Meloidogyne phaseoli n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising bean in Brazil

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Charchar ◽  
Jonathan Eisenback ◽  
Maria Esther Boiteux ◽  
João Charchar
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Esterase Isozyme ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Labial Disc

AbstractMeloidogyne phaseoli n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens parasitising bean cv. Carioca in Brasilia, Brazil. The perineal pattern of the female is rounded to oval-shaped with a dorsal arch that is flattened to moderately high and squarish, sometimes with rounded shoulders. The striae are moderately spaced and often distinctly forked in the lateral field. The female stylet is 14-19 μm long and has broad, distinctly set-off knobs and several small, rounded projections on the shaft. The excretory pore opens 34-82 μm from the head near the level of metacorpus. Males are 999-2105 μm in length and have a high, wide head cap that slopes posteriorly. The labial disc and medial lips are partially fused to form an elongated lip structure. The robust stylet is 20-26 μm long and has wide knobs that are distinctly set-off from the shaft which is marked by several small, round projections. Mean second-stage juvenile length is 464 μm. The head region is not annulated and the large labial disc and crescent-shaped medial lips are fused to form a dumbbell-shaped head cap. The stylet is 10.5-12 μm long and has rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The slender tail, 46-64 μm long, has large irregular-sized annules in the posterior region and a slightly rounded tip. The hyaline tail terminus is long, 10.5-19.3 μm. The esterase isozyme is a unique E3 phenotype having one weak and two strong bands. Tomato, tobacco, bean and pea are good hosts, corn is a very poor host, whilst pepper, watermelon, peanut, cotton and soybean are non-hosts.

Meloidogyne brasilensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising tomato cv. Rossol in Brazil

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Eisenback ◽  
João Charchar
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
High Head ◽  
Labial Disc ◽  
Very High

AbstractMeloidogyne brasilensis n. sp., Londrina and Brasilia populations, is described and illustrated from specimens from tomato cv. Rossol and pea cv. Mikado, respectively, in Brazil. Characteristically, the perineal pattern is elongated to ovoid with a flattened to very high, squarish dorsal arch with widely spaced, coarse striae. The lateral fields may have wing-like striae on one or both sides. The female stylet is 14 μm long with narrow and elongated knobs that are distinctly set-off from the shaft. The excretory pore is variable in location, but generally opens near the anterior portion of the median bulb about 50 μm from the head end. The male is 1.89 mm long and has a high head cap that slopes posteriorly. The labial disc is separated from the medial lips by a deep, rounded groove. The delicate stylet of the male is 23 μm long and has small, rounded knobs that are distinctly set-off from the shaft which has numerous small, rounded projections. Mean second-stage juvenile length is 434 μm. The juvenile head cap is highly elevated, the medial lips are crescent-shaped and unequal in size, and the head region is not annulated. The stylet is 11 μm long and has small, rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The tail is 53 μm long; it is marked with large, irregular annules and ends in a bluntly rounded tip. The hyaline tail terminus is short (13 μm). Reproduction occurred on NC95 tobacco, tomato, pea, and bean, whereas pepper, watermelon, peanut, cotton, corn, and soybean were not hosts.

scholarly journals A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitizing grape in Yunnan

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0245201
Author(s):  
Yanmei Yang ◽  
Xianqi Hu ◽  
Pei Liu ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Huan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Labial Disc

An unknown root-knot nematode was found at high density on grape roots collected from Yunnan Province. Morphometric traits and measurements, isozyme phenotypes, and molecular analysis clearly differentiated this nematode from previously described root-knot nematodes. This new species is described, illustrated and named Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. The new species can be distinguished from other Meloidogyne spp. by a unique combination of characters. Females display a prominent neck, an excretory pore is located on the ventral region between 23rd and 25th annule behind lips, an EP/ST ratio of approximately 2.5 (1.98–2.96), a perineal pattern with two large and prominent phasmids, and a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure. Males display an obvious head region, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, no lateral lips, a prominent slit-like opening between the labial disc and medial lips, a distinct sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. Second-stage juveniles are characterized by a head region with slightly wrinkled mark, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, a slightly sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, a slit-like amphidial openings between the labial disc and lateral lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. The new species has rare Mdh (N3d) and Est phenotypes (VF1). Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, D2D3 fragments of rDNA, and coxI and coxII fragments of mtDNA sequences clearly separated the new species from other root-knot nematodes, and the closest relative was Meloidogyne mali. Meloidogyne mali was collected for amplifying these sequences as mentioned above, which were compared with the corresponding sequences of new species, the result showed that all of these sequences with highly base divergence (48–210 base divergence). Moreover, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers for rapid identification of this new species were designed.

Description of Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae), a parasite of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore from Japan, including a key to the species of the genus Cryphodera Colbran, 1966

Nematology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerrit Karssen ◽  
Adriaan Van Aelst
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Long Head

AbstractA non cyst-forming heteroderid nematode, Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp., is described and illustrated from the roots of Pinus thunbergii Parlatore from Japan; this new species is characterised by globose female with annulated cuticle and curved projecting neck; stylet 41.5 mum long, with rounded knobs, set off from the shaft; excretory pore located 120 to 157 mum from the anterior end, vulva terminal, with a vulva-anus distance of 49 mum and slightly protruding vulval lips, vulva-anus area ranging from flat to concave, subcrystalline layer present, eggs retained in the body; males rare, with head region set off, two lip annules present, stylet 37.5 mum long, rounded knobs set off, anteriorly slightly pointed, lateral field with three incisures, areolated; second-stage juvenile body 493 mum long, head region set off, four cephalic annuli present, stylet 33.5 mum long, with large anteriorly concave knobs, set off from the shaft, tail 70 mum, tapering towards a pointed hyaline tail terminus of 37 mum in length, areolated lateral field with three incisures, phasmids with a lens-like structure located 6 to 10 mum posterior to the anus. A key for the Cryphodera species is proposed. Description de Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) parasite de Pinus thunbergii Parlatore au Japon et clef des especes du genre Cryphodera Colbran, 1966 - Un nematode Heteroderide ne formant pas de kyste, Cryphodera brinkmani n. sp., provenant des racines de Pinus thunbergii au Japon, est decrit et illustre; cette nouvelle espece est caracterisee par les femelles globuleuses a cuticule annelee et extremite anterieure courbe, stylet long de 41,5 mum a boutons basaux arrondis bien individualises, pore excreteur situe a 120-157 mum de l'extremite anterieure, vulve terminale (distance vulve-anus 49 mum) et levres vulvaires legerement saillantes, aire perineale plate a concave, presence d'une couche subcristalline, oeufs retenus dans le corps. Les males, rares, ont une region labiale separee du reste du corps, deux anneaux cephaliques, un stylet long de 37,5 mum avec boutons basaux arrondis, bien individualises et legerement pointus anterieurement, des champs lateraux avec trois incisures, areoles. Les juveniles de deuxieme stade, longs de 493 mum, ont une region cephalique separee avec quatre anneaux, un stylet long de 33,5 mum avec des boutons basaux de grande taille, bien individualises et a face anterieure concave, une queue longue de 70 mum, amincie a extremite effilee avec une zone hyaline longue de 37 mum, des champs lateraux marques de trois incisures et areoles, des phasmides a structure lenticulaire situees 6-10 mum posterieurement a l'anus. Une clef pour la determination des especes du genre Cryphodera est proposee.

First record of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor in New Zealand with description, sequencing information and key to known species of Meloidogyne in New Zealand 

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (2) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZENG QI ZHAO ◽  
WELLCOME HO ◽  
RUTH GRIFFIN ◽  
MICHAEL SURREY ◽  
ROBERT TAYLOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
First Record ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Labial Disc

Meloidogyne minor Karssen et al. 2004 was collected from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) growing in a sports ground in Christchurch, New Zealand. This is a new record for M. minor, the first report of this nematode occurring in New Zealand, and the second report from the southern hemisphere (after Chile). In general, the New Zealand isolate of M. minor corresponds well to the descriptions of M. minor given by Karssen et al. (2004). The New Zealand isolate is characterized by having a female with dorsally curved stylet, 13–14 μm long, with transversely ovoid knobs slightly sloping backwards from shaft; rounded perineal pattern; and male with stylet 16–19 μm long, large transversely ovoid knobs sloping slightly backwards from shaft; head region not set off, labial disc elevated, lateral lips prominent; and second stage juvenile 370–390 μm long, with hemizonid posterior but adjacent to excretory pore; tail 53–63 μm long; and a distinct hyaline tail terminus 14–18 μm long. In addition, molecular phylogeny using near full length small subunit (SSU), D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and 2), and the intergenic spacer (IGS2) of the ribosomal rDNA supports the identification. 

Meloidogyne pisi n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising pea in Brazil

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Charchar ◽  
Maria Jose Charchar ◽  
Jonathan Eisenback ◽  
Maria Esther Boiteux
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Posterior Region ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Second Stage

AbstractMeloidogyne pisi n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens obtained from roots of pea cv. Mikado in Brasilia, Brazil. The female perineal pattern is variable in shape, most are rounded to ovoid, whereas others have a moderately high, squarish dorsal arch, and can be marked with several striae parallel to the vulva or may be nearly free of striae. Lateral fields may contain a few irregular, wavy, transverse striae or be difficult to discern. Female medial lips are wide and long, sometimes with distinctly indented outer margins; the lateral lips are large and triangular, head annule is wide and marked by incomplete annulations and transverse folds. Stylet is 13-17 μm long with large, elongated knobs and a shaft that is cylindrical, straight and thick. Lumen lining of pharynx containing numerous rounded cuticular thickenings throughout its length; excretory pore located between base of stylet and median bulb. Males are 893-2510 μm long with a 19-26 μm long stylet bearing large elongated knobs, shaft marked with small, rounded projections. Second-stage juveniles are 374-463 μm long with medial lips often indented medially and 10-11 μm long stylet. Tail slender, 42-66 μm long with large irregular annules in posterior region, a slightly pointed tip and hyaline region 9-17 μm long. Many galls and egg masses are produced on tomato, tobacco and varieties of pea and bean. Few galls occur on watermelon and corn and reproduction is poor on pepper. No reproduction occurs on peanut, cotton or soybean.

Meloidogyne izalcoensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising coffee in El Salvador

Nematology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adan Hernandez ◽  
Regina Carneiro ◽  
Ana Cristina Gomes ◽  
Maria Ritta Almeida
Keyword(s):  
El Salvador ◽  
Ventral Side ◽  
The Body ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Female Head ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Labial Disc ◽  
Esterase Phenotype

AbstractA new root-knot nematode parasitising coffee in the region of the Izalco volcano, Sansonate, El Salvador, is described as Meloidogyne izalcoensis n. sp. The suggested common name is El Salvador coffee root-knot nematode. The perineal pattern is characterised by the moderately high to high, squareish to rounded, dorsal arch, striae coarse, smooth to wavy, sometimes zigzaggy, usually without a distinct whorl, and similar to that of M. incognita and M. paranaensis. The female head region set off from body, sometimes annulated, and the labial disc has two prominent elevations or bumps on the ventral side that are slightly raised above the medial lips. The female stylet is robust, 15.0-16.0 μm long and with the DGO at 4.5-6.0 μm posterior to the knobs. Males have a high, round, head cap continuous with the body contour and the labial disc is fused with the medial lips to form an elongated structure. The head region is never marked by incomplete annulations. The stylet is robust, 23.0-26.0 μm long, and has rounded, backwardly sloping, knobs with the DGO located at 4.0-7.0 μm posteriorly. The stylet of second-stage juveniles is 12.0-13.0 μm long and the DGO is located 3.0-4.0 μm posterior to the stylet base; the tail is 45-48 μm long, conoid, with a rounded terminus. Biochemically, the esterase phenotype I4 (= Sa4) (Rm: 0.86, 0.96, 1.24, 1.30) is unique and is the most useful character to differentiate M. izalcoensis n. sp. from all other species.

scholarly journals First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica on Tomato in Slovenia

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 680-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Širca ◽  
G. Urek ◽  
G. Karssen
Keyword(s):  
Egg Laying ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Esterase Isozyme ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Reliable Identification ◽  
First Report ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Meloidogyne Ethiopica

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead originally described from Tanzania is also distributed in South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Ethiopia (3). Although this species is a relatively unknown root-knot nematode, M. ethiopica parasitizes several economical important crops, such as tomato, cowpea, bean, cabbage, pepper, pumpkin, tobacco, lettuce, and soybean (4). This species can be morphologically confused with M. incognita (Kofoid & White), and therefore, is probably easily overlooked (1). Recently, characteristic esterase isozyme patterns were described for this species, which provide a more reliable identification (2). In October 2003, Lycopersicum esculentum cv. Belle plants with large root-galls were observed in a greenhouse at Dornberk, Slovenia, which were identified as an unknown root-knot nematode within the M. incognita group. Subsequent sampling revealed infestation of all tomato plants within this greenhouse with obvious aboveground symptoms of stunting and wilting. Additional morphological and isozyme studies identified this root-knot nematode as M. ethiopica. The identification was based on female, male, and second-stage juvenile morphology and malate dehydrogenase and esterase isozyme phenotypes from young egg-laying females isolated from 20 tomato plants and compared with a culture of M. ethiopica from Africa. To our knowledge, this is not only the first report of M. ethiopica in Slovenia, but also the first report of this species in Europe. References: (1) A. M. Golden. Fundam. Appl. Nematol. 15:189, 1992. (2) W. Mandefro and K. Dagne. Afr. J. Plant Prot. 10:39, 2000. (3) A. G. Whitehead. Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond. 31:263, 1968. (4) A. G. Whitehead. Nematologica 15:315, 1969.

Meloidogyne luci n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising different crops in Brazil, Chile and Iran

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽  
Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽  
Valdir R. Correa ◽  
Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽  
Valdir R. Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Head Region ◽  
Body Contour ◽  
Differential Host ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Pharyngeal Gland ◽  
Labial Disc ◽  
Rrna Sequences ◽  
Esterase Phenotype

A new root-knot nematode parasitising vegetables, flowers and fruits in Brazil, Iran and Chile, is described as Meloidogyne luci n. sp. The female has an oval to squarish perineal pattern with a low to moderately high dorsal arc and without shoulders, similar to M. ethiopica. The female stylet is robust and 15-16 μm long; the distance from the dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice to the stylet base (DGO) is 3-4 μm. Males have a high, rounded head cap continuous with the body contour. The labial disc is fused with the medial lips to form an elongated lip structure. The head region is not marked by incomplete annulations. Male stylet robust, 20.8-23.0 μm long with rounded knobs; the DGO is 2.5-4.5 μm. The stylet of second-stage juveniles (J2) is 12.0-13.5 μm long and the DGO to the stylet base is 2.3-3.3 μm. The J2 tail is conoid with finely rounded terminus and is 40.0-48.5 μm long. Biochemically, the esterase phenotype L3 (: 1.05, 1.10, 1.25) is unique and is the most useful character to differentiate M. luci n. sp. from all other Meloidogyne species. Reproduction is by mitotic parthenogenesis (2n = 42-46 chromosomes). In a differential host test, the population from Lavandula spica, Caxias do Sul, RS State, Brazil, reproduced on tomato cv. Rutgers, tobacco cv. NC95 and pepper cv. California Wonder. No reproduction occurred on watermelon cv. Charleston Gray, cotton cv. Deltapine 61 or peanut cv. Florunner. In Neighbour-Joining analyses of ITS and D2-D3 rRNA sequences, populations of M. luci n. sp. from Brazil, Chile and Iran clustered together and were clearly separated from other Meloidogyne spp., thus confirming that all three populations are very similar and conspecific.

scholarly journals A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitizing Robusta coffee from Western Highlands, Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. L. Le ◽  
T. D. Nguyen ◽  
H. T. Nguyen ◽  
G. Liebanas ◽  
T. A. D. Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Robusta Coffee ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Lateral Lines ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Tail Tip ◽  
Labial Disc

SummaryA new root-knot nematode, parasitizing Robusta coffee in Dak Lak Province, Western Highlands of Vietnam, is described as Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrated that this species differs clearly from other previously described root-knot nematodes. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by a swollen body of females with a small posterior protuberance that elongated from ovoid to saccate; perineal patterns with smooth striae, continuous and low dorsal arch; lateral lines marked as a faint space or linear depression at junction of the dorsal and ventral striate; distinct phasmids; perivulval region free of striae; visible and wide tail terminus surrounding by concentric circles of striae; medial lips of females in dumbbell-shaped and slightly raised above lateral lips; female stylet is normally straight with posteriorly sloping stylet knobs; lip region of second stage juvenile (J2) is not annulated; medial lips and labial disc of J2 formed dumbbell shape; lateral lips are large and triangular; tail of J2 is conoid with rounded unstriated tail tip; distinct phasmids and hyaline; dilated rectum. Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. is most similar to M. africana, M. ottersoni by prominent posterior protuberance. Results of molecular analysis of rDNA sequences including the D2–D3 expansion regions of 28S rDNA, COI, and partial COII/16S rRNA of mitochondrial DNA support for the new species status.

scholarly journals Root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and its management: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
Bihani Thapa ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Juvenile ◽  
Growth Quality

Root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita stands out among the most harmful polyphagous endoparasite causing serious harm to plants, and distributed all over the globe. RKN causes reduced growth, quality and yield along with reduced resistance of the host against biotic and abiotic stresses. Infective second stage juvenile enters host roots with the help of the stylet and becomes sedentary getting into the vascular cylinder. Dramatic changes occur in host cells, making a specialized feeding site, induced by the secretion of effector protein by RKN. M. incognita can be controlled by nematicides, biocontrol agents, botanicals essential oils and growing resistant cultivars. Nematicides are no longer allowed to use in many parts of the world because of environmental hazards and toxicity to humans and other organisms. Researchers are concentrating on searching suitable alternatives to nematicides for effective management of M. incognita. This review mainly tries to explain the biology of M. incognita and different management options recommended in recent years. However, an effective and economical management of M. incognita remains an immense challenge.

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