Meloidogyne izalcoensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising coffee in El Salvador

AbstractA new root-knot nematode parasitising coffee in the region of the Izalco volcano, Sansonate, El Salvador, is described as Meloidogyne izalcoensis n. sp. The suggested common name is El Salvador coffee root-knot nematode. The perineal pattern is characterised by the moderately high to high, squareish to rounded, dorsal arch, striae coarse, smooth to wavy, sometimes zigzaggy, usually without a distinct whorl, and similar to that of M. incognita and M. paranaensis. The female head region set off from body, sometimes annulated, and the labial disc has two prominent elevations or bumps on the ventral side that are slightly raised above the medial lips. The female stylet is robust, 15.0-16.0 μm long and with the DGO at 4.5-6.0 μm posterior to the knobs. Males have a high, round, head cap continuous with the body contour and the labial disc is fused with the medial lips to form an elongated structure. The head region is never marked by incomplete annulations. The stylet is robust, 23.0-26.0 μm long, and has rounded, backwardly sloping, knobs with the DGO located at 4.0-7.0 μm posteriorly. The stylet of second-stage juveniles is 12.0-13.0 μm long and the DGO is located 3.0-4.0 μm posterior to the stylet base; the tail is 45-48 μm long, conoid, with a rounded terminus. Biochemically, the esterase phenotype I4 (= Sa4) (Rm: 0.86, 0.96, 1.24, 1.30) is unique and is the most useful character to differentiate M. izalcoensis n. sp. from all other species.

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Meloidogyne luci n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising different crops in Brazil, Chile and Iran

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002765 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 289-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽

Valdir R. Correa ◽

Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽

Valdir R. Correa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Head Region ◽

Body Contour ◽

Differential Host ◽

Second Stage ◽

Pharyngeal Gland ◽

Labial Disc ◽

Rrna Sequences ◽

Esterase Phenotype

A new root-knot nematode parasitising vegetables, flowers and fruits in Brazil, Iran and Chile, is described as Meloidogyne luci n. sp. The female has an oval to squarish perineal pattern with a low to moderately high dorsal arc and without shoulders, similar to M. ethiopica. The female stylet is robust and 15-16 μm long; the distance from the dorsal pharyngeal gland orifice to the stylet base (DGO) is 3-4 μm. Males have a high, rounded head cap continuous with the body contour. The labial disc is fused with the medial lips to form an elongated lip structure. The head region is not marked by incomplete annulations. Male stylet robust, 20.8-23.0 μm long with rounded knobs; the DGO is 2.5-4.5 μm. The stylet of second-stage juveniles (J2) is 12.0-13.5 μm long and the DGO to the stylet base is 2.3-3.3 μm. The J2 tail is conoid with finely rounded terminus and is 40.0-48.5 μm long. Biochemically, the esterase phenotype L3 (: 1.05, 1.10, 1.25) is unique and is the most useful character to differentiate M. luci n. sp. from all other Meloidogyne species. Reproduction is by mitotic parthenogenesis (2n = 42-46 chromosomes). In a differential host test, the population from Lavandula spica, Caxias do Sul, RS State, Brazil, reproduced on tomato cv. Rutgers, tobacco cv. NC95 and pepper cv. California Wonder. No reproduction occurred on watermelon cv. Charleston Gray, cotton cv. Deltapine 61 or peanut cv. Florunner. In Neighbour-Joining analyses of ITS and D2-D3 rRNA sequences, populations of M. luci n. sp. from Brazil, Chile and Iran clustered together and were clearly separated from other Meloidogyne spp., thus confirming that all three populations are very similar and conspecific.

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Additional information on Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising kiwi fruit and grape-vine from Brazil and Chile

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854104323072982 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 109-123 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Regina Carneiro ◽

Onivaldo Randig ◽

Maria Ritta Almeida ◽

Ana Cristina Gomes

Keyword(s):

Tail Length ◽

The Body ◽

Bootstrap Support ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Head Region ◽

Body Contour ◽

Kiwi Fruit ◽

Grape Vine ◽

Labial Disc ◽

Meloidogyne Ethiopica

Abstract A root-knot nematode parasitising kiwi fruit (Actinidia deliciosa) in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil and grape-vine (Vitis vinifera) in Chile, is identified as Meloidogyne ethiopica Whitehead, 1968. The species is redescribed from this new material and compared with the type description of M. ethiopica and another population of the species from Kenya. The female has an oval to squarish perineal pattern with a moderately high to high dorsal arch, smooth, widely spaced striae, and no 'shoulders'. The head region is set off with an elevated squarish labial disc, usually marked by annulations, and the stylet is 12-15 μm long, the cone usually being slightly curved dorsally and the shaft gradually widening posteriorly to near the junction with the rounded stylet knobs. The DGO is 3.0-5.0 μm behind the knobs. The male has a high, rounded head cap which is continuous with the body contour and has a distinct labial disc, almost circular to hexagonal in shape, and distinctly separated from the medial lips. The stylet is robust, 23-27 μm long with a straight cone and a cylindrical shaft widening slightly near its junction with the basal knobs which are smooth, round to pear-shaped and backwardly sloping. The stylet length of the second-stage juvenile is 11-14 μm, the DGO is 2.0-3.0 μm behind the knobs and the tail length is 52-72 μm. Biochemically, the esterase phenotype E3 ( Ki3) is species-specific and is the most useful character for differentiating M. ethiopica from other species. Reproduction is by mitotic parthenogenesis, 2n 36-38. In a differential host test, populations of M. ethiopica reproduced on tomato, tobacco, pepper and watermelon. No reproduction occurred on cotton or peanut. Using the PCR-RAPD analysis to compare populations from Brazil, Chile and Kenya, a low proportion of polymorphic fragments (about 17.7%) was detected and the isolates clustered together with high bootstrap support (100%), thus confirming that all three populations are very similar and apparently conspecific.

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A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitizing grape in Yunnan

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0245201 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. e0245201

Author(s):

Yanmei Yang ◽

Xianqi Hu ◽

Pei Liu ◽

Li Chen ◽

Huan Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Morphometric Traits ◽

Head Region ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Second Stage ◽

Labial Disc

An unknown root-knot nematode was found at high density on grape roots collected from Yunnan Province. Morphometric traits and measurements, isozyme phenotypes, and molecular analysis clearly differentiated this nematode from previously described root-knot nematodes. This new species is described, illustrated and named Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. The new species can be distinguished from other Meloidogyne spp. by a unique combination of characters. Females display a prominent neck, an excretory pore is located on the ventral region between 23rd and 25th annule behind lips, an EP/ST ratio of approximately 2.5 (1.98–2.96), a perineal pattern with two large and prominent phasmids, and a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure. Males display an obvious head region, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, no lateral lips, a prominent slit-like opening between the labial disc and medial lips, a distinct sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. Second-stage juveniles are characterized by a head region with slightly wrinkled mark, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, a slightly sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, a slit-like amphidial openings between the labial disc and lateral lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. The new species has rare Mdh (N3d) and Est phenotypes (VF1). Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, D2D3 fragments of rDNA, and coxI and coxII fragments of mtDNA sequences clearly separated the new species from other root-knot nematodes, and the closest relative was Meloidogyne mali. Meloidogyne mali was collected for amplifying these sequences as mentioned above, which were compared with the corresponding sequences of new species, the result showed that all of these sequences with highly base divergence (48–210 base divergence). Moreover, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers for rapid identification of this new species were designed.

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Meloidogyne phaseoli n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising bean in Brazil

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108784513842 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 525-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maria Jose Charchar ◽

Jonathan Eisenback ◽

Maria Esther Boiteux ◽

João Charchar

Keyword(s):

Excretory Pore ◽

Posterior Region ◽

Esterase Isozyme ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Head Region ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Second Stage ◽

Stage Juvenile ◽

Labial Disc

AbstractMeloidogyne phaseoli n. sp. is described and illustrated from specimens parasitising bean cv. Carioca in Brasilia, Brazil. The perineal pattern of the female is rounded to oval-shaped with a dorsal arch that is flattened to moderately high and squarish, sometimes with rounded shoulders. The striae are moderately spaced and often distinctly forked in the lateral field. The female stylet is 14-19 μm long and has broad, distinctly set-off knobs and several small, rounded projections on the shaft. The excretory pore opens 34-82 μm from the head near the level of metacorpus. Males are 999-2105 μm in length and have a high, wide head cap that slopes posteriorly. The labial disc and medial lips are partially fused to form an elongated lip structure. The robust stylet is 20-26 μm long and has wide knobs that are distinctly set-off from the shaft which is marked by several small, round projections. Mean second-stage juvenile length is 464 μm. The head region is not annulated and the large labial disc and crescent-shaped medial lips are fused to form a dumbbell-shaped head cap. The stylet is 10.5-12 μm long and has rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The slender tail, 46-64 μm long, has large irregular-sized annules in the posterior region and a slightly rounded tip. The hyaline tail terminus is long, 10.5-19.3 μm. The esterase isozyme is a unique E3 phenotype having one weak and two strong bands. Tomato, tobacco, bean and pea are good hosts, corn is a very poor host, whilst pepper, watermelon, peanut, cotton and soybean are non-hosts.

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Additional information on Meloidogyne inornata Lordello, 1956 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) and its characterisation as a valid species

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854108783360131 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 123-136 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Regina M.D.G. Carneiro ◽

Maria de Lourdes Mendes ◽

Maria Ritta A. Almeida ◽

Marcilene F.A. dos Santos ◽

Ana Cristina M.M. Gomes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tail Length ◽

Original Description ◽

The Body ◽

Valid Species ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Head Region ◽

Body Contour ◽

Additional Information ◽

Stylet Length ◽

Species Specific

Abstract A root-knot nematode parasitising yakon (Polymia sonchifolia) in São Paulo State, Brazil, is identified as Meloidogyne inornata. The species is redescribed from this material and compared with the original description of M. inornata. The female perineal patterns have a distinct, high, dorsal arch composed of smooth to wavy striae, similar to Meloidogyne incognita. The female stylet is 15.0-17.0 μm long with the cone generally slightly curved dorsally and with well developed knobs. DGO is 3.5-4.5 μm. Males have a high, rounded, head cap that is continuous with the body contour and has a large, round, centrally concave, labial disc raised above the medial lips. The head region is never marked by incomplete annulations and the stylet is robust, 20.0-25.0 μm long, with a straight cone, cylindrical shaft with several small projections and pear-shaped, backwardly sloping knobs. The stylet length of second-stage juveniles is 10.0-13.0 μm, DGO is 2.5-3.5 μm, tail length is 35.0-58.0 μm and c = 6.7-13.9. Biochemically, the esterase phenotype I3 (= Y3) is species-specific and is the most useful character for differentiating M. inornata from other Meloidogyne species. Reproduction is by mitotic parthenogenesis, 3n = 54-58. In a soybean test, cv. Abura was susceptible and cv. LA411219 was highly resistant. As the type material is lost, a neotype female is formally designated.

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Meloidogyne brasilensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode parasitising tomato cv. Rossol in Brazil

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685410260438926 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 629-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jonathan Eisenback ◽

João Charchar

Keyword(s):

Excretory Pore ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Head Region ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Second Stage ◽

Stage Juvenile ◽

High Head ◽

Labial Disc ◽

Very High

AbstractMeloidogyne brasilensis n. sp., Londrina and Brasilia populations, is described and illustrated from specimens from tomato cv. Rossol and pea cv. Mikado, respectively, in Brazil. Characteristically, the perineal pattern is elongated to ovoid with a flattened to very high, squarish dorsal arch with widely spaced, coarse striae. The lateral fields may have wing-like striae on one or both sides. The female stylet is 14 μm long with narrow and elongated knobs that are distinctly set-off from the shaft. The excretory pore is variable in location, but generally opens near the anterior portion of the median bulb about 50 μm from the head end. The male is 1.89 mm long and has a high head cap that slopes posteriorly. The labial disc is separated from the medial lips by a deep, rounded groove. The delicate stylet of the male is 23 μm long and has small, rounded knobs that are distinctly set-off from the shaft which has numerous small, rounded projections. Mean second-stage juvenile length is 434 μm. The juvenile head cap is highly elevated, the medial lips are crescent-shaped and unequal in size, and the head region is not annulated. The stylet is 11 μm long and has small, rounded, posteriorly sloping knobs. The tail is 53 μm long; it is marked with large, irregular annules and ends in a bluntly rounded tip. The hyaline tail terminus is short (13 μm). Reproduction occurred on NC95 tobacco, tomato, pea, and bean, whereas pepper, watermelon, peanut, cotton, corn, and soybean were not hosts.

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First record of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor in New Zealand with description, sequencing information and key to known species of Meloidogyne in New Zealand

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4231.2.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4231 (2) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

ZENG QI ZHAO ◽

WELLCOME HO ◽

RUTH GRIFFIN ◽

MICHAEL SURREY ◽

ROBERT TAYLOR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

First Record ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Head Region ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Stage Juvenile ◽

Labial Disc

Meloidogyne minor Karssen et al. 2004 was collected from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) growing in a sports ground in Christchurch, New Zealand. This is a new record for M. minor, the first report of this nematode occurring in New Zealand, and the second report from the southern hemisphere (after Chile). In general, the New Zealand isolate of M. minor corresponds well to the descriptions of M. minor given by Karssen et al. (2004). The New Zealand isolate is characterized by having a female with dorsally curved stylet, 13–14 μm long, with transversely ovoid knobs slightly sloping backwards from shaft; rounded perineal pattern; and male with stylet 16–19 μm long, large transversely ovoid knobs sloping slightly backwards from shaft; head region not set off, labial disc elevated, lateral lips prominent; and second stage juvenile 370–390 μm long, with hemizonid posterior but adjacent to excretory pore; tail 53–63 μm long; and a distinct hyaline tail terminus 14–18 μm long. In addition, molecular phylogeny using near full length small subunit (SSU), D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and 2), and the intergenic spacer (IGS2) of the ribosomal rDNA supports the identification.

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SEM studies on the Mediterranean olive root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne baetica, and histopathology on two additional natural hosts

Nematology ◽

10.1163/1568541042843540 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 749-754 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gracia Liébanas ◽

Pablo Castillo ◽

Nicola Vovlas

Keyword(s):

Egg Mass ◽

Herbaceous Plant ◽

Entire Body ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Second Stage ◽

Natural Hosts ◽

Single Structure ◽

Wild Olive ◽

Labial Disc ◽

Sem Studies

AbstractSEM studies on a Meloidogyne baetica population provided additional details of the external morphology for female, male and second-stage juveniles. The labial disc in female and male specimens is fused with the medial lips forming a single structure. In second-stage juveniles the lateral lips are triangular with rounded margins. The amphidial opening for all life stages appears oval to rectangular in shape and is located between the labial disc and lateral lips. Lateral fields of male and second-stage juveniles have four incisures irregularly areolated along the entire body. The results of a host-range study for additional natural hosts of M. baetica conducted in wild olive communities growing at Vejer de la Frontera (Cádiz province) in southern Spain are also reported. Apart from the type host, M. baetica was found to infect two natural woody host plants, lentisc (Pistacia lentiscus) and Aristolochia baetica. Hostparasite relationships in these new hosts confirmed the typical susceptible reaction observed in wild and cultivated olives. Similarly, the reproductive fitness, evaluated as the number of eggs per egg mass, was not significantly different in all plant hosts. No infections or galled roots were observed in herbaceous plant species studied and M. baetica must therefore be considered as a parasite of woody plants.

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Description of Meloidogyne minor n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), a root-knot nematode associated with yellow patch disease in golf courses

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854104323072937 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 59-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Gerrit Karssen ◽

Robert Jan Bolk ◽

Adriaan Van Aelst ◽

Ineke van den Beld ◽

Linda Kox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Host Plants ◽

Golf Courses ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Head Region ◽

Small Root ◽

Yellow Patch ◽

Patch Disease ◽

Labial Disc

Abstract A relatively small root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne minor n. sp., is described and illustrated from tomato from the Netherlands. This new species is characterised by the following features: female with dorsally curved stylet, 14 μm long, with transversely ovoid knobs slightly sloping backwards from the shaft; perineal pattern rounded; male stylet 18 μm long, large transversely ovoid knobs slightly sloping backwards from the shaft; head region not set off, labial disc elevated, lateral lips prominent; and secondstage juvenile 377 μm long, with hemizonid posterior adjacent to excretory pore; tail 54 μm long; and a distinct hyaline tail terminus 16 μm long. Additionally, distinguishing information on isozymes, DNA, cytogenetics and host plants is presented. Meloidogyne minor n. sp. has so far been found on potato in the Netherlands and has been detected in the British Isles on several golf courses, associated with yellow patches, often together with M. naasi.

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Description of Pratylenchoides ojcowensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Merlinidae) from Polish Jurassic Highland

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4742.1.7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4742 (1) ◽

pp. 117-128

Author(s):

GRAŻYNA WINISZEWSKA ◽

RENATA DOBOSZ ◽

TADEUSZ MALEWSKI ◽

ANDRZEJ SKWIERCZ

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Middle Part ◽

The Body ◽

28S Rdna ◽

Body Contour ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Female Head ◽

Rdna Sequences ◽

The Status ◽

28S Rdna Sequences

A new species of the genus Pratylenchoides has been described. It was found in Polish Jurassic Highland, in Ojców National Park. Pratylenchoides ojcowensis sp. nov. was isolated from the soil located around tangled roots of Elymus sp. and Trifolium sp. This species is marked by a conical head in both females and males which is not separated from the body contour and has with 4–5 annuli; a relatively short stylet (20.3–21.3 µm females, 17.7–20.9 µm males) with oval knobs directed posteriorly; the dorsal pharyngeal nucleus located anterior to the cardia (the subventral pharyngeal nuclei located posterior; a pharyngeal lobe of length about two body widths (1.8–2.6); a lateral field with 6 lines in the middle part of body and sometimes with partially areolated outer bands; intestinal fasciculi present; round sperm in the spermatheca in females; a female tail with a maximum of 29 annuli, and an annulated tail terminus. The status of the new species has been verifiied by DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA region. The results obtained in the study indicated that P. ojcowensis sp. nov. is most related to P. alkani, P. ritteri and P. nevadensis from which is distinguished by the shape of the female head (conoid vs rounded), shorter stylet in females (20.3–21.3 µm vs 22.0–25.0 µm, 21.0–25.0 µm, 22.0–26.0 µm) and differences in 28S rDNA sequences. In addition (as per the original descriptions Yüksel 1977, Sher 1970, Talavera & Tobar 1996) it is distinguished from P. alkani by smaller number of male’s head annuli (4–5 vs 7–9), from P. ritteri it is distinguished by posteriorly directed stylet knobs (vs directed laterally), from P. nevadensis it is distinguished by oval and posteriorly directed stylet knobs (vs rounded and directed laterally).

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