Description of Ruehmaphelenchus formosanus n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from Euwallacea fornicates from Taiwan

A Ruehmaphelenchus species was isolated from an ambrosia beetle, Euwallacea fornicates, during a biodiversity survey of entomophilic nematodes in Taichung, Taiwan. The new species is characterised by a unique tail morphology in both males and females, and a unique spicule morphology in males. The male spicule has clear dorsal and ventral limbs (connected by a blade-like cuticle), a triangular membrane-like structure on its sides, and short, conspicuous, laterally oriented, projections at the distal end. In a molecular phylogenetic tree, inferred from near-full-length small subunit (SSU: 18S) and D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU: 28S) of ribosomal RNA, the new species and other nominal and undescribed Ruehmaphelenchus species formed a well supported clade within Bursaphelenchus. Although this result supports a previous study that suggested that Ruehmaphelenchus is a junior synonym of Bursaphelenchus, the generic relationship between Ruehmaphelenchus and Bursaphelenchus remains somewhat uncertain. Therefore, R. formosanus n. sp. is described as a member of Ruehmaphelenchus, although this should be regarded as a tentative placement.

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Description of Ruehmaphelenchus fujiensis n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from dead wood of Quercus crispula from Yamanashi, Japan

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10072 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Cryptic Species ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Quercus Crispula ◽

Female Tail ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

Summary Three undescribed Ruehmaphelenchus species were isolated from dead wood of Quercus crispula collected in three different localities in Japan. One of these three species was successfully cultured using Botrytis cinerea as its food fungus and is described and figured as R. fujiensis n. sp. The new species is characterised by the following features: male tail, conical with or without a projection; female tail, conical with variously shaped terminal mucron or projection; and male spicule possessing a relatively long and triangular condylus. The new species is close to, or almost a cryptic species of R. digitulus, i.e., the typological characters and morphometric values of these two species are mostly overlapping. In a molecular phylogenetic relationship inferred from near-full-length small subunit (18S) and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (28S) of ribosomal RNA, the new species is close to R. asiaticus, R. digitulus, R. formosanus, and Ruehmaphelenchus sp. NKZ202; however, it was clearly separated from these species.

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Description of Bursaphelenchus kiyoharai n. sp. (Tylenchina: Aphelenchoididae) with remarks on the taxonomic framework of the Parasitaphelenchinae Rühm, 1956 and Aphelenchoidinae Fuchs, 1937

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855410x552652 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 787-804 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Noritoshi Maehara ◽

Takuya Aikawa ◽

Hayato Masuya ◽

Robin M. Giblin-Davis

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Mountain Range ◽

Biodiversity Survey ◽

Phylogenetic Status ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Taxonomic Framework ◽

Definition Of

Abstract A Bursaphelenchus species was isolated from an ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus seriatus, during a biodiversity survey of entomophilic nematodes in a conserved forest in the Shirakami mountain range, Aomori, Japan. The nematode has several interesting morphological characters that do not fit the morphological definition of Bursaphelenchus, e.g., males have a tail spike instead of a bursal flap and lack the P1 ventral single papilla, and females have a very long and tapering tail (filiform). The molecular phylogenetic status of the new species inferred by the near-full-length small subunit (SSU: 18S) and the D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU: 28S) suggests, however, that the nematode is included in the B. fungivorus group, and is most closely related to B. thailandae and B. willibaldi. Despite these unique morphological characters, its spicule morphology, which is almost identical to that of B. gonzalezi, B. thailandae and B. willibaldi, and vulval structure, i.e., lacking a vulval flap, are in accordance with the molecular phylogenetic status of the nematode. The new species, which shows evidence of secondary loss of the bursal flap and P1 papilla, is described herein as B. kiyoharai n. sp. The typological descriptions of the genus and Parasitaphelenchinae were reconsidered and the taxonomic framework of the Aphelenchoidinae and Parasitaphelenchinae revised. Bursaphelenchus asiaticus n. comb. is proposed for Ruehmaphelenchus asiaticus.

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Observations on Malenchus geraerti n. sp. (Rhabditida: Tylenchidae), a morphological and molecular phylogenetic study

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4369.3.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4369 (3) ◽

pp. 406 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

MAJID PEDRAM ◽

MAHYA SOLEYMANZADEH ◽

EBRAHIM POURJAM ◽

MAHYAR MOBASSERI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Northern Iran ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Short Body

Malenchus geraerti n. sp., recovered from natural regions of northern Iran, is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterized by having females with a short body, an anteriorly wide S-shaped amphidial opening narrowing posteriorly, cuticle with prominent annuli, lateral field a plain band with smooth margins, muscular metacorpus with well-developed valve and corresponding plates, spermatheca filled with small spheroid sperm cells, vulva sunken in body with large epiptygma and no flap, and conical tail tapering gradually to a more or less pointed tip. Males of the new species are characterized by having a short body, tylenchoid spicules, adcloacal bursa with smooth margin and tail similar to that of the female. Morphologically, the new species is similar to five known species of the genus: M. fusiformis, M. machadoi, M. pachycephalus, M. solovjovae and M. undulatus. It most closely resembles M. pachycephalus, but as a cryptic species it can be differentiated using morphological and molecular characteristics. Comparisons with the four other aforementioned species are also discussed. Molecular phylogenetic studies using partial sequences of small and large subunit ribosomal DNA fragments reveal that the new species forms a clade with the species M. neosulcus in the small subunit (SSU) rDNA, and two species of Lelenchus in the large subunit (LSU) rDNA tree.

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New observations on Miculenchus Andrássy, 1959 (Nematoda: Tylenchidae) with descriptions of two new and one known species from Iran

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (9) ◽

pp. 937-956 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yousef Panahandeh ◽

Ebrahim Pourjam ◽

Sergio Álvarez-Ortega ◽

Farahnaz Jahanshahi Afshar ◽

Majid Pedram

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Pharyngeal Bulb ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Molecular Approaches

Summary During nematological surveys in grasslands and natural forests of north and north-western Iran, three species of Miculenchus, including two new and one known species, were recovered and characterised based upon morphological and molecular approaches. Miculenchus brevisalvus n. sp., the first new species, is mainly characterised by its short females 334-388 μm long and with a short 6.0-7.5 μm long stylet, pyriform to pyriform-elongate pharyngeal bulb, 4-8 μm long post-uterine sac (PUS), offset rounded spermatheca filled with small spheroid sperm, elongate conoid tail 62-83 μm long with a sharp tip, and males with simple cloacal lips. Miculenchus muscus n. sp., the second new species, is characterised by a combination of the following features: body 401-467 μm long, well-developed protuberant labial plate at the anterior end under light microscopy, stylet 7-9 μm long, pyriform pharyngeal bulb, PUS 4-9 μm long, gradually narrowing conical tail 62-74 μm long with a finely pointed or sharp end and bearing several fine bristles at tip, and a male with projecting cloacal lips. Both newly described species were morphologically compared with four currently known species of the genus, viz., M. elegans, M. salmae, M. salvus, and M. tesselatus. Miculenchus salmae was also recovered and reported from Iran for the first time. It is mainly characterised by lacking a PUS and the characteristic vagina shape. Miculenchus muscus n. sp. and M. salmae were both characterised using scanning electron microscopic images, yielding new morphological observations for the genus. All three species are studied for their molecular phylogenetic characters using sequences of near-full length fragments of the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (SSU rDNA) and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA D2-D3). In both SSU and LSU phylogenies, all currently sequenced species of Miculenchus formed a monophyletic group with maximal clade support in both Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood analysis.

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Multi-Gene Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Hydnellum (Bankeraceae, Basidiomycota) from China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7100818 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 818

Author(s):

Yan-Hong Mu ◽

Jia-Rui Yu ◽

Ting Cao ◽

Xiang-Hua Wang ◽

Hai-Sheng Yuan

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Rna Polymerase Ii ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Morphological Studies

The genus Hydnellum is an important group of stipitate hydnaceous fungi which can form ectomycorrhiza with many species of woody plants. In recent decades, the frequency and number of basidiocarps observed in China have been declining significantly. So far, however, we know little about the species diversity of Hydnellum in China. In this study, we conducted molecular phylogenetic analyses based on sections of multiple loci, including the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) and the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), as well as morphological studies, of collected samples of Hydnellum from China. We also inferred Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian phylogenies for the order Thelephorales from the dataset of the combined nLSU and ITS. This study has revealed the phylogenetic position of Hydnellum in the order Thelephorales, and phylogenetically confirmed ten major clades in Thelephorales; Twenty-nine taxa are proposed, described or reported, including 10 new subgenera (Hydnellum subgenus Hydnellum, subg. Caesispinosum, subg. Croceum, subg. Inflatum, subg. Rhizomorphum, subg. Scabrosum, subg. Spongiosum, subg. Subindufibulatum, subg. Violaceum and subg. Zonatum), 11 new species (Hydnellum atrorubrum, H. atrospinosum, H. bomiense, H. brunneorubrum, H. fibulatum, H. granulosum, H. inflatum, H. rubidofuscum, H. squamulosum, H. sulcatum and H. yunnanense), 3 newly recorded species (H. caeruleum, H. peckii and H. spongiosipes) and 5 notable specimens (Hydnellum sp 1, H. sp 2, H. sp 3, H. sp 4 and H. sp 5). A classification system based on the morphological characteristics (especially the hyphal structure types) and molecular analyses is proposed to accommodate most species in Hydnellum. The distinguishing characters of the subgenera and the new species with their closely related taxa are discussed. A key to the species of Hydnellum from China is provided.

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Description of Ektaphelenchus berbericus n. sp. (Rhabditida: Ektaphelenchinae) from eastern Iran

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1063-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Somaye Alvani ◽

Esmat Mahdikhani-Moghadam ◽

Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽

Majid Pedram

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Slight Variation ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Lateral Field ◽

Ribosomal Rna Gene ◽

Eastern Iran

Ektaphelenchus berbericus n. sp. was recovered from soil samples collected in eastern Iran and is described and illustrated based on morphological, morphometric and molecular data. The new species is characterised by having female body 512-691 μm long, lip region separated from rest of body by a shallow depression, lips separated and equally sized, 19-22 μm long stylet with wide lumen and lacking knobs or swellings at its base, cuticle with fine, but distinct transverse annuli and three lines in lateral field, excretory pore located at base of metacorpus (with slight variation in position), reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic with spheroid and fine sperm cells inside spermatheca in some individuals and short post-vulval uterine sac (PUS), rectum and anus vestigial (invisible in few individuals), conical posterior body end (tail), narrowing at mid-point between anus and rounded tail tip, and males lacking. The new species is typologically similar to species belonging to four genera: Devibursaphelenchus, Ektaphelenchoides, Ektaphelenchus and Seinura, by a combination of morphological characters, e.g., gross morphology of stylet (lacking knobs or swellings at base), morphology of posterior body end (having short conical tail), PUS length, and having a vestigial anus and rectum in most individuals. In molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the partial small subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene (SSU) and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene, the new species is close to the Ektaphelenchoides/Cryptaphelenchus clade in an inferred SSU tree, and formed a clade with Ektaphelenchoides and Devibursaphelenchus spp. in a D2-D3 LSU tree. Further phylogenetic analyses using full length sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) (= ITS1 + 5.8S + ITS2) corroborated results from the SSU and D2-D3 LSU trees, and the multilocus analyses using the combined SSU and LSU data placed the new species in a robustly supported clade with Ektaphelenchoides poinari and Devibursaphelenchus lini.

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Bursaphelenchus sakishimanus n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae) isolated from a stag beetle, Dorcus titanus sakishimanus Nomura (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), on Ishigaki Island, Japan

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002887 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (5) ◽

pp. 531-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Kimiko Okabe ◽

Youichi Kobori

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Ribosomal Rna ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Full Length ◽

Ishigaki Island ◽

Tropical America ◽

Stag Beetles ◽

Close Relatives

An undescribedBursaphelenchusspecies was isolated and cultured fromDorcus titanus sakishimanuscollected during a field survey of the insect-associated nematodes in subtropical Japan. The stag beetles were collected from Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and dissected to examine their nematode associates. Then the dissected bodies were individually transferred to 2.0% agar plates, and nematode propagation on the plates was periodically examined. Nematodes were first recovered from the agar plate,i.e., the number of nematodes carried by the beetle was low, and infection was not confirmed during dissection. The new species was morphologically and phylogenetically (on a molecular basis) close toB. gerberae, which was isolated from the palm weevil,Rhynchophorus palmarum(Curculionidae), from tropical America, and to other weevil-associatedBursaphelenchusspecies. However, the new species can be distinguished from its close relatives by its typological characters,e.g., long and slender female tail and male spicule morphology as well as phylogenetic status inferred from the near-full-length of the small subunit (SSU) of the ribosomal RNA gene. The new species is described and illustrated herein asB. sakishimanusn. sp. and its molecular profiles, near-full-length SSU, and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit of ribosomal RNA are described. This is the secondBursaphelenchusspecies associated with stag beetles (Lucanidae).

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Bursaphelenchus penai n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Aphelenchoididae), a phoretic associate of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) from avocado in Florida

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00002797 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 683-693 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Robin M. Giblin-Davis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Nematode Species ◽

Small Subunit ◽

Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Ambrosia Beetles ◽

Redbay Ambrosia Beetle ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

During an experimental host-plant survey for the invasive redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus, in Homestead, Florida, it and three native species of ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus affinis, X. volvulus and Xyleborinus gracilis were found to be associated with a Bursaphelenchus species. This nematode species, isolated from ambrosia beetles from the tribe Xyleborini, was cultured on Monilinia fructicola or Botryotinia fuckeliana for further study and was determined to be new to science and a putative sister species to B. kiyoharai because of two apomorphic characters in males, viz., possession of a tail spike vs the typical bursal flap, and the apparent absence of the P1 ventral single papilla, both typically plesiomorphic characters for the genus. Additionally, B. kiyoharai is associated with X. serriatus suggesting that the host and microbiome associations that are shared between these two species, both of which are carried by ambrosia beetles, may have ecological and biological significance in their evolution and lineage radiation. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of the near-full-length small subunit (SSU: 18S) and the D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU: 28S) confirmed that B. penai n. sp. is very closely related to B. kiyoharai which is a member of the B. fungivorus clade that includes B. thailandae and B. willibaldi. Bursaphelenchus penai n. sp. and B. kiyoharai both share very similar overall spicule morphology with the B. fungivorus clade. The new species is described and can be typologically differentiated from B. kiyoharai by the position of the hemizonid and excretory pore and its different geographical and host associations.

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A new species of wood lizard (Hoplocercinae, Enyalioides) from the Río Huallaga Basin in Central Peru

Evolutionary Systematics ◽

10.3897/evolsyst.5.69227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 263-273

Author(s):

Pablo J. Venegas ◽

Germán Chávez ◽

Luis A. García-Ayachi ◽

Vilma Duran ◽

Omar Torres-Carvajal

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Related Species ◽

Adult Males ◽

Black Patch ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Paravertebral Region ◽

A New Species

We report the discovery of a new species of Enyalioides from the premontane forest of the Río Huallaga basin in central Peru. The most similar and phylogenetically related species are E. binzayedi and E. rudolfarndti. However, the new species differs from E. binzayedi (state of character in parentheses) by having dorsal scales strongly keeled on paravertebral region and feebly keeled or smooth elsewhere (prominent medial keel on each dorsal scale), more dorsals in transverse row between dorsolateral crests at midbody 26–39, x̄ = 30.44 (22–31, x̄ = 27.57), and a conspicuous posteromedial black patch in the gular region of males (absent). Contrarily, adult males of the new species and E. rudolfarndti are readily distinguished by having a conspicuous posteromedial black patch in the gular region, absent in E. rudolfarndti, and by lacking a conspicuous orange blotch (faint if present) on the antehumeral region, as in E. rudolfarndti. We also present an updated molecular phylogenetic tree of hoplocercines, which strongly supports both referral of the newly discovered species to Enyalioides and its status as distinct from those recognized previously.

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A revision of the genus Aciculopsora (Ramalinaceae), with the description of one new species and one new combination

Plant and Fungal Systematics ◽

10.35535/pfsyst-2020-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 200-209

Author(s):

Sonja Kistenich ◽

Mika Bendiksby ◽

Gothamie Weerakoon

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Sri Lanka ◽

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Sequence Data ◽

New Combination ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Tree ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Nrits Sequence ◽

One New Species

The tropical lichen genus Aciculopsora is still very poorly collected. Only eleven collections are known worldwide. We present a molecular phylogenetic tree based on mtSSU and nrITS sequence data from six Aciculopsora specimens. Our results corroborate the monophyly of the genus. We conclude that Aciculopsora consists of three species: A. cinerea, A. longispora comb. nov. (≡ Phyllopsora longispora, = A. salmonea syn. nov.) and A. srilankensis sp. nov. Aciculopsora cinerea occurs in Brazil, A. longispora in Argentina, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Kenya, and A. srilankensis in Sri Lanka. As such, the genus is new for the Paleotropics, Argentina and Ecuador.

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