Olfactory Preferences of Inbred Mice (Mus Musculus) for Their Own Strain and for Siblings: Effects of Strain, Sex and Cross-Fostering

Behaviour ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 78 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 314-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Partridge ◽  
Bruno D'Udine
Keyword(s):  
Foster Parents ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Slight Degree ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Olfactory Preferences ◽  
Cross Fostering

Abstract1. Mice of two inbred strains (C57 BL 6/J and SEC I ReJ) were tested for their preferences for the smells of bedding used by mice of the opposite sex of the same two strains. 2. C57 males and females showed no significant preference between the smell of C57 and SEC and this result was unaffected if the mice were reared by SEC foster-parents. 3. SEC males and females preferred the smell of SEC to the smell of C57 and this result was unaffected if the mice were reared by C57 foster-parents. 4. Males of both strains preferred the smell of non-siblings of their own strain to the smell of siblings. Rearing by foster-parents of the other strain reversed this preference; the males then preferred the smell of siblings. 5. C57 females preferred the smell of siblings to the smell of non-siblings of the same strain and this result was unaffected by rearing by SEC foster-parents. 6. Female SEC showed no significant sibling preferences and this result was unaffected by rearing by C57 foster-parents. 7. The results are consistent with the idea that mice prefer a slight degree of unfamiliarity in the smell of the opposite sex but they also suggest that what was judged as unfamilar differed between the two strains.

Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Brodsky ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Darrell G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Potential Mate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.

Sex-Typing of Leisure Activities: A Current Appraisal

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Recent Trend ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Sex Type ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Interest And Knowledge ◽  
A Current

One of the effects of the recent trend to equalize the sexes has been a greater awareness and effort on the part of women to participate in and become associated with activities formerly engaged in predominantly by males. In the present study, 65 males and 62 females were asked to indicate their knowledge of, interest in, and the degree to which, each of 29 skill-activities were associated with one sex or the other. Seven of the skill-activities were reliably sex-typed as masculine and six were reliably sex-typed as feminine by both males and females. Correlations of interest and knowledge with the sex type of the activities indicated a bias against activities associated with the opposite sex.

Preference for the other sex: Olfactory sex recognition in terrestrial fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra)

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Steinfartz ◽  
Barbara A. Caspers
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Chemical Cues ◽  
Significant Preference ◽  
Sex Recognition ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Intraspecific Communication ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Salamandra Salamandra ◽  
Salamander Species ◽  
Preference Tests

AbstractFinding a potential mate, that is an individual of the opposite sex, is a fundamental step for sexual reproduction in animal species. Signals involved in the context of mate attraction are mediated by acoustic, visual, and/or chemical signals. For amphibians in general, and especially for many newt and salamander species, chemical cues are known to play important roles in inter- and intraspecific communication. We therefore investigated the use of olfactory cues for sex recognition in terrestrial fire salamanders (Salamandra salamandra) that belong to the group of true salamanders within the Salamandridae. Specifically, we performed odor preference tests with adult salamanders of both sexes and tested whether substrate-borne chemical cues provide sex-specific signals. We found an overall preference for chemical cues of the opposite sex, i.e. males and females differed significantly in their preference for a specific sex. Females spent significantly more time in the compartment with the chemical cues of a male, whereas males did not show a significant preference, but in general more males preferred the compartment with the chemical cues of a female. Our results suggest that fire salamanders are capable to discriminate the sex of conspecific individuals based on pure chemical cues. We discuss our results in the light of the presence of dorsal glands in the males' cloaca of true salamander species, from which pheromones can be directly released onto the substrate.

Lethal mutations in Euphydryas aurinea beckeri (Lederer, 1853) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from Sierra Blanca, Malaga, Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-216
Author(s):  
Jim Pateman ◽  
Peter Russell
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Normal Males

Two Euphydryas aurinea beckeri females from Sierra Blanca, Malaga, Spain were captured and returned to the U.K.; each laid a single egg batch on Succisa pratensis. Both batches hatched and the resulting larvae were reared through to adulthood. One group of larvae produced butterflies with three different mutations: pupae with spines, legs lacking distal tarsals and claws, and with appendages attached to the genitalia which protruded though the rear of the abdomens in both males and females. The other group of larvae produced normal males and females.

scholarly journals Cross-Fostering of Male Mice Subtly Affects Female Olfactory Preferences

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0146662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Juan Liu ◽  
Yao-Hua Zhang ◽  
Lai-Fu Li ◽  
Rui-Qing Du ◽  
Jin-Hua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Mice ◽  
Olfactory Preferences ◽  
Cross Fostering

Confirmation of the Freudian Psychosexual Stages Utilizing Sexual Symbolism

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Sex Attraction ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Sexual Symbolism

2,336 Ss between the ages of 3 and 17 chose one member of each of 12 pairs of Freudian-inspired shapes representing masculinity or femininity. Choices supported the psychoanalytic hypotheses that: (1) the phallic, latency, and genital stages would be revealed in shape preferences; and (2) both males and females aged 13 or older would prefer masculine shapes due to the male-orientation of our culture while the choices of children in the phallic stage, who were assumed ignorant of our culture's male-orientation, would be determined by opposite-sex attraction.

On Certain Eelworms, including Bütschli's Tylenchus fungorum, obtained from Toadstools.

1953 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goodey
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
A New Species

1. A detailed morphological study has been made of certain nematodes occurring in the basidiomycetous fungi, Entoloma rhodipolium, Pleurotus corticalus, P. ostreatus, Hygrophorus virgineus and Tricholoma cunifolium.2. From the first three of these, males and females of two species of eelworms have been obtained which are placed in the genus Iotonchium Cobb, 1920. One of these is Iotonchium fungorum (Butschli, 1878) n. comb., originally described by Butschli under the name of Tylenchus fungorum', the other is a new species which is named I. bifurcatum n. sp.3. The males of both species have peculiar lobed, dorso-ventrally flattened heads and a poorly developed mouth spear. The bursa is very large, the spicules have posterior prolongations which arc extruded through the cloaca and ventral post-anal papillae are present. A gubernaculum is absent.

scholarly journals Induction of a ragweed-specific allergic state in Ir-gene-restricted nonresponder mice.

1977 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Chiorazzi ◽  
A S Tung ◽  
D H Katz
Keyword(s):  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Pollen Extract ◽  
Antibody Synthesis ◽  
Ige Antibody ◽  
Gene Concept ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Suppressive Mechanism ◽  
Ir Genes

Mice of the inbred strains, C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 (H-2b), are genetically incapable of developing IgE antibody responses to ragweed pollen extract (RE) or its dinitrophenylated derivative, DNP-RE. This nonresponsiveness has previously been thought to reflect the absence of a relevant H-2-linked Ir genes controlling responses of inbred mice to these antigens. However, pretreatment of H-2b mice with either low doses of ionizing X irradiation or cyclophosphamide abrogates the nonresponder status of such animals, apparently by removal of a suppressive mechanism normally inhibiting development of IgE responses to these antigens. The implications of these findings for mechanisms of genetic control of IgE antibody synthesis and the Ir-gene concept are discussed.

scholarly journals Hyperostosis frontalis interna in Arctic groups according to craniology

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Alexandra P. Buzhilova ◽  
◽  
Anna S. Kolyasnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age Category

We have examined 942 skulls from the collections of the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology (13 craniological collections of the Arctic groups). We have analyzed the total frequency of HFI, used a comparative intergroup analysis, and evaluated the degree of HFI expression and the distribution of the trait according to sex and age. Univariate nonparametric statistics was applied. Results. It was found that the rate of HFI in the Arctic groups is much lower than in other groups of modern Eurasian and American populations. In the combined series, HFI was equally represented in both males and females. However, according to the age distribution, the male and female groups are different. HFI was more frequent in males in the Adultus and Maturus groups and in the Senilis group in females. Discussion. The significantly lower frequency of HFI in the Arctic series relative to the other modern groups show us a low level of metabolic disorders in the Arctic population and a good adaptation to the type of nutrition and living in extreme conditions. The obtained data show the predominance of the trait in the groups of mature and elderly women, and the appearance of HFI of different severity in men regardless of the age category. Probably, in the Arctic samples in women, HFI identifies metabolic disorders due to normal hormonal changes in women aging. HFI should be considered as an indicator of the presence of metabolic disorders in young and mature age in Arctic men group.

scholarly journals Genetic modulation of initial sensitivity to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) among the BXD family of mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory Parks ◽  
Chris M Rogers ◽  
J. Pjotr Prins ◽  
Robert W. Williams ◽  
Hao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Drugs Of Abuse ◽  
Cannabinoid Receptor ◽  
Inbred Mice ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Motor Impairments ◽  
Initial Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Responses

Cannabinoid receptor 1 activation by the major psychoactive component in cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), produces motor impairments, hypothermia, and analgesia upon acute exposure. In previous work, we demonstrated significant sex and strain differences in acute responses to THC following administration of a single dose (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) inbred mice. To determine the extent to which these differences are heritable, we quantified acute responses to a single dose of THC (10 mg/kg, i.p.) in males and females from 20 members of the BXD family of inbred strains derived by crossing and inbreeding B6 and D2 mice. Acute THC responses (initial sensitivity) were quantified as changes from baseline for: 1. spontaneous activity in the open field (mobility), 2. body temperature (hypothermia), and 3. tail withdrawal latency to a thermal stimulus (analgesia/antinociception). Initial sensitivity to the immobilizing, hypothermic, and antinociceptive effects of THC varied substantially across the BXD family. Heritability was highest for mobility and hypothermia traits, indicating that segregating genetic variants modulate initial sensitivity to THC. We identified genomic loci and candidate genes, including Ndufs2, Scp2, Rps6kb1 or P70S6K, Pde4d, and Pten, that may control variation in THC initial sensitivity. We also detected strong correlations between initial responses to THC and legacy phenotypes related to intake or response to other drugs of abuse (cocaine, ethanol, and morphine). Our study demonstrates the feasibility of mapping genes and variants modulating THC responses in the BXDs to systematically define biological processes and liabilities associated with drug use and abuse.

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