Poaceae and Asteraceae were recorded as dominant families with seven and six plant species, respectively.  Density and IVI values of perennial plant species were recorded to be the maximum from July to September and for annuals maximum values were from February to March and from July to September.  Diversity indices like Shannon Wiener index, evenness index, Menhinick index, and Simpson diversity index values showed variation with season and site.  Similarity index value between studied sites was recorded to be the minimum in July (0.45) which indicates a maximum value of dissimilarity index in this month.  The information generated in this study can be exploited by researchers for conservation of natural plant diversity and timely assessments of such areas help to study climate change. ,,,,,.

scholarly journals Effects of Plastic Debris on the Biofilm Bacterial Communities in Lake Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1465
Author(s):  
Chao Shen ◽  
Liuyan Huang ◽  
Guangwu Xie ◽  
Yulai Wang ◽  
Zongkai Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
Simpson Index ◽  
Plastic Debris ◽  
Plastic Substrates ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Increasing discharge of plastic debris into aquatic ecosystems and the worsening ecological risks have received growing attention. Once released, plastic debris could serve as a new substrate for microbes in waters. The complex relationship between plastics and biofilms has aroused great interest. To confirm the hypothesis that the presence of plastic in water affects the composition of biofilm in natural state, in situ biofilm culture experiments were conducted in a lake for 40 days. The diversity of biofilm attached on natural (cobble stones (CS) and wood) and plastic substrates (Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)) were compared, and the community structure and composition were also analyzed. Results from high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that the diversity and species richness of biofilm bacterial communities on natural substrate (observed species of 1353~1945, Simpson index of 0.977~0.989 and Shannon–Wiener diversity index of 7.42~8.60) were much higher than those on plastic substrates (observed species of 900~1146, Simpson index of 0.914~0.975 and Shannon–Wiener diversity index of 5.47~6.99). The NMDS analyses were used to confirm the taxonomic significance between different samples, and Anosim (p = 0.001, R = 0.892) and Adonis (p = 0.001, R = 808, F = 11.19) demonstrated that this classification was statistically rigorous. Different dominant bacterial communities were found on plastic and natural substrates. Alphaproteobacterial, Betaproteobacteria and Synechococcophycideae dominated on the plastic substrate, while Gammaproteobacteria, Phycisphaerae and Planctomycetia played the main role on the natural substrates. The bacterial community structure of the two substrates also showed significant difference which is consistent with previous studies using other polymer types. Our results shed light on the fact that plastic debris can serve as a new habitat for biofilm colonization, unlike natural substrates, pathogens and plastic-degrading microorganisms selectively attached to plastic substrates, which affected the bacterial community structure and composition in aquatic environment. This study provided a new insight into understanding the potential impacts of plastics serving as a new habitat for microbial communities in freshwater environments. Future research should focus on the potential impacts of plastic-attached biofilms in various aquatic environments and the whole life cycle of plastics (i.e., from plastic fragments to microplastics) and also microbial flock characteristics using microbial plastics in the natural environment should also be addressed.

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