Factor Markets in Babylonia from the Late Seventh to the Third Century BCE

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jursa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Third Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Factor Markets

Abstract This paper studies the evidence for the existence of a labour market, a market for agricultural land, and a market for capital in Babylonia from the sixth to the third century bce. The argument is informed by our current understanding of the performance of Babylonian commodity markets, for which abundant quantitative information is available. I attempt to establish a connection between the general political and socio-economic development in Babylonia from the sixth century onwards and the increase and decrease of the role that can be attributed to factor markets.

scholarly journals Mogontiacum: czynniki rozwoju

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Mrozewicz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Military Base ◽  
The Third ◽  
Political Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City ◽  
Real City

The history of Mogontiacum spans the period from 17/16 BCE to the end of the fourth century CE. It was a strong military base (with two legions stationed there in the first century) and a major settlement centre, though without municipal rights. However, the demographic and economic development, as well as the superior administrative and political status enabled Mogontiacum to transform – in socio-economic and urbanistic terms – into a real city. This process was crowned in the latter half of the third century with the construction of the city walls.

scholarly journals Developmental Local Government as a Model for Grassroots Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
C Okafor ◽  
EEO Chukwuemeka ◽  
JO Udenta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Present System ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socio Economic Development

In the past five decades of political independence in Nigeria, local government administration has moved from the colonial styled Local administration characterized by peculiar systems to the federating units to the present unified and standardized system that constitutionally recognizes local government as the third tier of government. As the third tier of government, local governments are entitled to a statutory allocation of national revenue and the carrying out of specific functions in response to local needs. The objective of the problem statement of this article is to show that the present system whereby, the Constitution gives the State governments the power to handle issues of organization and responsibility in the local governments places a strong limitation on local autonomy and governance at the local level. The abuse of these provisions in the Constitution by the State governments coupled with other issues such as low level of commitment to the people and lack of monitoring and evaluation are negatively affecting grassroots socio-economic development in the Country. Local economic growth and development is an imperative for overall socio-economic development of the Country (the local population presently faces high incidence of poverty, unemployment, lack of social infrastructure and low economic activities). It is in this context that the article prescribes a developmental local government model which has local economic development (LED) as ‘the mandate’ to address the concerns of poverty, unemployment and inadequate resources in the rural areas. The LED approach enables local governments to stimulate economic activities and improve the socioeconomic conditions of people in the localities by working in partnership with private and other non-governmental sectors.

scholarly journals “New Regionalization”: Modernization of Russian Universities and Experience of Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Balmasova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Russian Universities

The importance of the supporting universities in each region is quite high, because the main purpose of creating them is to provide an efficient cooperation between the region and the system of higher education. Through the supporting universities it is possible to solve the most pressing problems facing not only regions but also the state as a whole. The interaction between higher education and regions is associated with the strengthening of the “third mission” of universities, the implementation of which makes university a key «player» in the economic and social development of a region and introduces significant changes in the university’s relations with its partners: industry, business, government, civil society institutions. The first section of the article focuses on the identification of the main parameters of the regional activities of Russian universities as active participants in the socio-economic development of region. The second section systematizes the experience of German universities on the implementation of the «third mission» in the regional context.

Climate Change in the Breadbasket of the Roman Empire—Explaining the Decline of the Fayum Villages in the Third Century CE*

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-518
Author(s):  
Sabine R. Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
East African ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
The Third ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

The paper focuses on one of the most productive wheat-growing regions in the entire Roman Empire, the Arsinoite nome (modern Fayum) in Egypt. Towards the end of the third century CE, multiple formerly thriving farming villages at the edges of the district went into decline and were eventually abandoned. This paper presents a new perspective on causes of this abandonment by synthesizing existing research. The papyri as well as the archaeological record imply that irrigation problems arising simultaneously from the third century CE lay at the heart of the problem and led to the progressive desertification of formerly agricultural land. The surviving documentation allows us to trace what increasing water stress meant on the ground for the local population and what adaption strategies they undertook to deal with the degradation and desertification of their farmlands. While socio-economic factors certainly played a role in the decline of these settlements, a change in environmental conditions should be considered as well. In fact, natural proxies record a general shift in East African Monsoon patterns at the source areas of the Nile and consecutively lower Nile flood levels from the beginning of the third century on.

Modernity or Neo-tribalism?

2020 ◽  
pp. 426-450
Author(s):  
Neil Macmaster
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Secret Service ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
Client Relations ◽  
Indirect Rule

A central feature of long-term colonial rule in Algeria was a deep and unresolved tension, between indirect rule by local, conservative élites based on patrimonial forms of government, and plans for economic and political modernization that depended on breaking the hold of the caids and the old system of commune mixte administration. Opération Pilote revealed such contradictions. Servier supported plans of socio-economic development and modernization, the creation of a ‘New Algeria’, but in practice he supported the neo-tribalism of the bachaga Boualam, and other traditional élites, that continued to depend on patron-client relations, maraboutism, and charismatic authority. The special forces officer Hentic was unable to transform Boualam’s harkis from an incompetent ‘private’ army into a regular, trained force. Likewise the secret service supported and armed the third force movement led by the ex-MNA leader Djilali Belhadj or ‘Kobus’. Kobus, revealing wider political ambitions, acted like a predatory warlord and had catastrophic impacts in damaging COIN operations in the Ouarsenis, before his assassination by the FLN.

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