The life of Fabian, an Azara’s owl monkey (Aotus azarae) of the Argentinean Chaco

Behaviour ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 157 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1113-1125
Author(s):  
Alba García de la Chica ◽  
Eduardo Fernandez-Duque ◽  
Marcelo Rotundo
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
First Case ◽  
The Social ◽  
Owl Monkey ◽  
Owl Monkeys ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Aotus Azarae

Abstract Species-life history patterns provide insights into the adaptative strategies and importance of social behaviours. The cathemeral activity pattern of Aotus azarae allowed researchers from the Owl Monkey Project of Formosa, Argentina, to witness remarkable life changing events over the complete lifespan of several individuals. Here we summarize the life of Fabian, a male owl monkey we followed from the moment he started searching for a mate until he died. Although still not consistently considered in models of social evolution of mammals, our discovery of a subpopulation of solitary owl monkey floaters forced us to rethink some aspects of their characteristic social organization and mating system. Through the life of Fabian we present some representative examples of the intrasexual competition regulating the social system of the members of this genus during the different stages in the life of individuals, while reporting the first case of extra-pair copulation in wild owl monkeys.

scholarly journals Interrelationship between the concepts of vector of evolution and management of sustainable evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Sergey Busov ◽  
Maria Zobova ◽  
Aleksey Rodyukov
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Causal Factors ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Objective Aspect ◽  
Made In

Within the framework of the system of categories and principles of the St. Petersburg scientific school of social synergetics, problems of relationship between managing the course of history and determining its main vector, as well as freedom and responsibility, “correctness” and “success” of a subject choosing options for social evolution, are involved in research. People through whom “evolutionary mechanisms” are realized as the main carriers of evolutionary changes, significantly modify “causal factors” due to their consciousness and freedom, which, being in a synergistic sense, are defined as a specific analogue of casualty, as a factor that changes the ratio of evolutionary opportunities of system. Freedom only arises in the conditions of super selection, that is, it occurs in the conditions of control, on the part of a subject, over the variety of selection forms, where “slyness” of human mind manifests itself. The degree of choice “correctness” is determined subjectively on the basis of proximity to the dominant social ideal. The criterion of stable reproduction of the social ideal can be an optimal amount of sacrifices made in the name of its realization. The objective aspect of choice is related to the concept of “luck”, and is determined by the proximity to the super attractor — the unique set of evolutionary opportunities concerning developing the social system.

scholarly journals Social organization in Eulipotyphla: evidence for a social shrew

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 20150825 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Valomy ◽  
L. D. Hayes ◽  
C. Schradin
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Solitary Living ◽  
The Social ◽  
Evolution Of Mammals ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
Available Information

Shrews and their close relatives (order Eulipotyphla) are typically considered to be solitary. This impacts our understanding of mammalian social evolution: (i) the ancestor of mammals is believed to have been shrew-like, and even though Eulipotyphla are not more basal than other mammalian orders, this might have been one reason why the first mammals have been assumed to be solitary-living; (ii) Eulipotyphla are the third largest mammalian order, with hundreds of species entering comparative analyses. We review primary field studies reporting the social organization of Eulipotyphla, doing a literature research on 445 species. Primary literature was only available for 16 of the 445 species. We found 56% of the studied species to be social (38% were living in pairs), which is in sharp contrast to the 0.5 and 8% reported in other databases. We conclude that the available information indicates that shrews are more sociable than generally believed. An interesting alternative hypothesis is that the mammalian ancestor might have been pair-living. To understand the social evolution of mammals, comparative studies must be based on reliable and specific information, and more species of all orders must be studied in the field.

scholarly journals The specifics of the formation of the social system in the Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Oskolkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social System ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Crisis Recovery ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Centralized System

After the collapse of the USSR and the formation of a completely new state, about 30 years passed. Our country has moved from a socialist planned and centralized system of government to a state-market system. There was a period of transformational crisis, recovery of socio-economic recovery, as well as obvious periods of crises and stagnation in the social sphere. At the moment, there is a public demand for a fairer social policy, for better and more effective management in this area. To meet these requests, it is necessary to analyze the formation of the social system, social structure, and social policy, as well as to identify certain patterns that the current social system of the Russian Federation operates according to

scholarly journals Unproductive expenditure and spectacular merchandise

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 243-254
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Susca
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment

In order to fully grasp the spirit of our times, we need to analyse fully the contemporary relationship between spectacle and consumption: spectacular consumption and the spectacle of consumption. The chain of sign merchandise (Baudrillard, 1968) is simultaneously a mean and a vehicle of adherence to the productive and political system. It takes on extraordinary value from the moment it welcomes all that is non-rational in a rationalised society, as well as it embodies the anti-utilitarian aspect of a social system based solely on the logic of utilitarianism. In this sense, the cycle of spectacular consumption coincides with the consumption of bourgeois individuality, while the mass that has become public becomes the matrix in which the subject loses itself and cushions the weight of change in a way to express the impulses marginalized by the social system.

scholarly journals Groupware for Collaborative Tailoring

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alejandro Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Team Work ◽  
Target System ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Selection Of

In everyday work, teamwork in the presence of the tools, the resources, and the processes that enable work is mostly transparent to the workers. They center their attention on performing work. However, a noticeable change in the work conditions, in the required quality of the product, or in the perceived results of work, may be experienced as a breakdown that brings teamwork to the center of attention. To deal with breakdowns it is currently common practice to include tailoring facilities in groupware systems. The extent to which these facilities are provided, and the way in which they are implemented, determine the power users have to change the groupware system. Determining these facilities has been the focus of most research on tailorability in CSCW. How collaborative tailoring (defined as, collaboration for and in tailoring) can be facilitated remains as yet undetermined. This thesis tackles the problem of the lack of computer support for dis- tributed team members that need to perform tailoring in the context of team- work. The challenge of tailoring in the context of teamwork is to understand and support the needs of the group members, from the moment they encounter a breakdown during work until they have enacted the changes they deem nec- essary. This thesis is based on the premise of participation as a means to achieve acceptance of change. The approach to support collaborative tailoring of team- work presented in this thesis consists of a method for collaborative breakdown handling, a selection of specific groupware tools to be used for the deliberation activities defined by the method, and guidance in the form of scaffoldings for the application of the method. Breakdowns can also occur during tailoring. To deal with breakdowns that occur during tailoring, the method, the tools, and the scaffolding can be tailored. The proposed support for collaborative tailor- ing of teamwork is delivered as a stand-alone groupware system for collaborative tailoring. The system can be deployed along existing groupware systems, thus extending them with support for collaborative tailoring. This thesis exceeds related work by approaching tailoring of teamwork as a social system with a model that explains tailoring as the result of collaborative breakdown handling. The requirements of communication, collaboration, co- operation and coordination, and negotiation observed in the social system are supported by the corresponding technical system. The approach in this thesis is not limited to its application in a particular scenario or groupware system. The only requirement is that the target system/scenario can be tailored. The approach has been conceived to enable and support its own evolution as the result of its tailoring.

scholarly journals Happiness and Social Well-Being in the Estimates of Russians – the Problem of Differentiation of Concepts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Pavel E. Sushko
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Social System ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
First Case ◽  
Subjective Assessments ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

The article analyzes subjective assessments of social well-being and happiness in the context of their relationship with the characteristics of individuals in various areas of the social system. The similarities and differences in assessments of these categories are analyzed in the context of age, socioprofessional and income groups. It is shown that in older age groups, as well as in low-income groups engaged in low-skilled physical and non-physical labor, the categories of happiness and well-being are not actually divided in subjective assessments. On the contrary, in younger age groups, as well as those who belong to the middle and high-income groups mainly engaged in highly skilled non-physical labor, a discrepancy is found in assessments of social well-being and happiness. In the first case, the similar perception of the categories studied is evidence of weak motives for achievement and of focus on the reference groups in assessments. In these groups, the principle of “living no worse than others” prevails. In the second case, the difference in the estimates of well-being and happiness can be explained by the more stable position of these groups in the social system. They are better aware of the possible levels of social well-being that one can strive for. The empirical basis for the analysis was the 26th wave of the annual RLMS-HSE survey monitoring the Russian population’s economic status and health, which was conducted in 2017.

The Social System of the Welfare Hotel

1980 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-162
Author(s):  
VERNON L. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Social System ◽  
The Social

New research frameworks in the study of chimpanzee and gorilla sociality and communication

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam G. B. Roberts ◽  
Anna Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Social Evolution ◽  
Social Complexity ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
The Social ◽  
Human Social Evolution ◽  
Research Frameworks ◽  
New Research ◽  
Large Groups

Group size in primates is strongly correlated with brain size, but exactly what makes larger groups more ‘socially complex’ than smaller groups is still poorly understood. Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and gorillas (Gorilla gorilla) are among our closest living relatives and are excellent model species to investigate patterns of sociality and social complexity in primates, and to inform models of human social evolution. The aim of this paper is to propose new research frameworks, particularly the use of social network analysis, to examine how social structure differs in small, medium and large groups of chimpanzees and gorillas, to explore what makes larger groups more socially complex than smaller groups. Given a fission-fusion system is likely to have characterised hominins, a comparison of the social complexity involved in fission-fusion and more stable social systems is likely to provide important new insights into human social evolution

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