Thelastomatoidea (Nematoda: Oxyurida) of the Australian giant burrowing cockroach, Macropanesthia rhinoceros (Blaberidae: Geoscapheinae)

Nematology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron R. Jex ◽  
Margaret A. Schneider ◽  
Harley A. Rose ◽  
Thomas H. Cribb
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Host ◽  
Loose Soil ◽  
Decaying Wood ◽  
High Degree

Abstract The thelastomatoid fauna of Macropanesthia rhinoceros was examined from 13 localities across its range in Queensland, Australia. Nine species of thelastomatoids, including two representing new genera, Geoscaphenema megaovum n. g., n. sp. and Jaidenema rhinoceratum n. g., n. sp., were found. Macropanesthia rhinoceros is reported as a new host for seven species previously recorded from Panesthia cribrata (Blaberidae: Panesthiinae) and P. tryoni tryoni, viz, Blattophila sphaerolaima, Leidynemella fusiformis, Cordonicola gibsoni, Travassosinema jaidenae, Coronostoma australiae, Hammerschmidtiella hochi and Desmicola ornata. Overall estimated richness for the system ranged from 10.1-13.5 species. The high degree of parasite faunal overlap between M. rhinoceros and the two Panesthia species is surprising given the disparate ecological niches that they occupy; P. cribrata and P. tryoni tryoni burrow in, and feed upon, moist decaying wood and require a climate that is moist all year round, whereas M. rhinoceros burrows in loose soil, feeds on fallen leaf litter and is tolerant of much drier environments.

Systematic revision and phylogeny of the Australian myrmecomorphic seed bug genus Daerlac Signoret (Insecta:Heteroptera:Rhyparochromidae:Udeocorini)

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Cassis ◽  
Celia Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Systematic Revision ◽  
Seed Predators ◽  
Taxonomic Key ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

The Australian endemic ant-mimetic seed bug genus Daerlac is revised. This paper provides a redescription of the genus Daerlac and four species: D. apicalis, D. cephalotes, D. nigricans and D. picturatus. Daerlac tricolor is synonomised with D. cephalotes. A taxonomic key to species is provided. Known distributions of D. apicalis, D. nigricans and D. picturatus are each extended beyond previously known ranges. Daerlac species are found predominantly in temperate open forest and woodlands in association with ants and eucalypts. All species are broadly distributed and there is a high degree of overlap in distributions. They are seed predators found on the ground, in leaf litter, under bark or on trunks of eucalypts, and putatively forage on post-dispersed seeds. Cladistic analysis of morphological characters finds that the four species of Daerlac form two well-supported sister-groups (D. apicalis + D. picturatus, and D. cephalotes + D. nigricans). A discussion of the distribution, biology and myrmecomorphy of the genus is provided, and the tribal placement of Daerlac and its relationship to Laryngodus are discussed.

Kinetics of Oil Sorption by Material Based on Leaf Litter

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
А. Алексеева ◽  
A. Alekseeva ◽  
С. Степанова ◽  
S. Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Heterogeneous Reactions ◽  
Desorption Process ◽  
Oil Sorption ◽  
Sorption Material ◽  
Material Contact ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Order Determination ◽  
Sorption Time

Studies of leaf litter as a sorption material with respect to oil at various temperatures have been carried out. It has been revealed that with process temperature increasing, the samples sorption capacity decreases. The oil sorption mechanism has been studied. It has been shown that the active sorption time was in the interval from 60 to 600 seconds. It has been proved that at the time of oil and sorption material contact for more than 600 seconds, the desorption process began. Kinetic dependencies of oil absorption by the proposed sorption material have been constructed and analyzed. The reaction order determination by a graphic method has showed that obtained functions with a high degree of correlation can be attributed to first-order heterogeneous reactions. Have been calculated thermodynamic parameters confirming the absence of a chemical reaction between oil and leaf litter. The carried out researches determine the most acceptable parameters of oil sorption by material based on leaf litter.

The ruby-crowned tanager Tachyphonus coronatus Vieillot, 1822 (Passeriformes: Thraupidae) as a new host for Isospora ramphoceli Berto, Flausino, Luz, Ferreira, Lopes, 2010 in Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Irlane Faria de Pinho ◽  
Lidiane Maria da Silva ◽  
Bruno doBomfim Lopes ◽  
Hermes Ribeiro Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Current Work ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
New Host ◽  
Parque Nacional Do Itatiaia ◽  
Coccidian Species ◽  
High Degree

AbstractDespite 12 coccidian species had been recorded from passerines of the Thraupidae family, none of them has been reported in the Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, in Southeastern Brazil. This locality is a protected area with a high degree of vulnerability, and is considered a "conservation island" of biodiversity. The aim of the current work was describe

scholarly journals The Role of Reticulate Evolution in Creating Innovation and Complexity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen S. Swithers ◽  
Shannon M. Soucy ◽  
J. Peter Gogarten
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Neutral Evolution ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Eukaryotic Evolution ◽  
New Host ◽  
Whole Genome Duplications ◽  
Genome Duplications

Reticulate evolution encompasses processes that conflict with traditional Tree of Life efforts. These processes, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), gene and whole-genome duplications through allopolyploidization, are some of the main driving forces for generating innovation and complexity. HGT has a profound impact on prokaryotic and eukaryotic evolution. HGTs can lead to the invention of new metabolic pathways and the expansion and enhancement of previously existing pathways. It allows for organismal adaptation into new ecological niches and new host ranges. Although many HGTs appear to be selected for because they provide some benefit to their recipient lineage, other HGTs may be maintained by chance through random genetic drift. Moreover, some HGTs that may initially seem parasitic in nature can cause complexity to arise through pathways of neutral evolution. Another mechanism for generating innovation and complexity, occurring more frequently in eukaryotes than in prokaryotes, is gene and genome duplications, which often occur through allopolyploidizations. We discuss how these different evolutionary processes contribute to generating innovation and complexity.

Molecular diversity of myxomycetes associated with decaying wood and forest floor leaf litter

Mycologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thida Win Ko Ko ◽  
Steven L. Stephenson ◽  
Rajesh Jeewon ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong ◽  
Kevin D. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Decaying Wood

scholarly journals A rich fauna of subterranean short-range endemic Anillini (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Trechinae) from semi-arid regions of Western Australia

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1044 ◽  
pp. 269-337
Author(s):  
Pier Mauro Giachino ◽  
Stefan Eberhard ◽  
Giulia Perina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Mineral Exploration ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Semi Arid

Globally, the great majority of Anillini species are endogean, adapted to live in the interstices of soil and leaf litter, while the extremely low vagility of these minute ground beetles gives rise to numerous shortrange endemic species. Until recently the Australian Anillini fauna was known only from leaf litter in rain forests and eucalypt forests in the wetter, forested regions of eastern and south eastern Australia, as well as Lord Howe and Norfolk islands. The first hypogean Anillini in Australia (17 species in six genera) were described in 2016 from mineral exploration drill holes in iron-ore bearing rocks of the Pilbara region in Western Australia, representing the first finding of the tribe deep underground in a semi-arid climate region. A further eight new genera and 20 new species are described herein, mostly from the Pilbara region as well as the semi-arid Kimberley and Goldfields regions; all were collected in mineral exploration drill holes. The following new genera are described: Erwinanillusgen. nov., Gregorydytesgen. nov., Pilbaraphanusgen. nov., Neoillaphanusgen. nov., Kimberleytyphlusgen. nov., Gilesdytesgen. nov., Pilbaradytesgen. nov., and Bylibaraphanusgen. nov. The following new species are described: Erwinanillus baehrisp. nov.; Gracilanillus hirsutussp. nov., G. pannawonicanussp. nov.; Gregorydytes ophthalmianussp. nov.; Pilbaraphanus chichesterianussp. nov., P. bilybarianussp. nov.; Magnanillus firetalianussp. nov., M. sabaesp. nov., M. salomonissp. nov., M. regalissp. nov., M. serenitatissp. nov.; Neoillaphanus callawanussp. nov.; Kimberleytyphlus carrboydianussp. nov.; Austranillus jinayrianussp. nov.; Gilesdytes pardooanussp. nov., G. ethelianussp. nov.; Pilbaradytes abydosianussp. nov., P. webberianussp. nov.; Bylibaraphanus cundalinianussp. nov.; and Angustanillus armatussp. nov. Identification keys are provided for all Australian anilline genera, and Western Australian species. All the described species are known from a single locality and qualify as short-range endemics. The Anillini are recognised as a significant and diverse element making up part of Western Australia’s remarkable subterranean fauna, and whose conservation may potentially be impacted by mining developments.

Identification and Characterization of a Flagellin Gene from the Endosymbiont of the Hydrothermal Vent TubewormRiftia pachyptila

1999 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 3129-3133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah S. Millikan ◽  
Horst Felbeck ◽  
Jeffrey L. Stein
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vent ◽  
Riftia Pachyptila ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Flagellin Gene ◽  
New Host ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Translational Start ◽  
Carboxy Terminal ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACT The bacterial endosymbionts of the hydrothermal vent tubewormRiftia pachyptila play a key role in providing their host with fixed carbon. Results of prior research suggest that the symbionts are selected from an environmental bacterial population, although a free-living form has been neither cultured from nor identified in the hydrothermal vent environment. To begin to assess the free-living potential of the symbiont, we cloned and characterized a flagellin gene from a symbiont fosmid library. The symbiont fliC gene has a high degree of homology with other bacterial flagellin genes in the amino- and carboxy-terminal regions, while the central region was found to be nonconserved. A sequence that was homologous to that of a consensus ς28 RNA polymerase recognition site lay upstream of the proposed translational start site. The symbiont protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, and flagella were observed by electron microscopy. A 30,000-M rprotein subunit was identified in whole-cell extracts by Western blot analysis. These results provide the first direct evidence of a motile free-living stage of a chemoautotrophic symbiont and support the hypothesis that the symbiont of R. pachyptila is acquired with each new host generation.

The tribe Ctenarytainini (Hemiptera : Psylloidea): a key to known Australian genera, with new species and two new genera

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
KL Taylor
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Host ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
One New Species

The key includes eight genera known to occur in Australia and Papua New Guinea. These are Ctenarytaina Ferris & Klyver (type genus), Syncarpiolyma Froggatt, Eriopsylla Froggatt, Blastopsylla Taylor, Anoeconeossa Taylor, Leptospermonastes Taylor, and two new genera, Agelaeopsylla and Cryptoneossa. Keys to the species in Agelaeopsylh, Cryptoneossa and Leptospermonastes are given. Agelaeopsylla contains five new species, A. dividua (type species), A. maculatae, A. corymbiae, A. papuanae (which also occurs in Papua New Guinea), and A. insolita. They feed mainly on Angophora and two 'subgenera' of Eucalyptus (Corymbia and Blakella). The hosts of Cryptoneossa, which contains five new species, C. vulgaris (type species), C. occidentalis, C. triangula, C. minuta, and C. leptospermi, are mainly in the 'subgenera' Monocalyptus and Corymbia of Eucalyptus; some are found on Symphyomyrtus and smaller subgenera, one on Angophora, and one on Leptospermum. Two new species of Leptospermonastes are described; L. maculosipennis and L. fasciata were both collected from Melaleuca spp., a new host for this genus. Eriopsylla and its type species, E. viridis, are redescribed, with one new species, E. malleensis.

A revised typification of Jasione corymbosa and J. glabra (Campanulaceae) from the Western Mediterranean area

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
PEDRO PABLO FERRER-GALLEGO ◽  
Ángel Romo ◽  
Roberto Roselló ◽  
Emilio Laguna ◽  
Juan Bautista Peris
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Coastal Dunes ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Maximum Expression

The genus Jasione Linnaeus (1753: 163) (Campanulaceae Juss.) is represented by ca. 16 species distributed throughout Europe and the Mediterranean Region, from coastal dunes to alpine zones, and growing on a wide variety of substrates as well (Sales & Hedge 2001b). The genus shows a high degree of polymorphism, which can be partially caused by its representation accross a wide range of ecological niches. This variability reaches its maximum expression within the Iberian Peninsula (Bokhari & Sales 2001).

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