Long-term persistence of song performance rules in nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos): a longitudinal field study on repertoire size and composition

AbstractCommon nightingales (Luscinia megarhynchos) are among those bird species that possess an extremely large repertoire and perform it in a versatile singing style. Thereby, repertoire size, composition, and performance differs considerably among individuals. In this longitudinal field study, we investigated the long-term stability of these differences in the song characteristics of free-ranging nightingales. We determined the repertoire characteristics for nine adult male individuals in two successive years (three of these individuals were investigated over the course of three years) and compared these to similar measurements obtained from comparisons of song samples of different birds. Comparisons revealed remarkable differences among males, but we did not find systematic differences in the song performance of birds in successive years. Instead, song characteristics were remarkably stable within successive years. The long-term persistence of individual song characteristics suggests that they are not related to dynamically changing individual attributes, but may reflect long-term storage of information during song acquisition as juveniles. In addition, we found that the repertoire performance of adult nightingales allows fine-tuned vocal interactions among several neighbouring males.

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The Behaviours of Cementitious Materials in Long Term Storage and Disposal: An Overview of Results of the IAEA Coordinated Research Project

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1193-663 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 1193 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Zoran Drace ◽

Michael I. Ojovan

Keyword(s):

Cementitious Materials ◽

Research Project ◽

Main Research ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Research Organizations ◽

And Performance ◽

Long Term Performance ◽

Term Performance ◽

Cementitious Systems

AbstractCementitious materials are widely used in waste management systems with different aims and requirements for long term performance. Both conventional and novel cementitious materials are used to create reliable immobilising elements for safe storage and disposal of wastes. The barrier elements as well as interactions envisaged between various components are important to ultimately ensure the overall safety of a storage/disposal system. The behaviour and performance of cementitious materials including waste package components, wasteform and backfilling were analysed within the IAEA Coordinated Research Project which involved 26 research organizations from 21 Member States MS). The paper presents briefly the main research outcomes for conventional cementitious systems; novel materials and technologies; testing and waste acceptance criteria; and modelling long term behaviour.

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Designing an Event Store for a Modern Three-layer Storage Hierarchy

Datenbank-Spektrum ◽

10.1007/s13222-020-00356-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 211-222

Author(s):

Nikolaus Glombiewski ◽

Philipp Götze ◽

Michael Körber ◽

Andreas Morgen ◽

Bernhard Seeger

Keyword(s):

Memory Systems ◽

Main Memory ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Trade Offs ◽

Storage Solutions ◽

Three Layer Architecture ◽

And Performance ◽

Difficult Challenge ◽

Storage Hierarchy

Abstract Event stores face the difficult challenge of continuously ingesting massive temporal data streams while satisfying demanding query and recovery requirements. Many of today’s systems deal with multiple hardware-based trade-offs. For instance, long-term storage solutions balance keeping data in cheap secondary media (SSDs, HDDs) and performance-oriented main-memory caches. As an alternative, in-memory systems focus on performance, while sacrificing monetary costs, and, to some degree, recovery guarantees. The advent of persistent memory (PMem) led to a multitude of novel research proposals aiming to alleviate those trade-offs in various fields. So far, however, there is no proposal for a PMem-powered specialized event store. Based on ChronicleDB, we will present several complementary approaches for a three-layer architecture featuring main memory, PMem, and secondary storage. We enhance some of ChronicleDB’s components with PMem for better insertion and query performance as well as better recovery guarantees. At the same time, the three-layer architecture aims to keep the overall dollar cost of a system low. The limitations and opportunities of a PMem-enhanced event store serve as important groundwork for comprehensive system design exploiting a modern storage hierarchy.

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Universal Features in the Singing of Birds Uncovered by Comparative Research

Our Nature ◽

10.3126/on.v6i1.1648 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Haimanti Bhattacharya ◽

J. Cirillo ◽

D. Todt

Keyword(s):

Bird Species ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Data Sets ◽

Syllable Repetition ◽

Luscinia Megarhynchos ◽

The Common ◽

And Performance ◽

Species Specific ◽

Thrush Nightingale ◽

Song Repertoires

Aside from some exceptions, songbird species differ in the structure of their singing and usually also in the size and performance mode their song repertoires. In the past, most studies concentrated on the species specific differences of singing, and thereby contributed to a better understanding of their diversity. In our approach, however, we focussed on the opposite perspective; i.e. we investigated whether and how far songbirds share structural song properties. To have a solid data base we focussed on four species of thrushes which were famous for their large vocal repertoires. The two Asian bird species were Oriental Magpie Robins (Copsychus saularis) and Shama Thrushes (Copsychus malabaricus), the two European species the Common Nightingale (Luscinia megarhynchos) and the Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia). The latter were incorporated into a sample 40 other European songbird species (Table 1) serving as a framework for our comparative approach (Figure 2, 4). Besides well-known differences among species, our analyses of song material yielded some remarkably similar relationships between structural and functional song properties, which often were shared even by unrelated species. In particular measures of song durations were usually related to song application during vocal interaction. And, individual variation of song duration was mainly a result of differences in syllable repetition within trilled song sections. Although some of these findings were predicted already by former studies (see Todt, 2004), their essentials can be based now on profound data sets of detailed measurement.Keywords: European Thrushes, Asian Thrushes, Copsychus saularis, C. malabaricus, song structure, signal lengths.doi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1648Our Nature (2008)6:1-14

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What are the strengths and limitations of direct and indirect assessment of dispersal? Insights from a long-term field study in a group-living bird species

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ◽

10.1007/s00265-013-1663-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (3) ◽

pp. 485-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Michael Griesser ◽

Peter Halvarsson ◽

Tobias Sahlman ◽

Jan Ekman

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Bird Species ◽

Group Living ◽

Indirect Assessment ◽

Term Field

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MINIMUM IRRIGATION OF LANDSCAPE GROUNDCOVERS.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.570a ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 570a-570

Author(s):

D.R. Pittenger ◽

Donald R. Hodel ◽

David A. Shaw ◽

D.B. Holt

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Reference Evapotranspiration ◽

Plant Performance ◽

Performance Ratings ◽

Twin Peaks ◽

Aesthetic Appearance ◽

General Decline ◽

Vinca Major ◽

And Performance

A previous field study had shown that Baccharis pilularis, `Twin Peaks', Drosanthemum hispidum, Vinca major, Gazania hybrid, Potentilla tabernaemontanii and Hedera helix, `Needlepoint', express no loss in relative aesthetic appearance when irrigated for one season at 50% of reference evapotranspiration (ETo), but three species did not perform acceptably at 25% of ETo. In this study these six species were grown in the field for 16 months under treatments of 50%, 40%, 30% and 20% of real-time ETo to more closely determine their minimum irrigation needs. Analysis of seasonal plant performance ratings indicates that for Vinca, Gazania and Potentilla there is no significant increase in relative performance when irrigated at more than 30% of ETo. Baccharis, Drosanthemum and Hedera exhibited no significant improvement in performance when irrigated above 20% of ETo. A general decline in aesthetic appearance and performance was observed during the study in Gazania and Potentilla at all treatments, suggesting that their long-term minimum irrigation need may be more than 50% of ETo.

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Preparation And elemental analysis of ancient fibers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100126846 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 410-411

Author(s):

Allen Angel ◽

Kathryn A. Jakes

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Energy Dispersive ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

X Ray ◽

Long Term Storage ◽

Backscattered Electron ◽

Electron Imaging

Fabrics recovered from archaeological sites often are so badly degraded that fiber identification based on physical morphology is difficult. Although diagenetic changes may be viewed as destructive to factors necessary for the discernment of fiber information, changes occurring during any stage of a fiber's lifetime leave a record within the fiber's chemical and physical structure. These alterations may offer valuable clues to understanding the conditions of the fiber's growth, fiber preparation and fabric processing technology and conditions of burial or long term storage (1).Energy dispersive spectrometry has been reported to be suitable for determination of mordant treatment on historic fibers (2,3) and has been used to characterize metal wrapping of combination yarns (4,5). In this study, a technique is developed which provides fractured cross sections of fibers for x-ray analysis and elemental mapping. In addition, backscattered electron imaging (BSI) and energy dispersive x-ray microanalysis (EDS) are utilized to correlate elements to their distribution in fibers.

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Investigating the Unified Motive Scales

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000571 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Martin Bettschart ◽

Marcel Herrmann ◽

Benjamin M. Wolf ◽

Veronika Brandstätter

Keyword(s):

Field Study ◽

Predictive Validity ◽

Selection Process ◽

Police Department ◽

Longitudinal Field ◽

Explicit Motives ◽

Achievement Motive

Abstract. Explicit motives are well-studied in the field of personality and motivation psychology. However, the statistical overlap of different explicit motive measures is only moderate. As a consequence, the Unified Motive Scales (UMS; Schönbrodt & Gerstenberg, 2012 ) were developed to improve the measurement of explicit motives. The present longitudinal field study examined the predictive validity of the UMS achievement motive subscale. Applicants of a police department ( n = 168, Mage = 25.11, 53 females and 115 males) completed the UMS and their performance in the selection process was assessed. As expected, UMS achievement predicted success in the selection process. The findings provide first evidence for the predictive validity of UMS achievement in an applied setting.

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