Melissus And His Opponents: The Argument of DK 30 B 8

Phronesis ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Makin
Keyword(s):  
Prima Facie ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Argument ◽  
Orthodox Interpretation ◽  
Realist Position ◽  
The World ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
The One

AbstractIn this paper I offer a new interpretation of Melissus' argument at DK 30 B8.In this passage Melissus uses an Eleatic argument against change to challenge an opponent who appeals to the authority of perception in order to support the view that there are a plurality of items in the world. I identify an orthodox type of approach to this passage, but argue that it cannot give a charitable interpretation of Melissus' strategy. In order to assess Melissus' overall argument we have to identify the opponent at whom it is aimed. The orthodox interpretation of the argument faces a dilemma: Melissus' argument is either a poor argument against a plausible opponent or a good argument against an implausible opponent.My interpretation turns on identifying a new target for Melissus' argument. I explain the position I call Bluff Realism (contrasting it with two other views: the Pig Headed and the Fully Engaged). These are positions concerning the dialectical relation between perception on the one hand, and arguments to counter-perceptual conclusions on the other. I argue that Bluff Realism represents a serious threat from an Eleatic point of view, and is prima facie an attractive position in its own right.I then give a charitable interpretation of Melissus' argument in DK 30 B8, showing how he produces a strong and incisive argument against the Bluff Realist position I have identified. Melissus emerges as an innovative and astute philosopher.

scholarly journals Ethnolinguistics in etymological research

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mariola Jakubowicz
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Traditional Evaluation

The article is devoted to the relationship between etymology and ethnolinguistics, with particular reference to the usefulness of ethnolinguistic research in the work of etymologists. In the last thirty years numerous Slavists have combined their interest in one of these branches with an application of their research in the other branch. The article focuses on ethnolinguistics as it is represented in Słownik stereotypów i symboli ludowych [Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols], which explores mainly texts of folklore. It presents links binding two directions of research: (1) relations between elements of the world, from the immediate environment to the Cosmos, considered from the point of view of texts of folklore on the one hand and etymology on the other; (2) analyses of synonymous and antonymous conceptual pairs that manifest parallelism both in folklore and etymology; (3) traditional evaluation and the associated linguistic taboo.

Platonisches Denken heute

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Socratic Dialogue ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Politics And Political Science ◽  
New Interpretation ◽  
Systematic Point ◽  
The One

Is Plato’s philosophy still relevant for current issues in politics and political science? In order to answer this question, the contributions to this volume endeavour to re-read the Platonic dialogues and to interpret them in terms of textual hermeneutics on the one hand. On the other hand, they refer to Plato from a systematic point of view and apply his philosophy, in particular the method of Socratic dialogue, to discussions on contemporary political issues. The volume is dedicated to Barbara Zehnpfennig, whose works aim at making Socratic–Platonic philosophy fruitful for the present on the basis of a new interpretation of Plato’s philosophy. With contributions by Anke Adamik, Sarah Al-Taher, Viktoria Bachmann, Philip Breuer, Johanna Falk-Seifert, Bettina Fröhlich, Benjamin A. Hahn, Hendrik Hansen, Thomas Haslböck, Raul Heimann, Johannes Frank Hoerlin, Vanessa Jansche, Peter Kainz, Christina Kast, Eva-Maria Kaufmann, Ulrich Kühn, Laura Martena, Julian Obenauer, Victor Peneff und Thomas Wimmer.

The genres of documentary novel of the “Neue Sachlichkeit” and the problem of cognition

Neophilology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 502-509
Author(s):  
Olga A. Dronova
Keyword(s):  
Literary Text ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Neue Sachlichkeit ◽  
The World ◽  
Documentary Fiction ◽  
The One

We consider genre typology of documentary novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit”: a “report” novel, a “novel of fact” and a documentary montage novel. The proposed classification is based on the different nature of the interaction of narrative and document in these types of novels. In the “report” novel the narration is conducted from the point of view of the observer, the literary text appears as a testimony, the document of an era. The “novel of fact” is based on real documents that are partially or fully integrated into the artistic whole. In the montage novel fragments of doc-umentary material and narrative are connected with each other associatively, resulting in a frag-mentary image of the world. We analyze the novels of 1920s – early 1930s by J. Roth, A. Doeblin, E. Ottwalt, E. Reger, R. Brunngraber and E. Koeppen. We substantiate the conception, that the problem of cognition acquires special importance in the documentary-fiction novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit”. On the one hand, the hero of the novels is trying to understand the changed social reality. On the other hand, documentary-fiction novels of “Neue Sachlichkeit” require special way of reading: they are designed to activate the reader's perception, to teach the reader to recreate a complete picture of reality based on the comparison of different ways of its image: narrative, evi-dence and documents.

scholarly journals Divine Justice and the Issue of Evil in Sahifa Al-Sajjadiyya

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Mahdieh Sodeif Motlagh
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Divine Justice ◽  
The World ◽  
Theological Foundations ◽  
Human World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Devil

The issue of "divine justice", which is the one of the most important doctrinal principles and a characteristic of the theological religions such Shiite and Mu'tazilite, in fact is one of the Perfect Attributes of Allah and due to its indescribable importance, it has a special place in doctrinal discussions. On the other hand, the existence of evils and calamities, poverty and deprivation, oppression and disease and moral corruption, and even the manner of punishment in the hereafter, always raises doubts in the human mind and calls into question Allah's justice. The generality of such suspicions has led Islamic thinkers to solve these problems in defense of divine justice. In this regard, the present study seeks to use the words of the fourth Shiite Imam in the divine invocations of the complete Sahifa Al_ Sajjadiyya, to achieve the theological foundations to solve some evil doubts in the realm of creation and the human world. The method of collecting materials in this research is library and the research method is "descriptive -analytical". After investigations, it became clear that from Imam Sajjad's point of view, neglecting and inclining the soul to the world and other than Allah, and consequently being caught in the trap of the devil and carnal soul, and contamination with sin and transgression, is the real evil. According to him, the divine test and punishment and return to the truth, the flourishing of talents and the appreciation of blessings are the benefits of evil and suffering. also meanings such as: the inherent richness of the Almighty, the bestowal of goodness and abundant blessings, the guidance of the servants to the good religion and the punishment of the same action in the prayers of Imam (A.S), all three types of genetic justice, legislative justice and criminal justice can be proved.

The Inherence and Directedness of Powers

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Stathis Psillos
Keyword(s):  
Actual World ◽  
Prima Facie ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Passive Power ◽  
Internal Coherence ◽  
The One

Stathis Psillos explores a fundamental ontological puzzle pertaining to powers, in the editors’ opinion perhaps the most fundamental one, namely the internal coherence of their dual nature. On the one hand, powers are intrinsic properties of their objects. They are really and truly predicated of their subjects because they are, strictly speaking, constituents of their subjects. Thus their beings are tied to their objects in a way that makes the rest of the world irrelevant for them, and this way is typically characterized through a counterfactual: even if everything else in the world were different, or if nothing else existed in the world, object X would possess any and all powers Φ‎ that it now possesses in the actual world. But, on the other hand, powers are also directed toward their manifestations. This notion of directed is somewhat vague and difficult to nail down, but at the very least it prima facie implies that powers in some important way depend on something external to them and their object. The implication and its externality are crystal clear in most cases: an active/passive power requires the existence of its co-relative as a necessary condition for that power’s ever being manifested. And insofar as the existence of a power depends on the possibility of its being manifested, the existence of any power Φ‎ now seems to require the existence of its co-relatives and, consequently, the bearers of those co-relatives.

scholarly journals Food safety of plant origin food

2012 ◽  
pp. 161-164
Author(s):  
Zoltán Győri
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

Expectation regarding changes related to food production, transportation, distribution and marketing have changed considerably in several regions of the world over the past decades. It is especially true for highly industrialized countries where not only the food security is important but the food safety is essential too. The concentration of production – processing – distribution involves the danger on the one hand products of unsuitable quality from point of view of nutritional physiology and the other hand ones that may contain substances harmful to human health will become widespread among consumers. We investigated the heavy metal, pesticide remains and mycotoxin content of different plant products.

scholarly journals “All Them Aliens Had It”: Pinter’s Cosmopolitanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Sakellaridou
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Actions

Throughout his life Pinter always showed, both as artist and as social being, a profound respect for the rights of the individual and human dignity. His dramatic output as well as his overt political activity demonstrate his unbroken adherence to the ideology and behaviour of a citizen of the world. My endeavour in this paper will be to argue about what I shall call Pinter’s visceral cosmopolitanism. This approach, on the one hand, reads his political actions through the highly politicized agenda of the contemporary cosmopolitan discourse and, on the other hand, it adopts a more retrospective point of view, which seeks to find a fundamental correspondence between the Pinteresque uncertainty, fear and ambiguity and Immanuel Kant’s rather more ethical understanding of cosmopolitanism, especially his novel idea of hospitality.

Ludwig Wittgenstein As a Fictional Character. Part I

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Oxana A. Koval ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina B. Kriukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
The One

In these latter days, there is a clear tendency towards convergence in the com­plex relationship between the two language practices – fiction and philosophy. On the one hand, philosophy increasingly turns to the interpretation of important literary texts. On the other hand, literature responds to the challenges of modern thought. This paper focuses on the creative heritage and personality of Ludwig Wittgenstein, the main initiator of “linguistic turn”, from the point of view not of philosophical, but of literary reception. The art of the word in the 20th century was strongly charged due to the language problems. That is why it could not pass over in silence the philosopher, who showed that language activity is one of the fundamental factors in understanding the world. Different authors, such as Terry Eagleton, Bruce Duffy, Winfried G. Sebald, Umberto Eco, Edgar Lawrence Doctorow, Arkadii Dragomoshchenko, brought out in their works – directly or indirectly – a character undoubtedly similar to Wittgenstein. Eventually, the combination of different aspects creates an integral portrait of the Austrian thinker, representing an adequate alternative to philosophical approaches. The fic­titious space of literature allows us to show something that philosophy is unable to say – because of its disciplinary limits and its need to stay inside the facts and laws of logic. This confirms the well-known thesis of “Tractatus Logico-Philo­sophicus”: “What can be shown, cannot be said” (4.1212).

In the Name of Environmental Education: Words and Things in the Complex Territory of Education—Environment—Development Relations

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio Caride Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Education Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

The proclamation of the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development by the United Nations has placed education in general, and environmental education in particular, at the front of a future full of important and uncertain meanings. On the one hand, those inviting a conceptual, theoretical and praxiological revision of the education–environment–development relationship appeal to the role of education in the construction of ‘sustainability’ and lifestyles that will make it possible. On the other hand, there are those that anticipate new and different readings of the environmental educative task. They range from the questioning of its historic entity and identity (more than 30 years of initiatives, plans and programmes across the world) to the firm demand for its proposals to provide an ‘education’ that is essential for the renewal of human action and thought. The article subscribes to the latter position, arguing in favour of the necessity of an environmental education that does not contradict itself, neither in its critical-reflexive discourses nor in its emancipative practices, as a fundamental pillar of any development that aims at being ‘human’ and ‘sustainable’ from a pedagogical, ecological and social point of view.

Indonesian Literature’s Position in World Literature

TEKNOSASTIK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dina Amelia
Keyword(s):  
World Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Western World ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Voice

There are two most inevitable issues on national literature, in this case Indonesian literature. First is the translation and the second is the standard of world literature. Can one speak for the other as a representative? Why is this representation matter? Does translation embody the voice of the represented? Without translation Indonesian literature cannot gain its recognition in world literature, yet, translation conveys the voice of other. In the case of production, publication, or distribution of Indonesian Literature to the world, translation works can be very beneficial. The position of Indonesian literature is as a part of world literature. The concept that the Western world should be the one who represent the subaltern can be overcome as long as the subaltern performs as the active speaker. If the subaltern remains silent then it means it allows the “representation” by the Western.

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