Social experience influences preferences in black ducks and mallards

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1434-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn M. Brodsky ◽  
C. Davison Ankney ◽  
Darrell G. Dennis
Keyword(s):  
Social Preferences ◽  
Anas Platyrhynchos ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Captive Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Potential Mate ◽  
The Social ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

The influence of social experience on the preferences for a potential mate in a captive population of black ducks, Anas rubripes, and mallards, Anas platyrhynchos, was examined. Birds were reared from hatching with conspecifics (i.e., female black ducks with male black ducks, female mallards with male mallards), or were cross-fostered with the other species (i.e., female black ducks with male mallards, female mallards with male black ducks). Preferences of individuals were tested in a chamber containing caged black ducks and mallards of the opposite sex. In over 90% (100/109) of the trials, males and females preferred the species that they were raised with since hatching, whether they were of the same species or not. These results demonstrate that social experience influences the social preferences of male and female black ducks and mallards.

scholarly journals Hyperostosis frontalis interna in Arctic groups according to craniology

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-120
Author(s):  
Alexandra P. Buzhilova ◽  
◽  
Anna S. Kolyasnikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Extreme Conditions ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Age Category

We have examined 942 skulls from the collections of the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology (13 craniological collections of the Arctic groups). We have analyzed the total frequency of HFI, used a comparative intergroup analysis, and evaluated the degree of HFI expression and the distribution of the trait according to sex and age. Univariate nonparametric statistics was applied. Results. It was found that the rate of HFI in the Arctic groups is much lower than in other groups of modern Eurasian and American populations. In the combined series, HFI was equally represented in both males and females. However, according to the age distribution, the male and female groups are different. HFI was more frequent in males in the Adultus and Maturus groups and in the Senilis group in females. Discussion. The significantly lower frequency of HFI in the Arctic series relative to the other modern groups show us a low level of metabolic disorders in the Arctic population and a good adaptation to the type of nutrition and living in extreme conditions. The obtained data show the predominance of the trait in the groups of mature and elderly women, and the appearance of HFI of different severity in men regardless of the age category. Probably, in the Arctic samples in women, HFI identifies metabolic disorders due to normal hormonal changes in women aging. HFI should be considered as an indicator of the presence of metabolic disorders in young and mature age in Arctic men group.

scholarly journals The Emotional Lexicon Used by Male and Female Communication: Study of Balinese Language Used in South Kuta-Bali

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 364-372
Author(s):  
I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri ◽  
I Dewa Ayu Devi Maharani Santika
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Emotional Lexicon ◽  
Communication Study

The aims of this research is to analyse about the differences of emotional lexicon used by male and female communication in South Kuta-Bali when they used Balinese language in their daily interaction.  The scope of male and female is closely related to the social behavior which includes the social identity of male and female in society and this becomes the basis of how the language is used in this context of social. This research is interested to uncover more how people use language in terms of expressing their emotional in social interaction. This study is a sociolinguistic approach used the theory from Hickey, Raymon (2010). The data source in this study is the south Kuta community who use Balinese language in social interactions. The Data collection is done by observation, interview, recording and note taking and descriptive qualitative method is applied to analyze the data. The result of the analysis found that the emotional lexical is used by the male and female in their social interaction, it could mention that both Augmentatives and Euphemisms is used by male and female in their social interaction however the augmentative is mostly used by female in informal occasion. Balinese female often used prohibition instead of imperative in expressing her idea about ordering someone to do something. In the other hand, the male directly used imperative sentence in ordering something. He usually does not use many awkwardness to say his point in a conversation. This may be considered that the male often go to the straight point when expressing his idea. Keywords: Emotional Lexicon, Male and Female

Reciprocity of Liking following Face-to-Face Encounters with Attractive and Unattractive others

1986 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 599-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warner Wilson ◽  
Wilma Henzlik
Keyword(s):  
Negative Feedback ◽  
Introductory Psychology ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The Other ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Opposite Sex

48 male and female students in introductory psychology engaged in a get acquainted conversation with a confederate of the opposite sex. After the conversation, the experimenter asked each person to rate the other and indicated that they would then see each other's ratings as a part of the acquaintance process. Immediately after the first ratings were exchanged, however, the experimenter asked both subjects for a second confidential rating. According to prior instructions, the confederate gave either positive (7 to 9) or negative (3 to 6) preliminary ratings. The second rating, which was of liking, showed a strong tendency for the subjects to reciprocate the favorability of the first ratings made of them by the confederate. Attractive more than unattractive confederates were better liked. In contrast to previous research, however, data showed no tendency for subjects to respond more strongly to positive or negative feedback from an attractive rather than from an unattractive other.

Draw-a-Person Protocols of Male and Female College Students

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Soccolich ◽  
Boleslaw A. Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Sexual Conflict ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females

A purely male vs female differentiation of D-A-P test variables was attempted for 50 male and 50 female college students or graduates of 3 yr. or less. Analysis of sex and aggression variables revealed much emphasis and conflict in these areas in the drawings of both males and females. Sexual conflict was almost always expressed in the drawings of the opposite sex alone. A generalized psychosexual immaturity was demonstrated in the drawings of male Ss. Female Ss seemed to exhibit conflict over masculine orientation and ‘role’ inversion in their drawings. In addition, a strong tendency toward ‘evasion,’ a wish to ‘not see’ or ‘perceive vaguely,’ was heavily evidenced in the drawings of both male and, to a lesser extent, female Ss.

Familiarity and gender influence social preferences in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Courtney DeVries ◽  
Camron L. Johnson ◽  
C. Sue Carter
Keyword(s):  
Social Preference ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Microtus Ochrogaster ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Prairie Voles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sex Preferences ◽  
Opposite Sex

The physiological mechanisms influencing group cohesion and social preferences are largely unstudied in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster). In nature, prairie vole family groups usually consist of an adult male and female breeding pair, one or more litters of their offspring, and occasionally unrelated adults. Pair bonds, defined by heterosexual preferences, develop in male and female prairie voles following cohabitation or mating. However, social preferences between members of the same sex also may be important to the maintenance of communal groups. In the present study we compared the development of social preferences for conspecific strangers of the same sex versus preferences for the opposite sex, and examined the effect of the gonadal status of the stimulus animal on initial social preference. The present study revealed that reproductively naive males, but not females, showed initial preferences for partners of the opposite sex. In both sexes preferences for the opposite sex were not influenced by the presence or absence of gonadal hormones. Heterosexual and same-sex preferences for a familiar individual formed following 24 h of nonsexual cohabitation in both males and females. Male and female same-sex preferences, however, were no longer stable when the stranger in the preference test was of the opposite sex to the experimental animal. The development of same-sex preferences may help to maintain group cohesion, but same-sex preferences formed by cohabitation do not withstand the challenge of an opposite-sex stranger.

scholarly journals Social Perception and Emotional Deprivation For Preparatory Stage Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (126) ◽  
pp. 212-231
Author(s):  
Pilsam Aoad Asil
Keyword(s):  
Social Perception ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Data Process ◽  
Cognitive Failure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Deprivation ◽  
Preparatory Stage ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship

The research objectives are conducted to the following : 1- To know the level of Social Perception for Preparatory stage students      2- To know the level of Emotional Deprivation for Preparatory stage students   3-To know the relationship between the Social Perception and Emotional Deprivation for Preparatory stage students.  The current research has determined sample of Preparatory forth stage students (scientific and literary) for both males and females in Baghdad (morning studies) for 2016-2017.  Theoretical frame This research viewed several adoptes in  The research procedures results Building Adopting Social Perception scale 1- (Atwan2015) and Adopting Cognitive Failure scale(Al-Saadi2016) after assures its truthes and stability on its articles 2-The two mentioned measures were applied at the same time on  sample educational counselors (160) students male and female students during 25-28/2/2017 .the researcher used the following . Data had been analyzed with help of statistic programs for social sciences in data process (SPSS) As a result, it had been reached to results listed below 1- The research results showed that the Preparatory stage students adopted Social Perception 2-results showed that the Preparatory stage students do not suffer from emotional deprivation 3-Results showed that there is nigtive connection relationship between for Preparatory stage male and female students Social Perception and Emotional Deprivation The researcher submitted some recommendations and suggestions.

NFL fans' identity and consumption behavior by gender

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Shane-Nichols ◽  
Diane McCrohan ◽  
Te-Lin Chung
Keyword(s):  
National Football League ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fan Behavior ◽  
Sports Fandom ◽  
Identity Attitudes ◽  
Open Coding ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
And Behavior

PurposeThe purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore male and female sports fandom through examining the prototype of a loyal National Football League (NFL) fan.Design/methodology/approachEighteen in-depth interviews were conducted with male and female participants who self-identified as NFL fans from the Midwest and Northeast regions of the US. Data were analyzed using open coding.FindingsBoth female and male participants identified three common criteria for being a prototypical NFL fan: loyalty, knowledge and wearing of team apparel. The findings also demonstrated gender differences in both how a fan identifies a prototypical fan and how that dictates fan identity, attitudes and behavior. Additionally, prototypical fandom might need to be defined differently for males and females.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by exploring the perspectives of both genders of NFL fans and by providing a more balanced perspective of how males and females define prototypical fans and how each gender perceives the fan behavior of the opposite sex.

On the duration of larval and nymphal quiescence in male and female Ixodid ticks

1966 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
B. Feldman-Muhsam ◽  
H. V. Muhsam
Keyword(s):  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Ixodid Ticks ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Difference

Differences between sexes in the duration of larval and nymphal quiescence in Ixodid ticks were investigated in Israel in the laboratory. In H. dromedarii Koch the larval quiescence of the male was, on average about 4 hours longer than that of the female, but in Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latr.) no significant difference was found. In five species a statistically significant difference in the length of nymphal quiescence was found between males and females; in three of them, R. sanguineus, R. secundus Fel.-Muh. and H. dromedarii, that of the male exceeded that of the female by 1/2 to 1 1/2 days and in the other two, H. marginatum Koch and H. excavatum Koch, the opposite was found, the difference being 1·3 and 3·7 days, respectively.

Male-Female Characters’ Tenor of Discourse in Akachi Ezeigbo’s The Last of the Strong Ones

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Innocent Sourou Koutchade ◽  
Severin Mehouenou
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Role Relationships ◽  
The One

<p class="1"><span lang="X-NONE">This article attempts to explore male-female characters’ tenor of discourse in the novel entitled: <em>The Last of the Strong Ones</em> by Akachi Ezeigbo. According to Halliday’s (1978), the tenor of the discourse is the social role relationships played by interactants. It is associated with the grammar of interpersonal meanings which is, in turn, realized through the mood patterns of the grammar. The paper, through the analysis of mood system, modality and vocatives, reveals how male and female characters establish relationships between each other. The tenor of their discourse unveils how women are oppressed by patriarchy on the one hand, as well as how they fight against the system, on the other. From these linguistic choices, the work concludes that there exists an atmosphere of tension, distance, aggression and dominance between some characters of the novel. </span></p>

Sexual Discrimination in the Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta Splendens Regan)

Behaviour ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Sale ◽  
C.M. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
The Other ◽  
Single Linkage ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Sexual Discrimination ◽  
The Third ◽  
Live Fish ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Agonistic Display

AbstractI. We recorded the responses of male Betta splendens when presented with various stimuli behind a transparent partition. The stimuli comprised i) live male and female B. splendens; ii) lifelike (motionless) models of male and female B. splendens; and iii) six stylised model B. splendens. The stylised models consisted of three pairs, one member of which had long male-like fins and raised opercula, and the other with short female-like fins and lowered opercula. The first pair had "aggressive", the second, "submissive", and the third, "reproductive" colouration. 2. The use of two techniques for comparing responses to the different stimuli was compared. Principal component analysis of unscaled data produced more satisfactory results than did clustering by single linkage on the basis of taxonomic distances calculated on scaled data. 3. The response by a male to a stimulus consisted of two categories of behaviour: "agonistic" display and nest-oriented activities. 4. The responses towards live males and females differed only in the relative amounts of "agonistic" and nest-oriented behaviour performed to each. A greater amount of "agonistic" behaviour was performed towards males. 5. Three main influences were found affecting a male's response to a conspecific: i) a tendency to perform all components of "agonistic" display and to inhibit performance of nest-oriented behaviour; ii) and iii) tendencies to perform particular components of the "agonistic" display. Thus the "agonistic" display was found to be complex and governed by at least three separate motivations. 6. The first influence varied according to the (perceived) sex of the stimulus, being great when the stimulus was a male, and slight when it was a female. The other two influences were independent of the nature of the stimulus. 7. Responses to lifelike, motionless models were very similar to those to live fish. 8. All male models and the "aggressive" female model were treated similarly to the live male. The other models were treated similarly to the live female. 9. A mechanism for sexual discrimination was proposed, in which a male is characterised by long fins and/or raised opercula, or, an unpatterned body. A female is characterised by short fins and a patterned body. Discrimination can be accomplished solely by use of visual stimuli.

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