Morphological characters of dauer juveniles of three species of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Mitsuteru Akiba ◽  
Suguru E. Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Ide
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Tail Tip

The morphological characteristics of dauer juveniles were examined forBursaphelenchusxylophilus,B. firmaeandB. mucronatus kolymensis. Dauer juveniles ofB. xylophilusandB. firmaewere collected directly from their carrier insects,Monochamus alternatusandM. grandis, respectively.Bursaphelenchs m. kolymensisdauer juveniles were induced experimentally usingM. alternatuspupae. The dauer juveniles of these three species were distinguished according to their respective body shapes.Bursaphelenchus xylophiluswas relatively slender compared to the other species. The position of the excretory pore was anterior to the median bulb inB. firmae, overlapping with the median bulb inB. xylophilus, and posterior to, or overlapping with, the posterior part of the median bulb inB. m. kolymensis. The tail tip ofB. firmaewas conical, that ofB. xylophiluscontained a short projection, while inB. m. kolymensisthe tail tip was blunt with a thick mucron.

Setal variability of Hydrozetes lemnae and H. thienemanni (Acari: Oribatida: Hydrozetidae)

Biologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Seniczak ◽  
Stanisław Seniczak
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Part ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Juvenile Stages

AbstractSetal variability and the other morphological characters of juvenile stages and adult of Hydrozetes lemnae (Coggi, 1897) and H. thienemanni Strenzke, 1943 were investigated. In the juveniles of both species the length and shape of some setae vary, especially in the gastronotic region, more so in H. lemnae, which is parthenogenetic and reproduces by thelytoky, than in H. thienemanni, which is dioecious. The former species usually has more thick setae in the anterior and medial regions of the gastronotum, especially in the larva, compared to the latter. In the juveniles of H. lemnae the prodorsal setae le and in are longer, and in the nymphs the gastronotal setae of the l-series are usually longer than in H. thienemanni. These species differ distinctly by the number of long setae in the posterior part of the nymphs; in H. lemnae three pairs of long setae occur, while in H. thienemanni only two pairs; the respective juvenile stages of H. lemnae are also smaller than those of H. thienemanni. In the adults the number of c-series setae varies, as seta c 1 is lost, and in some individuals also seta c 3, and only seta c 2 remains.

scholarly journals Arceuthobium tsugense (Viscaceae): four subspecies with contrasting morphologies and host distributions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-390
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mathiasen ◽  
Shawn C. Kenaley
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

There have been four subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense: Viscaceae) described by various investigators of this complex group of parasitic flowering plants: subsp. tsugense, subsp. amabilae, subsp. contortae, and subsp. mertensianae. As suggested by their subspecific epithets, these taxa differ in their host affinities; parasitizing different and the same hosts to varying degrees. Although these taxa also have morphological differences, their classifica-tion has been under debate for many years. Therefore, we compared the morphological characteristics of each subspecies using both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses in order to better assess their differences. Because some investigators have grouped hemlock dwarf mistletoe with western dwarf mistletoe (A. campylopodum), we also compared the subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe with western dwarf mistletoe. Our morphometric analyses demonstrated that all of the subspecies are morphologically distinct from western dwarf mistletoe and that subsp. contortae is the most morphologically differentiated of the subspecies. Overlap in the morphological characters across two of the other three subspecies was evident; yet, subsp. amabilae and subsp. mertensianae were also consistently delimited using female and male plant morphologies. Statistical comparisons of female or male plants via standard and stepwise discriminant function analyses demonstrated that without consideration of host plant, female and male A. tsugense subsp. tsugense are morphologically similar to corresponding plants of subsp. amabilae and mertensianae but not subsp. contortae or A. campylopodum.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morphological Attributes of Sago Palm Accessions of Aimas, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Veronica Fathnoer ◽  
Mochamad Hasjim Bintoro ◽  
Iskandar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
West Papua

Sago palm has the highest starch content compared to the other source of carbohydrate crops such as cereal and tuberous crops. Sago palm can produce about 200-400 kg per trunk after 7 to 10 years. This research aimed to characterize several sago palm accessions in Aimas, Sorong District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Eight sago palm accessions were studied, Waruwo, Wasulagi, Wasenan, Wayuluk, Wagelik, Wanegles, Wawun and Wafabala. Among these accessions, there were many diff erences based on trunk morphological characteristics which includes trunk height, diameter, circumference, and bark thickness, leaf number, length of rachis, length of petiole, and spine. Five accessions with potential yield of more than 200 kg dry starch per sago trunk are Waruwo, Wasulagi, Wasenan, Wayuluk and Wagelik. Stem morphological characters aff ect palm sago production, because the starch is located in the pith of the stem.

Factors affecting the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) carried by several species of beetles

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Kazuyoshi Futai
Keyword(s):  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pine Wilt ◽  
Blue Stain Fungi ◽  
Pinewood Nematodes ◽  
Blue Stain

AbstractNumerous pinewood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) aggregated around pupal chambers of Monochamus alternatus in pine wilt-killed trees and the beetle carried many nematodes. However, few nematodes aggregated around pupal chambers of the other beetles, i.e., Acanthocinus griseus, Pissodes obscurus and Trogossita japonica, and these beetles carried few or no nematodes. The higher percentage of M. alternatus pupal chambers with intense blue-stain of wood would cause more nematodes to aggregate around such chambers, as blue-stain fungi are suitable for B. xylophilus propagation.

Schistonchus molochi sp. n. and S. athertonensis sp. n. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Ficus watkinsiana (Moraceae) in Australia

Nematology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerrie A. Davies ◽  
Faerlie Bartholomaeus ◽  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Robin M. Giblin-Davis
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
South Wales ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pore Opening ◽  
Tail Tip

Ficus watkinsiana (sub-genus Urostigma, Section Stilpnophyllum) is endemic to Australia, growing in two disjunct populations, one in north-eastern Queensland and the other in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales. Schistonchus molochi sp. n. is described from F. watkinsiana in Queensland, Australia, and differentiated from other species of Schistonchus by a combination of morphological characters including having the excretory pore opening near the nerve ring, a broad head, a large, strongly sclerotised, stylet, a distinct lip sector disc with raised edges, a long post-uterine sac, rose-thorn-shaped spicule, no gubernaculum, three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one pair pre-cloacal on the anterior lip, one pair adcloacal on the posterior lip, and one slightly posterior to mid-tail) and bluntly rounded tail tip, and apparent biogeographical range. Presence of the lip sector disc suggests that it is closest to S. macrophylla. Schistonchus athertonensis sp. n. is also described from F. watkinsiana in Queensland and is characterised by a combination of morphological characters, including having the excretory pore opening near the nerve ring, a medium length post-uterine sac, presence of vulval flap in some specimens, rose-thorn-shaped spicule, no gubernaculum, and three pairs of subventral papillae on the tail (one pair adcloacal on the posterior lip, one at three to four-fifths of the tail length and one near the tip), a narrowly rounded tail tip, and apparent biogeographical range. Morphospecies 8, originally collected from F. obliqua, was also collected from F. watkinsiana in Queensland, and S. altermacrophylla was found with it in South Australia. These collections are further evidence of host-switching within Schistonchus.

Convergence of molecular and morphological data reveals phylogenetic information on Tetranychus species and allows the restoration of the genus Amphitetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Navajas ◽  
J. Gutierrez ◽  
T. Gotoh
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Tetranychus Viennensis

AbstractNucleotide sequence variation and morphological characters were used to study the evolutionary relationships among nine tetranychid mites species. A phylogenetic study of this family based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences had previously placed the species Tetranychus viennensis Zacher outside the other species analysed in the genus. Phylogenetic relations within the genus were re-examined with the addition of the species Tetranychus quercivorus Ehara & Gotoh, which is morphologically close to T. viennensis. Another region of the genome, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA, was also studied and proved to be of considerable interest at this taxonomic level. Both COI and ITS2 sequences indicated a close relationship between T. viennensis and T. quercivorus, which are grouped together and distinct from the other Tetranychus examined. The two species display morphological characteristics such as the absence of a medio-dorsal spur on all empodia of the legs of both sexes and the presence of anastomosing peritremes. This distinguishes them from the other members of the genus Tetranychus. The convergence of molecular and morphological data suggests that T. viennensis and T. quercivorus should not be classified in the genus Tetranychus. It is proposed that the genus Amphitetranychus Oudemans should be restored for classification of these species. Finally, a key to the Tetranychini tribe genera with one pair of para-anal setae is presented.

NOTES ON SOME GRASSES: X. SOME THOUGHTS ON FESTUCEAE, FESTUCINAE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR MORPHOLOGY

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuguo Tateoka
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Tribe

The flowers and caryopses of Festuceae, Festucinae (sensu Pilger, 1954) have been morphologically studied. All the genera, which show non-festucoid features in respect to non-morphological characters, are also different from true Festuceae, Festucinae in such details of their morphology as lodicules, pistils, and caryopses. On the other hand, the festucoid genera are very closely related to one another as regards these organs. The systematic positions of the genera showing non-festucoid traits in non-morphological characters are being considered in connection with their characteristics of flowers and caryopses. The results clearly indicate that the conventional treatment of morphological characteristics, in which stress is laid on some macroscopic characters, such as inflorescences or the appearance of lemmas, is quite inadequate, and that great attention should be paid to the features of flowers and caryopses, as well as spikelets and other morphological characters. A new tribe Brylkinieae is proposed.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships of the South American Doradoidea (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
José L. O. Birindelli
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
South American ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
The South ◽  
Large Size

A phylogenetic analysis based on 311 morphological characters is presented for most species of the Doradidae, all genera of the Auchenipteridae, and representatives of 16 other catfish families. The hypothesis that was derived from the six most parsimonious trees support the monophyly of the South American Doradoidea (Doradidae plus Auchenipteridae), as well as the monophyly of the clade Doradoidea plus the African Mochokidae. In addition, the clade with Sisoroidea plus Aspredinidae was considered sister to Doradoidea plus Mochokidae. Within the Auchenipteridae, the results support the monophyly of the Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. The latter is composed of Tocantinsia, and four monophyletic units, two small with Asterophysusand Liosomadoras, and Pseudotatiaand Pseudauchenipterus, respectively, and two large ones with the remaining genera. Within the Doradidae, parsimony analysis recovered Wertheimeriaas sister to Kalyptodoras, composing a clade sister to all remaining doradids, which include Franciscodorasand two monophyletic groups: Astrodoradinae (plus Acanthodorasand Agamyxis) and Doradinae (new arrangement). Wertheimerinae, new subfamily, is described for Kalyptodoras and Wertheimeria. Doradinae is corroborated as monophyletic and composed of four groups, one including Centrochirand Platydoras, the other with the large-size species of doradids (except Oxydoras), another with Orinocodoras, Rhinodoras, and Rhynchodoras, and another with Oxydorasplus all the fimbriate-barbel doradids. Based on the results, the species of Opsodoras are included in Hemidoras; and Tenellus, new genus, is described to include Nemadoras trimaculatus, N. leporhinusand Nemadoras ternetzi. Due to conflicting hypotheses of the phylogenetic position of Acanthodoras, Agamyxis, and Franciscodoras, these are considered as incertae sedisin Doradidae. All suprageneric taxa of the Doradoidea are diagnosed based on synapomorphic morphological characteristics.

RHYNCHOLITES AND THE PROBLEM OF NARROW AND BROAD CONCEPTION OF TAXONS

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. R. Khuzina ◽  
V. N. Komarov
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Broad Understanding

The paper considers a point of view, based on the conception of the broad understanding of taxons. According to this point of view, rhyncholites of the subgenus Dentatobeccus and Microbeccus are accepted to be synonymous with the genus Rhynchoteuthis, and subgenus Romanovichella is considered to be synonymous with the genus Palaeoteuthis. The criteria, exercising influence on the different approaches to the classification of rhyncholites, have been analyzed (such as age and individual variability, sexual dimorphism, pathological and teratological features, degree of disintegration of material), underestimation of which can lead to inaccuracy. Divestment of the subgenuses Dentatobeccus, Microbeccus and Romanovichella, possessing very bright morphological characteristics, to have an independent status and denomination to their synonyms, has been noted to be unjustified. An artificial system (any suggested variant) with all its minuses is a single probable system for rhyncholites. The main criteria, minimizing its negative sides and proving the separation of the new taxon, is an available mass-scale material. The narrow understanding of the genus, used in sensible limits, has been underlined to simplify the problem of the passing the view about the genus to the other investigators and recognition of rhyncholites for the practical tasks.

Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Row Width ◽  
The Difference

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

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