Beyond Overcoming: A Woman Writer’s Articulation of Pain in Socialist China

NAN Nü ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-336
Author(s):  
Daniela Licandro
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Identity Construction ◽  
Embodied Experience ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Party State ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract Feminist inquiries into the status of women in Mao-era China have shed light on the challenges women experienced in their double role as producers and reproducers in the nascent socialist state. Less is known about how women lived up to expectations of (re)productivity while struggling with illness. Drawing on gender studies, literary studies, history, and the history of medicine, this article examines articulations of pain in the diaries that writer Yang Mo (1914-95) kept between 1945 and 1982, and published in 1985, to explore intersections among normative configurations of pain, gender politics, and identity construction in socialist China. Yang’s diaries show that the narrative of pain is fundamentally shaped by cultural and political discourses of “overcoming” physical and ideological shortcomings – discourses that the party-state upheld to transform the Chinese people into physically-fit, ideologically-correct socialist citizens. Within this context, this study focuses on Yang’s embodied experience to reveal both the empowering potential of these discourses and their inherent limits.

scholarly journals The Position of Women in the Society of Gortyna (7th–5th Centuries B.C.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
A.A. Pochernina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Interest ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Property Relations ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Status Of Women

The paper is devoted to the status of women in the society of Gortyna during the period from the 7th to the 5th centuries B.C. Owing to the growing popularity of the gender approach, this problem is thought to be of particular research interest. It is often believed that the Cretan society was matriarchal, because the women of Crete, Gortyna in particular, enjoyed their full rights. In order to verify this hypothesis, the laws of Gortyna that shed light on the social position of women among other important issues were thoroughly investigated. As a result of the analysis of the sections concerning the family and property relations in Gortyna, it was found that the above-said hypothesis does not apply to the society of Crete and Gortyna in the 7th–5th centuries B.C. It was revealed that men and women in Gortyna had different rights. Changes in this situation were traced. The general history of research on the laws of Gortyna and the position of women over the period under consideration was reconstructed.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Faisal Devji ◽  
Zaheer Kazmi
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Status Of Women

The relationship between Islam and liberalism has been a subject of scholarly as much as popular debate for at least a century and a half. Its progress sometimes hailed and at other times found wanting, this relationship has been marked by the unchanging and even stereotypical terms in which it has been debated, including issues such as the separation of church and state, the status of women and the rights of non-Muslims. Each of these issues serves as a litmus test to measure the liberalism of Muslim individuals as well as societies, and each is also drawn from the real or imagined history of liberalism in Europe. However, as a historical and variable phenomenon, liberalism does not in fact possess a normative definition but constitutes a family of shifting and overlapping ideas having to do with the freedoms of property and contract, speech and movement, or of rights and representation....

“I’ll Dance for You, I’ll Dance for Me, I’ll Dance for the Sake of Dancingˮ

Hawwa ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Dorit Gottesfeld
Keyword(s):  
West Bank ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Status Of Women

Abstract This article examines ʿAtaba thaqīlat al-rūḥ (“Threshold of heavy spirit,” 2011), a novel by the new generation West Bank writer Māyā Abū l-Ḥayāt, who is considered one of the prominent new generation Palestinian West Bank writers, in which diverse and unique use of a dance motif is found. The article reviews the history of dance in Arab society and the meanings that it had in the past and currently has in Arab society and culture. It illustrates how Abū l-Ḥayāt uses each of these meanings throughout her novel in order to reveal the female soul and the status of women in Arab society. The article shows how Abū l-Ḥayāt incorporates this motif into her novel in a unique and original way, thus exposing woman’s yearning for freedom, creating a new feminine language and undermining accepted norms.

Women and Capitalism: Oppression or Emancipation? A Review Article

1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Working People ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transition To Capitalism ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Status Of Women

In the last few years, work in social history and the history of women has centred on the transition to capitalism and the great bourgeois political revolutions—also variously described as industrialization, urbanisation, and modernisation. Throughout this work runs a steady debate about the improvement or deterioration brought about by these changes in the lives of women and working people. On the whole, sociologists of the 1960s and early 1970s and many recent historians have been optimistic about the changes in women's position, while feminist and Marxist scholars have taken a much more gloomy view.1 There has been little debate between the two sides, yet the same opposed arguments about the impact of capitalism on the status of women crop up not only in accounts of Britain from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century, but also in work on women in the Third World, and cry out for critical assessment.

scholarly journals The place of language among sign systems: Juri Lotman and Émile Benveniste

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 339-354
Author(s):  
Remo Gramigna
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moscow School ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Modelling System

This paper seeks to shed light on an unwritten chapter in the history of Tartu semiotics, that is, to draw a parallel between Juri Lotman and Émile Benveniste on the status of natural language among other systems of signs. The tenet that language works as a ‘primary modelling system’ represents one of the trademarks of the Tartu-Moscow school. For Lotman, the primacy assigned to natural language in respect to other systems of signs lied in the fact that the former functions as a ‘model’ for the latter thus regarded as ‘secondary modelling systems’. Yet how does language carry out its function of being a model for other sign systems? Is language the only primary modelling system? This paper seeks to foster the abovementioned claim of the primacy of natural language and argues that this issue deserves a closer inspection. In order to follow this route, it suggests a parallel between Lotman and Benveniste arguing that there exist several points in common that lead to a convergence of positions between these two remarkable scholars. The paper explores such a possibility, arguing that Lotman’s and Benveniste’s positions open up an interesting debate with specific reference to the relations laid down between language and other system of signs.

Pijin and shifting language ideologies in urban Solomon Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Jourdan ◽  
Johanne Angeli
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Language Ideology ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Urban Identity ◽  
Linguistic Ideologies ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
Symbolic Domination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThrough the analysis of the various language ideologies that have shaped the sociolinguistic history of Pijin, the lingua franca of Solomon Islands, this article attempts to shed light on the peculiar complexity of the postcolonial linguistic situations where more prestigious and less prestigious languages coexist in the same sociological niche. These ideologies are: reciprocal multilingualism, hierarchical multilingualism, linguistic pragmatism, and linguistic nationalism. Specifically, the article focuses on the development and coalescence of linguistic ideologies that lead Pijin speakers to shift perceptions of Pijin—in a context of urban identity construction that acts as a force of its own. In the case of Pijin, linguistic legitimacy seems to be lagging behind social legitimacy. We show that the development of new ideologies can lead to the re-evaluation of the meaning of symbolic domination of one language (in this case English) over another one (Pijin), without necessarily challenging this symbolic domination. (Language ideology, youth, urbanization, pidgins and creoles, Solomon Islands)*

The Old Testament Also Needs Annotations: The National Bible Society of Scotland's Annotated Edition of the Book of Proverbs in the Mandarin Union Version

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-91
Author(s):  
GEORGE KAM WAH MAK
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Biblical Text ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Annotated Edition ◽  
Republican Era ◽  
The Status ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractThis article explores the path of the National Bible Society of Scotland (NBSS) to publishing its annotated edition of Proverbs in the Mandarin Union Version in China during the Republican era. After providing an overview of how the NBSS became the first Bible society to publish annotated Chinese Gospels and Acts in the 1890s, this article examines why it took more than three decades thereafter for the NBSS to publish an annotated edition of another biblical book. It argues that one of the main reasons was that the NBSS had difficulty securing reputable scholarly Protestant missionaries’ services to prepare the necessary annotations. Moreover, this article suggests that the familiarity of the Chinese people with short and pithy sayings was a condition favourable for the reception of Proverbs in China. This, together with the status of the Mandarin Union Version as the standard biblical text for Chinese Protestants, helps explain why the NBSS eventually published an annotated edition of Proverbs in the Mandarin Union Version. Annotations in that edition of Proverbs are analysed to understand how they could help bridge the gaps between Proverbs and its Chinese readers, so as to shed light on why such an edition of Proverbs was well-received as an evangelistic tool.

“Ecclesiastical Authority Terror”. The Downgrading of the Szigetszentmiklós Reformed Parish to Mission Parish in 1956

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-78
Author(s):  
Gábor Lányi
Keyword(s):  
Reformed Church ◽  
Ecclesiastical Authority ◽  
20Th Century History ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
State Relations ◽  
New Situation ◽  
The Church ◽  
Party State

"On 24 May 1956, Délpest Reformed Diocese – by the consent of the Danubi-an Reformed Church District– downgraded the Szigetszentmiklós Reformed Parish to the status of mission parish. The 700 members strong, almost 400 hundred years old parish’s chief elder was also relieved of his duties whilst the consistory was dis-solved. The downgrading of the long-standing parish, the dissolution of the elected consistory, and the deprivation of its right to elect its minister gave rise to protests both inside and outside the parish. An array of scandals, disciplinary issues, and dif-ficult as well as intricate lawsuits followed. The matter also generated waves in the entire Reformed Church since the presidium of the diocese overlooked the ecclesias-tic rules and regulations, ordering the downgrade without the consent of the dioce-san assembly –also assisted by the presidium of the church district–, accepting the new situation and appointing the mission minister. The case of Szigetszentmiklós is a great example to understand the global pic-ture of the actions taken against the disloyal ministers and consistories by the ecclesi-astic governance intertwined with the one-party state. Keywords: Hungarian Reformed Church during communism, church–state relations during communism, 20th-century history of the Reformed Church in Hungary, cold war, Albert Bereczky, Szigetszentmiklós."

Tudor Humanists, London Printers, and the Status of Women: The Struggle over Livy in theQuerelle des Femmes

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-79
Author(s):  
John-Mark Philo
Keyword(s):  
Querelle Des Femmes ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Status Of Women

AbstractThis essay discusses a novel contribution to the Renaissance debate over women. In 1551, William Thomas translated a brief but significant moment from Livy’sHistory of Romeconcerning the repeal of the Lex Oppia, a sumptuary law targeting women in particular. Thomas thereby adapted one of the most arresting examples of women’s engagement in Roman politics. The episode shows the women of Rome taking to the streets to demand the law’s repeal, forcing senators and tribunes alike to acknowledge their protest. By contextualizing Thomas’s translation amid Quattrocento debates over female apparel and contemporary, female-centric works printed by Thomas Berthelet, Thomas’s translation emerges as a clear though hitherto-unacknowledged intervention in the Englishquerelle des femmes.

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