On the diversity of amphipods inhabiting Sargassum as well as clear areas in Kuwait coastal waters, with an assessment of the effect of turbidity and notes on their abundance, composition, and distribution: a preliminary study

Crustaceana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 767-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali ◽  
Aws Al-Ghunaim ◽  
M. N. V. Subrahmanyam ◽  
Yousef Al-Enezi ◽  
Turki Al-Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Faunal Distribution

Abstract The distribution and abundance patterns of amphipods associated with Sargassum species were studied on a spatial scale along Kuwait’s coastal waters. Macroalgae, in particular Sargassum spp., are known to host a high biodiversity of marine fauna, particularly amphipods, when compared to non-Sargassum (“clear”) areas. Amphipods are an important component in the food web, being consumed by different stages of fish. Sargassum was sampled from four different stations in Kuwait’s waters to determine the amphipod species composition and density. Physicochemical parameters were measured at the time of sampling at each station, focusing on turbidity, as this can promote variation in the faunal distribution between areas, and it was the only non-biological factor showing a distinctive pattern between stations in this study. The objectives of this study thus were to describe the amphipod biodiversity in Sargassum communities and to measure the difference in diversity between Sargassum and clear areas, while concurrently taking into account the effect of turbidity. The most abundant amphipods represented were Pontocrates sp. (cf. arenarius (Spence Bate, 1858)), Ericthonius sp. (cf. forbesii Hughes & Lowry, 2006), Maxillipius rectitelson Ledoyer, 1973, and Podocerus mamlahensis Myers & Nithyanandan, 2016. Among the measured physicochemical parameters, only turbidity had a significant effect on the biodiversity of amphipods (, ) with a negative relationship based on the general linear model test. The effect of Sargassum and non-Sargassum areas on amphipod diversity was statistically not significant (, ). Also, there was no interaction between turbidity and Sargassum/clear areas (, ). However, the diversity was observed to be higher in Sargassum areas of all stations as compared to their clear counterparts, except in Khairan during January 2016, where the situation was the opposite. The abundance was highest in low turbidity, particularly at Salmyia station, compared to the high turbidity conditions at the stations at Failaka and Green Island. The species composition differed as well, the number of species found being the highest in the Sargassum area of Salmyia Station and the lowest at Failaka Island (highest turbidity). Only Salmyia Station (low turbidity) contained 27 species in its Sargassum area, of which only few were present at other stations in both areas. Turbidity affected the diversity of amphipods, and diversity was higher in Sargassum areas at all stations except Khairan in January 2016, but that difference was not significant.

Seasonal Fluctuation in Abundance and Species Composition of Fish Collected by a Beam Trawl in Coastal Waters off Samcheonpo

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 160-165
Author(s):  
Tae-Sik Yu ◽  
Seong-Hoon Lee ◽  
Sa-Jo Kim ◽  
Jin-Goo Kwon ◽  
Kyeong Ho Han
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuation ◽  
Beam Trawl

scholarly journals The Water Footprint of Primary and Secondary Processing of Beef from Different Cattle Breeds: A Value Fraction Allocation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6914
Author(s):  
Frikkie Alberts Maré ◽  
Henry Jordaan
Keyword(s):  
Water Footprint ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
High Water ◽  
Allocation Model ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Production ◽  
High Water Intake ◽  
The Difference ◽  
By Products

The high water intake and wastewater discharge of slaughterhouses have been a concern for many years. One neglected factor in previous research is allocating the water footprint (WF) to beef production’s different products and by-products. The objective of this article was to estimate the WF of different cattle breeds at a slaughterhouse and cutting plant and allocate it according to the different cuts (products) and by-products of beef based on the value fraction of each. The results indicated a negative relationship between the carcass weight and the processing WF when the different breeds were compared. Regarding a specific cut of beef, a kilogram of rib eye from the heaviest breed had a processing WF of 614.57 L/kg, compared to the 919.91 L/kg for the rib eye of the lightest breed. A comparison of the different cuts indicated that high-value cuts had higher WFs than low-value cuts. The difference between a kilogram of rib eye and flank was 426.26 L/kg for the heaviest breed and 637.86 L/kg for the lightest breed. An option to reduce the processing WF of beef is to lessen the WF by slaughtering heavier animals. This will require no extra investment from the slaughterhouse. At the same time, the returns should increase as the average production inputs per kilogram of output (carcass) should reduce, as the slaughterhouse will process more kilograms.

scholarly journals Distribution of the rare species of clingfishes — small-headed clingfish Apletodon dentatus (Actinopterygii, Gobiesocidae) — near Crimean coasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
E. P. Karpova ◽  
A. R. Boltachev ◽  
O. N. Danylyuk
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mediterranean Populations ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
A New Species

Cryptobenthic fauna investigations are highly relevant at studying biodiversity of regions. Studies of the species composition of Gobiesocidae family were carried out in order to clarify ichthyofauna of different regions, and a new species for the Black Sea coastal zone of Crimea was found. Information about its morphology, biology, behavior and other characteristics is very important because of weak study and indeterminate taxonomic status of this species. As a result of morphological studies of the Crimean specimens no significant difference with the type of the Atlantic-Mediterranean populations has been proven. Naturalization of small-headed clingfish in coastal waters of Crimea has been confirmed and some population characteristics, such as a length-weight relationship, have been described. Peculiarities of habitat which which small-headed clingfish prefers and features of localization, enabling competitiveness have been identified. Identification keys were compiled and are given in the paper.

scholarly journals Temporal variability predicts the magnitude of between-group attentional blink differences in developmental dyslexia: a meta-analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Badcock ◽  
Joanna C Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Blink ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Position ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
The Difference

Background. Here we report on a meta-analysis of the attentional blink (AB) research focussed on specific reading impairment, commonly referred to as developmental dyslexia. The AB effect relates to a limitation in the allocation of attention over time and examined in a dual-target rapid serial visual presentation paradigm. When the second target appears in close temporal proximity to the first target, the second target is reported less accurately. Method. A Web of Science search with terms 'dyslexia attentional blink' returned 13 AB experiments (11 papers) conducted with developmental dyslexia (9 were included in this meta-analysis). The main pattern of performance was lower overall accuracy in groups of individuals with dyslexia relative to typically reading peers. That is, a between-group main effect. This meta-analysis examined the size of the between-group effect in relation to physical presentation characteristics, which differed between and within experiments. Results. Four noteworthy variables were related to the between group effect-size; fixation duration (positive relationship, R2 = .89, p <.01, n = 6), maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9), the difference between the minimum and maximum temporal position of T2 (negative relationship, R2 = .53, p <.05, n = 9), and the stimulus onset asynchrony (negative relationship, R2 = .46, p <.05, n = 9). Discussion. These are discussed with respect to the preparation of task-set, temporal orienting, and speed of processing, recommending these as considerations for future research.

scholarly journals Amphipod (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Communities in the North-Western Part of the Black Sea

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
S. A. Kudrenko
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Amphipod Species ◽  
Quantitative Parameters ◽  
The North ◽  
North Western

Abstract The data about the community composition, number and biomass of amphipods in three gulfs of the North-Western Black Sea are presented. The amphipod communities of the gulfs of Yahorlyk, Karkinit, and Tendra were studied and the species composition was compared with the previously published data. For each particular gulf, the list of amphipod species was composed. The quantitative parameters of the amphipod communities in the studied localities in different years were described.

scholarly journals SPECIES COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF TIDAL TRAP NET CATCHES IN THE WATERS OF INDRAGIRI HILIR, RIAU, INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Badrudin Badrudin ◽  
Bambang Sumiono ◽  
T.S Murtoyo
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Fresh Water Discharge

The coastal waters of the eastern part of lndragiri Hilir, Riau, which are mostly estuarine, are influenced by the huge fresh water discharge and are usually fertile.

scholarly journals The Sensitivity of Wellbeing to Inequalities in Local Wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Pascarn Ronald Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Subjective Wellbeing ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
The Difference

<p>Research points to a robust negative relationship between average levels of subjective wellbeing and the distribution of subjective wellbeing. The fact that our wellbeing falls as wellbeing distributions widen suggests we care about inequalities in the lives of others. Central to this relationship is the role of place and human geography. The literature relating wellbeing to inequality in wellbeing is confined almost exclusively to inter-country comparisons. Virtually no attention has been paid to the relationship between wellbeing and inequality within countries - at the level of regions and below. The aim of this thesis is to test the generality of the inter-country evidence in the sub-national context.  I present four hypotheses which I test on three separate cross-sectional surveys: the New Zealand Quality of Life Survey, The New Zealand General Social Survey and the survey of Māori wellbeing, Te Kupenga. I follow the literature in using the standard deviation of wellbeing as a measure of wellbeing inequality. In each case the negative relationship between individual wellbeing and wellbeing inequality is clearly identifiable. The wellbeing effect of living in a place one standard deviation higher than another is roughly equivalent to the difference between the wellbeing of someone who is fully employed and someone who is unemployed and looking for work. Clearly we are highly sensitive to disparities in the subjective wellbeing of those around us.  I conduct several tests of the psychological drivers that lie behind the wellbeing response to local inequality in wellbeing. The first tests fairness perceptions, and finds sensitivity to wellbeing inequality to be higher among those who do not believe society is intrinsically fair. My test of altruism, while not as convincing empirically, suggests altruistic people may also be less affected by local wellbeing inequality. Both conclusions are consistent with the implied causation running from inequality to wellbeing.  While an important addition to the wellbeing literature, the more important implication of my findings is political. As the New Zealand Local Government Act comes up for renewal, the evidence I have assembled strongly supports providing local government with a clear purpose and the necessary funding to address the underlying causes of local inequalities in wellbeing. On empirical grounds alone, reducing wellbeing inequality is likely to make us all much happier.</p>

The Ecology and Distribution of Intertidal Organisms on Certain Islands off the Queensland Coast

1956 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Endean ◽  
W Stephenson ◽  
R Kenny
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Great Barrier Reef ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Barrier Reef ◽  
Marine Fauna ◽  
The North ◽  
Specific Composition ◽  
Continental Islands ◽  
Longitudinal Division ◽  
Zonation Patterns

The species composition and general ecology of intertidal organisms present at Heron Island, a coral cay in the Capricorn Group, are recorded in this paper. It was found that the general zonation picture on this Great Barrier Reef island differed markedly from that found previously at localities on the Queensland mainland (Endean, Kenny, and Stephenson 1956). In particular the mainland upper barnacle (Chthamalus) zone was not represented at Heron I., and the species forming the mainland lower barnacle zone (Tetraclita squamosa (Bruguiere) ) was replaced by a different species (Tetraclita vitiata Darwin). Also the characteristic algal zone of mainland localities was replaced by a lithothamnion-zoanthid-coral zone. In order to investigate the possibility of a gradual transition from the mainland type zonation to that found on the Great Barrier Reef, as exemplified by Heron I. zonation, the species composition and general ecology of intertidal organisms inhabiting a series of continental islands lying off the Queensland coast between lat. 16� and 22� S. were investigated. The fauna of these islands was found to be closely allied to that of the mainland. There was, however, an intrusion of corals and zoanthids on the more exposed of the islands visited which lie between lat. 20� and 22�S., and also on the more northerly of the islands visited. The biogeographical implications of these findings are discussed, and it is noted that the results of the present investigation support the contention of Whitley (1932) that a longitudinal division of the Queensland marine fauna into "Solanderian" and "Banksian" elements is warranted. Accounts are also given of the major environmental factors that might affect specific composition and zonation patterns at the localities investigated. Analyses of these have given much information on the general ecology and distribution of many Queensland intertidal species. Thls information is discussed. Of particular interest was the finding that the Peronian barnacle Tetraclita rosea (Krauss) has extended its range,to the north of the biogeographical boundary situated near lat. 25� S. by colonizing the more exposed of the continental islands.

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