Cryptic species in plant-parasitic nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1105-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Carolina Cantalapiedra-Navarrete ◽  
Pablo Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
The Many ◽  
Diverse Groups ◽  
Plant Parasitic

This paper summarises the current knowledge concerning cryptic species of plant-parasitic nematode and briefly reviews the different methods available for their detection and characterisation. Cryptic species represent an important component of biodiversity, such speciation being common among plant-parasitic nematodes and occurring in diverse groups with different life history traits, including the spiral, virus vector, root-lesion and false root-knot nematodes. Cryptic species are important for a number of reasons, including food security, quarantine, non-chemical management technologies and species conservation, and should not be ignored. The magnitude of the phenomenon is largely unknown, but the available data on plant-parasitic nematodes demonstrate that reliance on morphology alone for species delimitation seriously underestimates the total number of taxa. Future research should focus on appropriately designed case studies using combined approaches, including large-scale, whole sample analyses by next-generation sequencing or proteomics in order to be able to answer the many questions that still remain.

Improving the management of plant parasitic nematodes in banana: integration of technologies and responding to the demand of the consumers and markets.

2021 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Luis Ernesto Pocasangre Enamorado
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of Radopholus similis infesting bananas. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

scholarly journals Plant Parasitic Nematodes and their management in crop production: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Honey Raj Mandal ◽  
Shambhu Katel ◽  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
Jiban Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Plant Parasitic Nematodes are small worm like transparent, bilateral symmetry, pseudocoelomate, multicellular, free living or parasitic microorganism which are predatory, aquatic, terrestrial, entopathogenic, ectoparasite, endoparasite, semi-endoparasite or sedentary. They cause substantial problems to major crops throughout the world, including vegetables, fruits, and grain crops. The root knot and cyst nematodes are economically important pests in numerous crops. Crop damage from nematodes is not readily apparent in most cases, and it often remains hidden by the many other factors limiting plant growth. In the past, the control of the nematodes has been based on the synthetic nematicides, the number of which has been drastically restricted in the EU because of their environmental side effects and subsequent restriction in European Union (EU) rules and regulations. Many other methods like cultural control, biological control, use of biotechnological tools and methods, use of resistant cultivars are tested and proven successful in controlling different species of nematodes all over the world. Alternatively, combinations of the different methods are proven to be highly effective both economically and environmentally.

scholarly journals ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) Transporter Genes in Plant-Parasitic Nematodes: An Opinion for Development of Novel Control Strategy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rinu Kooliyottil ◽  
Koushik Rao Gadhachanda ◽  
Nejra Solo ◽  
Louise-Marie Dandurand
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic ◽  
Detoxification Pathways

The molecular interaction between the nematode and the host plant cells is complex and sophisticated. Initial contact with the plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) triggers immune response in the host plant system which includes the release of toxic molecules. To put a bridle on this immune response, PPNs trigger pivotal cytoprotective mechanisms, such as antioxidant and detoxification pathways. Mechanisms of these pathways have been studied in PPNs and the specific genes involved have been targeted for gene silencing research in view of developing novel control measures. However, one of the important group of proteins involved in detoxification pathways known as ABC-transporters are not being studied until recently in PPNs. This opinion article focusses on the current knowledge and future prospects of ABC transporters in PPNs.

A multi-pronged approach for the management of plant parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa.

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Sheila Storey ◽  
Hans Hugo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, distribution, host range, and recommended integrated management of plant parasitic nematodes in vineyards in South Africa. Future research requirements into the use of novel control measures which include biocontrol, novel biology and soil health are also mentioned.

The shifting sands of banana nematode communities under mixed cropping conditions.

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Danny Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Mixed Cropping ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter discusses the economic importance, geographical distribution, host range, damage symptoms, biology and life cycle, interactions with other nematodes and pathogens, recommended integrated management, and management optimization of plant parasitic nematodes infesting bananas. Future research requirements and future developments are also mentioned.

Impact of plant parasitic nematodes on maize in mid-western USA: an unrecognized or ignored threat to production.

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Abasola C. M. Simon ◽  
Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
Terry L. Niblack
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Western Usa ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
The Future ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter focuses on the economic importance, host range, damage symptoms and interactions with other nematodes and pathogens of plant parasitic nematodes on maize in the mid-western USA. The efficacy of some recommended integrated nematode management (INM) strategies are discussed and future research requirements and problems of the future are pointed out.

Cumulative damage impact of plant parasitic nematodes in smallholder maize cropping systems in East Africa.

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
John W. Kimenju ◽  
Philip K. Wendot ◽  
Andrew K. Thuo
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cumulative Damage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Management ◽  
Damage Impact ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Abstract This chapter focuses on the economic importance, damage symptoms, cumulative damage impact and some recommended integrated nematode management programmes of plant parasitic nematodes in smallholder maize cropping systems in East Africa. Information on the various improvements in the current nematode management methods and recommendations for future research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Functions of Flavonoids in Plant–Nematode Interactions

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Chin ◽  
Carolyn Behm ◽  
Ulrike Mathesius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Feeding Site ◽  
Plant Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Most land plants can become infected by plant parasitic nematodes in the field. Plant parasitic nematodes can be free-living or endoparasitic, and they usually infect plant roots. Most damaging are endoparasites, which form feeding sites inside plant roots that damage the root system and redirect nutrients towards the parasite. This process involves developmental changes to the root in parallel with the induction of defense responses. Plant flavonoids are secondary metabolites that have roles in both root development and plant defense responses against a range of microorganisms. Here, we review our current knowledge of the roles of flavonoids in the interactions between plants and plant parasitic nematodes. Flavonoids are induced during nematode infection in plant roots, and more highly so in resistant compared with susceptible plant cultivars, but many of their functions remain unclear. Flavonoids have been shown to alter feeding site development to some extent, but so far have not been found to be essential for root–parasite interactions. However, they likely contribute to chemotactic attraction or repulsion of nematodes towards or away from roots and might help in the general plant defense against nematodes. Certain flavonoids have also been associated with functions in nematode reproduction, although the mechanism remains unknown. Much remains to be examined in this area, especially under field conditions.

scholarly journals Composted Municipal Green Waste Infused with Biocontrol Agents to Control Plant Parasitic Nematodes—A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 2130
Author(s):  
Franciska Tóthné Bogdányi ◽  
Krisztina Boziné Pullai ◽  
Pratik Doshi ◽  
Eszter Erdős ◽  
Lilla Diána Gilián ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Plant ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Green Waste ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
Plant Parasitic

The last few years have witnessed the emergence of alternative measures to control plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). We briefly reviewed the potential of compost and the direct or indirect roles of soil-dwelling organisms against PPNs. We compiled and assessed the most intensively researched factors of suppressivity. Municipal green waste (MGW) was identified and profiled. We found that compost, with or without beneficial microorganisms as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against PPNs, were shown to have mechanisms for the control of plant parasitic nematodes. Compost supports a diverse microbiome, introduces and enhances populations of antagonistic microorganisms, releases nematicidal compounds, increases the tolerance and resistance of plants, and encourages the establishment of a “soil environment” that is unsuitable for PPNs. Our compilation of recent papers reveals that while the scope of research on compost and BCAs is extensive, the role of MGW-based compost (MGWC) in the control of PPNs has been given less attention. We conclude that the most environmentally friendly and long-term, sustainable form of PPN control is to encourage and enhance the soil microbiome. MGW is a valuable resource material produced in significant amounts worldwide. More studies are suggested on the use of MGWC, because it has a considerable potential to create and maintain soil suppressivity against PPNs. To expand knowledge, future research directions shall include trials investigating MGWC, inoculated with BCAs.

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