Response To Con- and Heterospecific Male Odours By the Voles Micro Tus a Grestis, M. Arvalis and Clethrionomys Glareolus With Respect To Competition for Space

Behaviour ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 73 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 277-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit De Jonge
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Microtus Agrestis ◽  
Heterospecific Male ◽  
Competition For Space ◽  
Per Se

AbstractAdults of Microtus agrestis, M. arvalis and Clethrionomys glareolus were offered the opportunity to explore an experimental alley, a section of which contained male odours of either of the three species. Neither of the species explored one of the sections of the alley more than the other one if the choice was between a section with conspecific odour and a non-odorous section. Both M. agrestis and C. glareolus preferred the non-odorous section when the choice was between M. arvalis odour and a non-odorous section. If an encounter with another vole was arranged in the alley before the opportunity was given to explore the partly odorous alley, then some additional avoiding responses to odours were assessed. M. agrestis now avoided both alien male conspecific odours and its own home cage odours. M. arvalis now avoided both the odours of C. glareolus and M. agrestis. Other responses to odours were not affected by an encounter. An encounter per se did not lead a vole to avoid the place where it had taken place. The survival value and the possible role of the avoiding tendencies in intra- and interspecific competition for space are discussed. Probably, odour avoidance is only an additional way in the communication between voles.

When a Daring Chemistry Meets a Boring Chemistry: The Reception of Mendeleev’s Periodic System in Sweden

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Lundgren
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Periodic System ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
History Of Chemistry ◽  
System P ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Se

The reception of Mendeleev’s periodic system in Sweden was not a dramatic episode. The system was accepted almost without discussion, but at the same time with no exclamation marks or any other outbursts of enthusiasm. There are but a few weak short-lived critical remarks. That was all. I will argue that the acceptance of the system had no overwhelming effect on chemical practice in Sweden. At most, it strengthened its characteristics. It is actually possible to argue that chemistry in Sweden was more essential for the periodic system than the other way around. My results might therefore suggest that we perhaps have to reevaluate the role of Mendeleev’s system in the history of chemistry. Chemistry in Sweden at the end of the nineteenth century can be characterized as a classifying science, with chemists very skilled in analysis, and as mainly an atheoretical science, which treated theories at most only as hypothesis—the slogan of many chemists being “facts persist, theories vanish.” Thanks to these characteristics, by the end of the nineteenth century, chemistry in Sweden had developed into, it must be said, a rather boring chemistry. This is obviously not to say that it is boring to study such a chemistry. Rather, it gives us an example of how everyday science, a part of science too often neglected but a part that constitutes the bulk of all science done, is carried out. One purpose of this study is to see how a theory, considered to be important in the history of chemistry, influenced everyday science. One might ask what happened when a daring chemistry met a boring chemistry. What happened when a theory, which had been created by a chemist who has been described as “not a laboratory chemist,” met an atheoretical experimental science of hard laboratory work and, as was said, the establishment of facts? Furthermore, could we learn something about the role of the periodic system per se from the study of such a meeting? Mendeleev’s system has often been considered important for teaching, and his attempts to write a textbook are often taken as the initial step in the chain of thoughts that led to the periodic system.

The Bastards (Why Socrates Quotes Theognis)

2018 ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Matus Porubjak
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
View Point ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One

The paper deals with the so-called “Theognidean dilemma” in Plato’s Meno. The author tries to answer the question, if aretê is a matter of teaching or a natural human endowment from the view point of the Theognidea collection. First, he tries to identify both the ‘eugenic’ and the ‘didactic’ tendencies of the Theognidea and compare them. Then, he turns to the role of Kyrnos’ character in the collection. The author concludes that neither Kyrnos nor Theognis are historical personalities per se; primarily they are models, like the characters of Socratic dialogues. On the one hand, we have the moderate Theognis, the poet, master and erômenos with a sense of measure and justice, and on the other hand the erratic Kyrnos, the handsome and gifted erastês with a tendency to intemperance and hubris. Like Kyrnos, Meno in Plato’s dialogue is able to improve his skills and became moderate, but eventually, he fails in life. By choosing Theognis, Plato seems to reflect this similarity. From the viewpoint of the Theognidea, there is no contradiction in the verses quoted by Socrates in Meno. The position seems to be clear and “eugenic” in principle. Low-borns will never become good, but good high-borns often fail. The riddle of high-born failure is present in the works of many authors of the 5th and 4th centuries. All they are asking is how those who are destined to rule and be ex-cellent by birth and education can fail so much, as well as how society can be saved from ‘bastardization’. This issue links the Theognidea with Meno, and the quoted verses beautifully fit the topic of the dialogue.

Translation historiography in the Modern World

Target ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Azadibougar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Literary System ◽  
Positive Force

Nearly all scholarly works about the encounter of Iran with European modernity emphasize the role of translation not only in introducing new literary forms into the Persian literary system, but also in becoming the main engine of change and modernization of the culture. This paper concerns itself with this constructivist narrative of the available historiographical discourse and the translational environment between 1851 and 1921 in Iran. After describing the field of translation in the period in question, I challenge the uncritical conception of translation as a positive force by, on the one hand, investigating hypothetical cultural and linguistic implications, and on the other hand, questioning the power of translation per se, as ascribed to it in the above mentioned historiographical discourse, in socio-cultural modernization. This will prioritize the individual and cultural translational effects over the supposed institutional ones.

scholarly journals Reservoir animals for nephropathia epidemica in Norway: indications of a major role for the bank vole (C. glareolus) in comparison with the woodmouse (A. sylvaticus)

1985 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Inger Sommer ◽  
T. Traavik ◽  
R. Mehl ◽  
B. P. Berdal ◽  
J. M. Dalrymple
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Nephropathia Epidemica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
Small Rodents ◽  
Viral Antigens ◽  
Bank Voles ◽  
Human Infections

SUMMARYSmall rodents were collected live in two different locations within a nephropathia epidemica (NE) endemic area, and tested for both antiviral serum antibodies and viral antigens in lung sections. In one location, only Apodemus sylvaticus (woodmice) were found in the traps, in the other, both A. sylvaticus and Clethrionomys glareolus (bank voles) were collected.Among the woodmice from the former location the prevalence of NE virus markers was significantly lower than for either woodmice or bank voles from the other location, and no NE antigen-positive animals was found. The woodmice co-existing with bank voles had a lower prevalence of NE antigen and antibodies than the bank voles, and fewer woodmice had both antibodies and antigen. The results emphasize the important role of bank voles as a major NE virus reservoir and probable source of human infections.

scholarly journals Interpreting in psychiatry: a clinician's perspective. Commentary on … The need for measurable standards in mental health interpreting

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 124-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seamus MacSuibhne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Mental Health Professional ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Per Se ◽  
The One

SummaryCambridge et al describe the neglect into which consideration of the role of the interpreter in the encounter between patient and mental health professional has fallen. Much of what little literature exists on the topic is concerned with adverse events related to interpreting, rather than the interpreter's role per se. Cambridge et al are to be commended for a paper which may help bridge the gap between theory and practice of interpretation on the one side and psychiatry on the other.

scholarly journals Lab-Sophistication: Does Repeated Participation in Laboratory Experiments Affect Pro-Social Behaviour?

Games ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Medda ◽  
Vittorio Pelligra ◽  
Tommaso Reggiani
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Methodological Question ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Per Se ◽  
High Level

Experimental social scientists working at research-intensive institutions deal inevitably with subjects who have most likely participated in previous experiments. It is an important methodological question to know whether participants that have acquired a high level of lab-sophistication show altered pro-social behavioural patterns. In this paper, we focus both on the potential effect of the subjects’ lab-sophistication, and on the role of the knowledge about the level of lab-sophistication of the other participants. Our main findings show that while lab-sophistication per se does not significantly affect pro-social behaviour, for sophisticated subjects the knowledge about the counterpart’s level of (un)sophistication may systematically alter their choices. This result should induce caution among experimenters about whether, in their settings, information about lab-sophistication can be inferred by the participants, due to the characteristics of the recruitment mechanisms, the management of the experimental sessions or to other contextual clues.

The role of high rates of glycolysis and glutamine utilization in rapidly dividing cells

1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Newsholme ◽  
B. Crabtree ◽  
M. S. M. Ardawi
Keyword(s):  
Partial Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Pathway ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macromolecular Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Characteristics ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Very High

The rates of utilization of both glucose and glutamine are high in rapidly dividing ceils such as enterocytes, lymphocytes, thymocytes, tumour cells; the oxidation of both glucose and glutamine is only partial, glucose to lactate and glutamine to glutamate, alanine or aspartate; and these partial processes are termed glycolysis and glutaminolysis respectively. Both processes generate energy and also provide precursors for important biosynthetic processes in such cells. However, the rates of utilization of precursors for macromolecular biosynthesis are very low in comparison to the rates oi partial oxidation, and energy generation per se may not be the correct explanation for high rates of glycolysis and glutaminolysis in these cells since oxidation is only partial and other fuels can be used to generate energy. Both the high fluxes and the metabolic characteristics of these two processes can be explained by application of quantitative principles of control as applied to branched metabolic pathway s (Crabtree & Newsholme, 1985). If the flux through one branch is greatly in excess of the other, then the sensitivity of the flux of the low-flux pathway to regulators is very high. Hence, it is suggested that, in rapidly dividing ceils, high rates of glycolysis and gtutaminolysis are required not for energy or precursor provision per se but for high sensitivity of the pathways involved in the use of precursors for macromolecular synthesis to specific regulators to permithigh rates of proliferation when required for example, in lymphocytes in response to a massive infection.

scholarly journals Incidence of Reported Disability among Men: Accounting for Self Selection

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Robert A. Nakosteen ◽  
Michael Zimmer
Keyword(s):  
Population Survey ◽  
The Other ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Endogenous Selection ◽  
Health Impairments ◽  
The U.S

<p><em>A large volume of research has investigated consequences of physical and health impairments with respect to labor force attachments and earnings of persons with disabilities. Many of these studies are based on data sources in which individual disability status is self-reported. Considerably less attention has been devoted to factors that determine self-reported disability. The contribution of this paper is in its distinction between two aspects of endogenous selection in the transition from self-declared nondisability to disability status. On one hand, measured earnings and income might exert a direct effect on the individual’s propensity to report disability. On the other hand, some individuals possess unmeasured traits that might simultaneously affect their earnings and their propensity to report a disability. Based on samples of individuals from the U.S. Current Population Survey at two points in time, and using individuals who initially do not report a disability, this study looks for an explicit role of earnings per se in the reporting decision. Second, it examines whether transitions to disability between the two periods occur in the presence of correlation between unmeasured factors present in both earnings during the first period and the subsequent decision to report a disability. </em><em></em></p>

Pathways to Single Motherhood: Sexual Intercourse, Adoption, and Donor Insemination

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith M. Siegel
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Single Parent ◽  
Married Women ◽  
The Other ◽  
Donor Insemination ◽  
Single Motherhood ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Exploratory quantitative and qualitative analyses were used to compare the perceptions of premotherhood preparation and the means of coping with motherhood among three groups of single mothers (those who conceived by sexual intercourse, those who adopted, and those who conceived by donor insemination) and married women who conceived by sexual intercourse. The pathway to motherhood influenced the single women's premotherhood thinking about the role of a father in their child's life in that the sexual-intercourse mothers were less likely than either of the other two groups to mention that a father's absence is hard on a child or to mention that most kids end up without fathers anyway. The only group that reported any significant distress was a subgroup of sexual-intercourse single mothers whose pregnancies were unplanned. These findings suggest that single motherhood per se is not associated with difficulties but that the adjustment to motherhood is influenced by whether the choice to become a single parent occurs before or after conception.

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