Morphological and molecular characterisation of one new and several known species of the reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus Linford & Oliveira, 1940 (Hoplolaimidae: Rotylenchulinae), and a phylogeny of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van Den Berg ◽  
Juan E. Palomares-Rius ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Pablo Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Rapid Diagnostics ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Reniform Nematodes ◽  
A New Species

The reniform nematodes of the genusRotylenchulusare semi-endoparasites of numerous herbaceous and woody plant roots and are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of six out of ten presently known valid species ofRotylenchulus:R. clavicaudatus,R. leptus,R. macrodoratus,R. macrosoma,R. reniformisandR. saccharifrom South Africa, USA, Italy and Spain.Rotylenchulus parvuswas only studied morphologically. A new species,R. macrosomoidessp. n., isolated from soil and roots of sugarcane in South Africa, is described. The phylogeny ofRotylenchulus, as inferred from the analyses of D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA,coxImtDNA andhsp90gene sequences, is presented. The study revealed thatR. reniformisandR. macrosomahave a sister relationship, but that relationships between otherRotylenchulusspecies remain unresolved. The phylogenetic analysis also confirmed the hypothesis that this genus originated from the Afrotropical zoogeographical region. Our study revealed thatR. reniformisandR. macrosomoidessp. n. have two distinct rRNA gene types andR. macrosomahave three rRNA gene types in their genomes. PCR with species-specific primers was developed for rapid diagnostics ofR. reniformis.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of some Hemicriconemoides species (Nematoda: Criconematidae) together with a phylogeny of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Renato N. Inserra ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Species Specific

Sheathoid nematodes of the genusHemicriconemoidesare migratory root-ectoparasites of many plants including various agricultural crops and fruit trees. They are generally found inhabiting warm areas of the world and presently consist of 52 valid species. In this study we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of 12 species of this genusviz.:H. alexis,H. brachyurus,H. californianus,H. chitwoodi,H. macrodorus,H. minutus,H. ortonwilliamsi,H. promissus,H. silvaticus,H. strictathecatus,H. wessoniandHemicriconemoidessp. originating from China, Greece, Japan, Myanmar, Spain, South Africa and the USA. Morphological descriptions, measurements, light and scanning electron microscopic observations and drawings are given for several species. Phylogenetic relationships withinHemicriconemoides, as inferred from the analyses of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and ITS-rRNA gene sequences, resulted in trees with three major clades that corresponded with species groupings based on morphology of the lip pattern and vulval flap. PCR with species-specific primers were developed forH. californianus,H. chitwoodiandH. strictathecatus.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Criconemoides brevistylus Singh & Khera, 1976 and C. obtusicaudatus Heyns, 1962 from South Africa (Nematoda: Criconematidae) with first description of a male C. obtusicaudatus and proposal of new synonyms

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 961-976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
Maize Field ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
First Time

During recent collections in South Africa, two species of Criconemoides were found. Criconemoides brevistylus is described and illustrated from a golf course in KwaZulu-Natal Province. It is compared with several closely related species, and three previously described species (C. helicus, C. onostris and C. paronostris) are regarded as junior synonyms of C. brevistylus. Criconemoides obtusicaudatus is described and illustrated from a maize field in Limpopo Province. The male of the species is described for the first time. Molecular characterisation of C. brevistylus and C. obtusicaudatus using the D2-D3 expansions segments of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences are provided. Phylogenetic relationships of these species with other Criconemoides are discussed.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Hemicycliophora lutosa Loof & Heyns, 1969 and H. typica de Man, 1921 from South Africa (Nematoda: Hemicycliophoridae)

Nematology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther van den Berg ◽  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
De Man ◽  
First Time

AbstractTwo Hemicycliophora species, H. lutosa and H. typica, found in samples from fallow soil and sugarcane soil in South Africa, were studied morphologically and, for the first time, molecularly. Diagnostic PCR-IT-rRNA-RFLP profiles generated by five restriction enzymes are provided. Study of phylogenetic relationships using D2-D3 expansion segment of 28S rRNA gene sequences revealed that H. lutosa was related to H. poranga. Hemicycliophora lutosa and H. poranga are compared morphologically. SEM photographs are given for H. typica and for H. lutosa for the first time. The male of H. typica represents a first report for South Africa.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of several Paratylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 (Tylenchida: Paratylenchidae) species from South Africa and USA, together with some taxonomic notes

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
Louwrens R. Tiedt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Its Rrna Gene ◽  
Its Rrna

Pin nematodes of the genus Paratylenchus are widely distributed across the world and associated with many plant species. Morphological identification of Paratylenchus species is a difficult task because it relies on many characters with a wide range of intraspecific variation. In this study we provide morphological and molecular characterisation of several pin nematodes: Paratylenchus aquaticus, P. dianthus, P. hamatus, P. nanus and P. straeleni, collected in different states of the USA and South Africa. Paratylenchus aquaticus is reported from South Africa and Hawaii and P. nanus is found from South Africa for the first time. Morphological descriptions, morphometrics, light and scanning electron microscopic photos and drawings are given for these species. Molecular characterisation of nematodes using the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequence revealed that samples morphologically identified as P. aquaticus, P. hamatus and P. nanus indeed represent species complexes containing several species. Sequences of the rRNA genes are also provided for several unidentified Paratylenchus. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Paratylenchus are given as inferred from the analyses of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences. We present here the most complete phylogenetic analysis of the genus.

Morphological and molecular characterisation of Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus (Steiner, 1914) Golden, 1956 and related species (Tylenchida: Hoplolaimidae) with a phylogeny of the genus

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Nicola Vovlas ◽  
Gregor W. Yeates ◽  
Johannes Hallmann ◽  
Sebastian Kiewnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Its Rrna Gene

Morphological identification of spiral nematodes of the genus Helicotylenchus is a difficult task because most characters used for their diagnosis vary within species. In this paper we provide morphological and molecular characterisations of several spiral nematodes, H. broadbalkiensis, H. digonicus, H. dihystera, H. microlobus, H. paxilli and H. pseudorobustus, collected in different geographical areas of USA, Switzerland, Italy, New Zealand, Spain, UK, South Korea and Russia. We suggest that H. microlobus and H. pseudorobustus are valid species separated from each other morphologically and molecularly. Seven species with distinct molecular characteristics are also distinguished, but are not ascribed morphologically to any specific taxon because of the low number of specimens available. Phylogenetic relationships of H. pseudorobustus with other Helicotylenchus species are given as inferred from the analyses of 154 sequences of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene and 37 sequences of ITS rRNA gene.

Description of Tylenchulus musicola sp. n. (Nematoda: Tylenchulidae) from banana in Iran with molecular phylogeny and characterisation of species of Tylenchulus Cobb, 1913

Nematology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tanha Maafi ◽  
Majid Amani ◽  
Jason D. Stanley ◽  
Renato N. Inserra ◽  
Esther Van den Berg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Diagnostic Pcr ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
A New Species

During a survey conducted on banana plantations in Sistan and Blouchestan province, south-east Iran, a new species of Tylenchulus was extracted from the soil and roots of banana plants. This species, named Tylenchulus musicola sp. n., is characterised by mature females having a swollen, hook-shaped body with a conical and elongate post-vulval portion ending in a round terminus, males having a weak stylet and a cylindrical and thick tail ending in a bluntly rounded and smooth terminus, and by second-stage juveniles having a slender body and a posterior body portion ending in a finely pointed or mucronate terminus. The results of glasshouse host tests indicated that the new species does not parasitise sugarcane ratoons or sour orange seedlings. Tylenchulus musicola sp. n. is distinguished from other known Tylenchulus species by the sequences of D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA and ITS rRNA genes. Phylogenetic relationships within Tylenchulus were reconstructed based on rRNA gene sequences using Bayesian inference. Diagnostic PCR-ITS-RFLP profiles are presented for T. musicola sp. n., T. furcus, T. graminis, T. palustris, T. semipenetrans and Trophotylenchulus floridensis. PCR with species-specific primers and genus-specific primer are tested and developed for rapid identification of five Tylenchulus species. An identification key to Tylenchulus species is provided.

Molecular characterisation and phylogenetic relationships of sedentary nematodes of the genus Meloinema Choi & Geraert, 1974 (Nematoda: Tylenchida)

Nematology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Subbotin ◽  
Donggeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
The Family ◽  
18S Rrna Genes ◽  
Relationship Of

Summary Molecular characterisation of two species of Meloinema: M. chitwoodi from Oregon, USA, and M. odesanens from South Korea, is given based on the partial 18S rRNA, the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and COI gene sequences. In the phylogenetic trees, Meloinema clustered with Meloidogyne, in a basal position and more closely with Meloidogyne indica and M. nataliei. The Shimodaira-Hasegawa (SH) maximum likelihood testing of an alternative topology with two gene fragments (D2-D3 of 28S rRNA and 18S rRNA genes) did not reject a sister relationship of Meloidogyne and Meloinema. Molecular results confirmed the view of Siddiqi (2000) that Meloidogyne and Meloinema evolved from a Pratylenchidae-type ancestor. The clade Meloinema + Meloidogyne + Nacobbus was rejected by the SH test of the D2-D3 of 28S rRNA gene sequence dataset. The molecular results suggested that the genus Nacobbus should be placed not in the Meloidogynidae, but in a separate subfamily, the Nacobbinae, under the family Pratylenchidae.

Description of a new species of Auriculostoma (Digenea: Allocreadiidae) from Characidium heirmostigmata (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from Argentina, using morphological and molecular data

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Montes ◽  
J. Barneche ◽  
Y. Croci ◽  
D. Balcazar ◽  
A. Almirón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Abstract During a parasitological survey of fishes at Iguazu National Park, Argentina, specimens belonging to the allocreadiid genus Auriculostoma were collected from the intestine of Characidium heirmostigmata. The erection of the new species is based on a unique combination of morphological traits as well as on phylogenetic analysis. Auriculostoma guacurarii n. sp. resembles four congeneric species – Auriculostoma diagonale, Auriculostoma platense, Auriculostoma tica and Auriculostoma totonacapanensis – in having smooth and oblique testes, but can be distinguished by a combination of several morphological features, hosts association and geographic distribution. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from both A. diagonale and A. platense by the egg size (bigger in the first and smaller in the last); from A. tica by a shorter body length, the genital pore position and the extension of the caeca; and from A. totonacapanensis by the size of the oral and ventral sucker and the post-testicular space. Additionally, one specimen of Auriculostoma cf. stenopteri from the characid Charax stenopterus (Characiformes) from La Plata River, Argentina, was sampled and the partial 28S rRNA gene was sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that A. guacurarii n. sp. clustered with A. tica and these two as sister taxa to A. cf. stenopteri. The new species described herein is the tenth species in the genus and the first one parasitizing a member of the family Crenuchidae.

There are three species of Chrysaora (Scyphozoa: Discomedusae) in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem, not two

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4778 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-438
Author(s):  
V. RAS ◽  
S. NEETHLING ◽  
A. ENGELBRECHT ◽  
A.C. MORANDINI ◽  
K.M. BAYHA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Gulf Of Guinea ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Dna Evidence ◽  
South West ◽  
Benguela Upwelling ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Meristic Data

Chrysaora (Pèron & Lesueur 1810) is the most diverse genus within Discomedusae, and 15 valid species are currently recognised, with many others not formally described. Since Chrysaora fulgida (Reynaud 1830) was first recognised as occurring off the south west (SW) coast off South Africa, the species has been variously synonymised with Chrysaora hysoscella (Linnaeus 1767) and Chrysaora africana (Vanhöffen 1902). Using DNA evidence alongside multivariate tools to analyse quantitative morphometric and meristic data, as well as information from the cnidome, we unambiguously separate C. fulgida from C. hysoscella; we resurrect C. africana as a valid species and recognise a new species, Chrysaora agulhensis sp. nov. Full descriptions of C. fulgida, C. africana and C. agulhensis sp. nov. are provided. The species have different geographical patterns of distribution around the region, with restricted areas of overlap: C. agulhensis sp. nov. is found along the southern coast of South Africa and over the Agulhas Bank, C. fulgida extends from Cape Point in South Africa to southern Angola, and C. africana can be found from southern Namibia northwards to the Gulf of Guinea. The species can be readily separated in the field by a combination of tentacle/lappet number and shape, colour patterns and the form of the oral arms. 

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