scholarly journals Developmental Local Government as a Model for Grassroots Socio-Economic Development in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-61
Author(s):  
C Okafor ◽  
EEO Chukwuemeka ◽  
JO Udenta
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Present System ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socio Economic Development

In the past five decades of political independence in Nigeria, local government administration has moved from the colonial styled Local administration characterized by peculiar systems to the federating units to the present unified and standardized system that constitutionally recognizes local government as the third tier of government. As the third tier of government, local governments are entitled to a statutory allocation of national revenue and the carrying out of specific functions in response to local needs. The objective of the problem statement of this article is to show that the present system whereby, the Constitution gives the State governments the power to handle issues of organization and responsibility in the local governments places a strong limitation on local autonomy and governance at the local level. The abuse of these provisions in the Constitution by the State governments coupled with other issues such as low level of commitment to the people and lack of monitoring and evaluation are negatively affecting grassroots socio-economic development in the Country. Local economic growth and development is an imperative for overall socio-economic development of the Country (the local population presently faces high incidence of poverty, unemployment, lack of social infrastructure and low economic activities). It is in this context that the article prescribes a developmental local government model which has local economic development (LED) as ‘the mandate’ to address the concerns of poverty, unemployment and inadequate resources in the rural areas. The LED approach enables local governments to stimulate economic activities and improve the socioeconomic conditions of people in the localities by working in partnership with private and other non-governmental sectors.

Government and Fiscal Policy in American Economic History

2018 ◽  
pp. 194-224
Author(s):  
John Joseph Wallis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Payroll Taxes ◽  
The Third ◽  
State And Local

Over the last 225 years, government finances in the United States have gone through three distinct stages. In the first stage, 1790–1850, state governments actively pursued policies to promote economic development and financed them from revenues from state investments. In the second, 1850–1930, local governments became the most important level of government, as measured by revenues and expenditures, and revenues shifted toward the property tax. In the third period, 1930 to the present, the national government became the most active and largest level of government, financed through income and payroll taxes, and developed an extensive network of grants to state and local governments. The chapter tracks the changes in sources of revenues and purpose of expenditures, with specific attention paid to military spending over the entire period.

scholarly journals Investment subsidies as a source of revenues to local budgets

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Volodymyr HORYN ◽  
Nataliia KARPYSHYN
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Water Mains

Introduction. Given the limited own resources of local self-government, it is important to ensure the effective functioning of the mechanism for providing investment subventions from the state budget. Such investment subventions include subventions for the formation of infrastructure in the united territorial communities and subventions for the implementation of measures of socio-economic development of separate territories. The purpose of the paper is the analysis of the mechanism of providing and using investment subventions to local budgets in order to identify disadvantages and eliminate them. Results. Providing an “infrastructure” subvention to local budgets has strengthened the capacity of united territorial communities and to some extent improved the quality of services provided to the population. During 2016–2019, UAH 6.5 billion was allocated from the State Budget of Ukraine to local budgets for infrastructure development and 9475 projects were implemented. With the help of these subventions, schools, kindergartens, outpatient clinics, cultural and sports institutions, water mains and roads were built and repaired, and specialized transport was purchased. However, in recent years, the role of this subvention has decreased significantly due to the fact that the number of UTCs that received an infrastructure subvention during 2016–2021 has increased significantly, and its volume has hardly changed. The amount of subventions from the state budget to local budgets for the implementation of measures for socio-economic development of certain territories has also decreased, which negatively affects the capacity of local governments in the field of investment projects. Conclusion. The volume of investment subventions remains insufficient, and their distribution is partly in a “manual mode”, which creates a favorable environment for political corruption and lobbying.

scholarly journals Hegemonial Evaluation of Importance of Women Education and their Socio Economic Development in Fika Local Government Area , Yobe State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Umar Saleh Baba ◽  
Blessing Ijeoma Anumaka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Total Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Correlation Design

The paper   discussed the importance of women education and the socio economic development in Fika local government area of Yobe state, Nigeria. The paper focused on the concept of women education, the concept of socio-economic development and the importance of women education in socio-economic development. This study employed quantitative approach with descriptive correlation design and also the total population of 66901 and the sample size of 382 respondents while questionnaire and interview guide were used as research instruments to collect required data.The study also used sample  of 382 respondents, frequency and percentage techniques, means and standard deviation and finally,  Pearson linear correlation co-efficient (PLCC) to establish  the relationship between women education and the element of socio economic development in Fika  local government area of Yobe state. The findings of this study revealed that there is positive and very significant relationship between women education and their household income level, and a positive relationship exist with standard of living, economic development and women education but this is not significant. The recommendation of this study is  that all effort to empower women should be directed toward educational empowerment in the state as this is significant to overall economic growth in the state. This is because  women education in terms of socio-economic development have significant effect on their family,social and economic development of a nation as a whole..

scholarly journals “New Regionalization”: Modernization of Russian Universities and Experience of Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Balmasova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
The Third ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Russian Universities

The importance of the supporting universities in each region is quite high, because the main purpose of creating them is to provide an efficient cooperation between the region and the system of higher education. Through the supporting universities it is possible to solve the most pressing problems facing not only regions but also the state as a whole. The interaction between higher education and regions is associated with the strengthening of the “third mission” of universities, the implementation of which makes university a key «player» in the economic and social development of a region and introduces significant changes in the university’s relations with its partners: industry, business, government, civil society institutions. The first section of the article focuses on the identification of the main parameters of the regional activities of Russian universities as active participants in the socio-economic development of region. The second section systematizes the experience of German universities on the implementation of the «third mission» in the regional context.

ASSESSMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-603
Author(s):  
G.K. Zinurova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The actual problem of optimizing financial management in state budgetary healthcare institutions is considered. In the framework of the state policy, it is necessary to clearly define the limit of social guarantees provided at the expense of budgets, and to create new mechanisms for social protection of citizens. The implementation of this task largely depends on the condition and stability of the state and municipal finances, which are the main source of healthcare funding. The Federation entities and municipalities are independent in determining the list of target programs due to different priorities of socio-economic development, differences in the structure of state authorities and local governments. When forming the procedure for the development, implementation and evaluation of the effectiveness of targeted programs, the Federation entities and municipalities must find a balance between approaches of the federal government level, the specifics of the territory and the features of the existing system of state (municipal) managing its socio-economic development. The authorities of various levels are forced to limit the growth of budget expenditures against the backdrop of an unfavorable economic situation. The most important condition for the development of the budget system of the Russian Federation in such a situation is to increase the efficiency of the use of budget funds. Health expenditures account for about a quarter of territorial budget expenditures. Therefore, one of the most important issues of financing state medical budgetary institutions is financing from the funds received from the provision of paid services through active cooperation with insurance companies. The analysis of the structure of financial flows revealed trends and deviations from the planned values. The effect from cooperation of medical institutions with insurance companies is analyzed. Cooperation is based on the variation of two main variable factors - the discount and the expected increase in demand for services, which allows us to determine the effectiveness of project implementation both for individual groups of services and for the entire commercial activity of the hospital as a whole.

Conceptual principles of public management of socio-economic development of the region

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Maryna Skyba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Strategic Program

The analysis of the scientific sources devoted to problems of regional development is carried out. The article reveals that the organizational and legal basis for the regional policy has been formed the basic principles of regulation of socio-economic development at the regional level have been determined in Ukraine during the period of independence. The research shows that in the context of continuing administrative reform, the state regional policy, which is part of the national strategy of the socio-economic development of Ukraine, is closely linked to adjusting the administrative-territorial structure of the state. It is implemented by executive authorities and local governments through the system of methods, tools, means, measures for the realization of the defined purposes and maintenance of efficient, complex management of social and economic development at the regional level. The dynamics of the main indicators of socio-economic development at the regional level is presented. The paper shows that the GRP resumed growing in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The analysis indicates the population reduction in all regions of Ukraine, except for Kyiv region, which is the leader in the number of arrivals; concentration of human resources in industrial regions (25% of the population of Ukraine is concentrated in Donetsk, Dnipropetrovsk, Kharkiv regions); GRP growth per capita in most oblasts and Poltava, Dnipropetrovsk, Kyiv (excluding Kyiv) oblasts reaching the leading positions; increasing level of concentration of production in cities with a population of over a million: Kyiv, Kharkiv and in the largest regional centers of Ukraine: Dnipro, Odesa, Lviv, and others. The paper proves that public authorities during the development of strategic, program decisions on regional development management should take into account the challenges caused by the geopolitical situation, the global crisis caused by the pandemic, climate change, man-made disasters, etc.

scholarly journals Spatial injustice in the formation of land use territories in united communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-98
Author(s):  
O. L. Popova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The State ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The author revealed the injustices in the territories formation of the united territorial communities (UTC) under the local self-government reform, which are manifested in different, uneven volumes of their land use and the resource basis in general for local socio-economic development. The methodological approach used by the authorities in determining the capacity of united communities in their formation (in terms of compliance with the criteria – the area and the population density), led to the fact that in rural areas with low population density they had to form large UTCs to reach specific parameters by population. The hypothesis that territorially large UTCs are capable is ambiguous: on the one hand, land tenure and land use is a resource for socio-economic development of communities, on the other – in a large area the cost of providing essential services to the population in remote villages increases together with the administrative and other costs. Paper proves that large-scale rural UTCs should become objects of the state support as the “rural areas in unfavourable conditions” under the State Strategy for Regional Development for 2021–2027. The author justifies injustices in the centralization of powers on disposal of land resources. The land decentralization as a transfer of relevant powers to UTC local governments will be finally completed, according to the Decree of the President of Ukraine “On some measures to accelerate reforms in the field of land relations” № 449 from 15.10.2020, which will contribute to orderliness in this area and filling local budgets. It is also advisable within the UTCs to give internal communities the right to dispose of their economic territory’s land resources in these communities’ interests. The paper shows discriminatory aspects of administrative reformatting of 120 voluntarily formed and functioning UTCs, according to the Government’s long-term plans for 2020: by recognizing them as insufficiently capable, they should join other communities or unite into larger UTCs.

scholarly journals THE STRATEGY OF THE LOCAL SELF-GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA: FACTS, DISCUSSION, PREDICTIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-332
Author(s):  
Наталья Блинова ◽  
Natalya Blinova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The State ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Further Development

The article attempted to synthesize relevant scientific and public debate on the further development of local self-government in the Russian Federation. The author, based on the analysis of the dynamics of legislative changes, relevant scientific papers and discussion practitioners on various venues for the 2014-2015 year represents a slice of the key problems of the local self-government’s reform in Russia and gives a description of the risks and drivers of the local self-government’s development. The article presents the author´s suggestions for a draft strategy for socio-economic development of the Russian Federation up to the year 2030. One of the biggest problems the author highlights the absence to date of the State concept of local self-government. The author proposes to overcome chaos of reforming local government and enumerates a series of measures aimed at improving efficiency and consistency in the development of contemporary Russian zemstvo.

Problems of socioeconomic development of the districts of the central ecological zone of Lake Baikal in the Irkutsk Region, demographic and environmental factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-453
Author(s):  
Timur Miryazov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Ecological Zone ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The article deals with the current demographic, economic, social, and environmental problems of three districts of the Irkutsk Region, which are part of the Central Ecological Zone of the Baikal Natural Territory. The study was conducted using statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service, articles and monographs on the topic under consideration, data from sociological surveys, mass media, and information obtained during a scientific expedition to Lake Baikal, in which the author participated. The socio-economic development of municipalities within the boundaries of the Central Ecological Zone of Lake Baikal remains difficult due to environmental legislation that restricts the economic development of the territory. The inability to fully use land resources provokes the local population to migrate. Tourism is one of the few economic activities permitted in the coastal area of the Lake Baikal. Despite the growing number of tourists visiting the region every year, the weak level of economic diversification of the municipalities threatens the prospects for sustainable socio-economic development. The region risks losing most of its revenue in the event of political, economic, or epidemiological shocks. The development of other types of economic activities will contribute to the socio-economic security of the areas under consideration. This is also influenced by the demographic potential of the territory – the employment of local residents and the training of personnel will allow us to effectively implement alternative directions of economic development. It is also important to develop other types of economic activities in connection with the negative impact of tourists on the ecosystem of Lake Baikal. The revision of the approaches to the economic, social, and environmental policies carried out in the region is an urgent task today

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