scholarly journals Arceuthobium tsugense (Viscaceae): four subspecies with contrasting morphologies and host distributions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-390
Author(s):  
Robert L. Mathiasen ◽  
Shawn C. Kenaley
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Discriminant Function Analyses

There have been four subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium tsugense: Viscaceae) described by various investigators of this complex group of parasitic flowering plants: subsp. tsugense, subsp. amabilae, subsp. contortae, and subsp. mertensianae. As suggested by their subspecific epithets, these taxa differ in their host affinities; parasitizing different and the same hosts to varying degrees. Although these taxa also have morphological differences, their classifica-tion has been under debate for many years. Therefore, we compared the morphological characteristics of each subspecies using both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses in order to better assess their differences. Because some investigators have grouped hemlock dwarf mistletoe with western dwarf mistletoe (A. campylopodum), we also compared the subspecies of hemlock dwarf mistletoe with western dwarf mistletoe. Our morphometric analyses demonstrated that all of the subspecies are morphologically distinct from western dwarf mistletoe and that subsp. contortae is the most morphologically differentiated of the subspecies. Overlap in the morphological characters across two of the other three subspecies was evident; yet, subsp. amabilae and subsp. mertensianae were also consistently delimited using female and male plant morphologies. Statistical comparisons of female or male plants via standard and stepwise discriminant function analyses demonstrated that without consideration of host plant, female and male A. tsugense subsp. tsugense are morphologically similar to corresponding plants of subsp. amabilae and mertensianae but not subsp. contortae or A. campylopodum.

scholarly journals Seed biometric parameters in oil palm accessions from a Brazilian germplasm bank

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 604-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julcéia Camillo ◽  
Valentine Carpes Braga ◽  
Jean Kleber de Abreu Mattos ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira da Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Germplasm Bank ◽  
Region Of Origin ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Seed Characteristics

The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphological diversity of oil palm seeds and to cluster the accessions according to their morphological characteristics. Forty-one accessions from the oil palm germplasm bank of Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental were evaluated - 18 of Elaeis oleifera and 23 of E. guineensis. The groups were formed based on morphological characteristics, by principal component analysis. In E. oleifera, four groups were formed, tied to their region of origin, but with significant morphological differences between accessions from the same population. For tenera-type E. guineensis seeds, three widely divergent groups were formed, especially as to external parameters, which differentiated them from the other ones. The parameter endocarp thickness stood out in intra- and inter-population differentiation. For dura-type E. guineensis, three groups were formed, with larger seeds and thicker endocarps, which differed from all the other ones. The variability observed for seed characteristics in the analyzed accessions allows the establishment of different groups, to define strategies for genetic improvement.

Exploring the dorsal surface of hominoid brain endocasts by stereoplotter and discriminant analysis

1981 ◽  
Vol 292 (1057) ◽  
pp. 155-166 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Polar Coordinate System ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Pilot Studies ◽  
Polar Coordinate ◽  
Specific Shape ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
Cortical Regions

One of the more vexing problems with hominoid endocasts has been to secure reliable information that goes beyond their volumes. One method is explored here, where a large number ( N = 171) of radial distances from a homologous internal central point to the dorsal endocast surface are measured in a polar coordinate system. From two pilot studies, one with a hominoid sample of N = 64, and the other with an enlarged sample of N = 92, the following results can be mentioned tentatively: (1) there are residual data that differ taxonomically in different cortical regions once overall endocast size is corrected in allometric fashion; (2) the major cortical regions where these differences appear most strongly are in the lower parietal lobule, anterior occipital zone, and the dorsoanterior region of the frontal lobe; (3) the method shows excellent promise in objectively and quantitatively depicting taxa-specific shape differences in functionally understood cortical regions through multivariate statistical analyses.

Morphological characters of dauer juveniles of three species of Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937

Nematology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Noritoshi Maehara ◽  
Mitsuteru Akiba ◽  
Suguru E. Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuya Ide
Keyword(s):  
Excretory Pore ◽  
Posterior Part ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bursaphelenchus Xylophilus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monochamus Alternatus ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Tail Tip

The morphological characteristics of dauer juveniles were examined forBursaphelenchusxylophilus,B. firmaeandB. mucronatus kolymensis. Dauer juveniles ofB. xylophilusandB. firmaewere collected directly from their carrier insects,Monochamus alternatusandM. grandis, respectively.Bursaphelenchs m. kolymensisdauer juveniles were induced experimentally usingM. alternatuspupae. The dauer juveniles of these three species were distinguished according to their respective body shapes.Bursaphelenchus xylophiluswas relatively slender compared to the other species. The position of the excretory pore was anterior to the median bulb inB. firmae, overlapping with the median bulb inB. xylophilus, and posterior to, or overlapping with, the posterior part of the median bulb inB. m. kolymensis. The tail tip ofB. firmaewas conical, that ofB. xylophiluscontained a short projection, while inB. m. kolymensisthe tail tip was blunt with a thick mucron.

scholarly journals Variations and Phenetic Analysis of Peanut Cultivars (Arachis hypogaea L.) Based on Morphological Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Purnomo Purnomo ◽  
Nurul Khotimah
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a food commodity that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. At present there has been no analysis of the relationship between peanut cultivars with phenetic methods based on the morphological properties of the plants. Four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. Tuban, Talam 1, Talam 2, and Talam 3 used in this research. Morphological characters data was analyzed by description to construct identification key. Similarity index was counted by Simple Matching Coefficient (SSm) formula based on morphological scoring. Cluster analysis was conducted by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Methods using Arithmetic Averages) method to construct dendrogram. PCA (Principal Component Analysis) were performed to defined role of each morphological character in grouping of accessions with MVSP (Multivariate Statistical Program) v. 3.1 software.  The dendrogram showed that four cultivars of Arachis hypogaea L. divided into two main clusters, 4 sub-clusters. The similarity index of clusters is 0.85%.

Taxonomic validity of Mesoclemmys heliostemma (McCord, Joseph-Ouni & Lamar, 2001) (Testudines, Chelidae) inferred from morphological analysis

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3575 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLAVIO B. MOLINA ◽  
FABIO A. MACHADO ◽  
HUSSAM ZAHER
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analyses ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Northern Brazil

Mesoclemmys heliostemma (Testudines: Chelidae) was described based on five vouchered specimens and nine live spec-imens from the western Amazon basin. Some authors questioned its status as a valid species, suggesting that it representsa junior synonym of M. raniceps. Here, we report on eight additional specimens from eastern Peru and northern Brazil,and provide descriptive statistics of morphological characters for hatchlings, juveniles, and adults of M. heliostemma, M.raniceps, and M. gibba. We also test for group differences through univariate and multivariate statistical analyses, anddiscuss some advantages of this methodology. Our data suggest that all three taxa are morphologically divergent, and that M. heliostemma is a valid species.

Molecular taxonomic clarification of Ptilotus exaltatus and Ptilotus nobilis (Amaranthaceae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok K. Lee ◽  
Dion K. Harrison ◽  
Margaret E. Johnston ◽  
Richard R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Nuclear Rdna ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Morphological Taxonomy ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Respective Species

A complete botanical key for the genus Ptilotus R.Brown (family Amarathaceae) has not yet been published. Identifying the 100 or more Ptilotus species using morphological characters has been difficult because plants often exhibit slight morphological differences and intermediate characteristics common to several species, subspecies, varieties and forms. Ptilotus exaltatus Nees and P. nobilis (Lindl) F.Muell share many morphological characteristics, but are classified as different species predominantly based on inflorescence colour. The current study involved a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 14 Ptilotus species using sequence data from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions ITS 1 and ITS 2 within the 18S–26S nuclear rDNA. Of the 39 accessions analysed, all except those identified as P. exaltatus and P. nobilis clustered according to their respective species based on their morphological taxonomy. In contrast, all 18 P. exaltatus and P. nobilis accessions formed a distinct monophyletic clade with 99% bootstrap values and a low level of sequence variation (GD = 0.002). Taking into account the lack of reliable morphological characters for separating P. exaltatus and P. nobilis, together with the ITS sequence data showing little genetic divergence or genetic structure, we propose that P. exaltatus and P. nobilis are conspecific.

scholarly journals Assessment of Morphological Attributes of Sago Palm Accessions of Aimas, Sorong, West Papua, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Veronica Fathnoer ◽  
Mochamad Hasjim Bintoro ◽  
Iskandar Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Morphological Attributes ◽  
Sago Palm ◽  
West Papua

Sago palm has the highest starch content compared to the other source of carbohydrate crops such as cereal and tuberous crops. Sago palm can produce about 200-400 kg per trunk after 7 to 10 years. This research aimed to characterize several sago palm accessions in Aimas, Sorong District, West Papua Province, Indonesia. Eight sago palm accessions were studied, Waruwo, Wasulagi, Wasenan, Wayuluk, Wagelik, Wanegles, Wawun and Wafabala. Among these accessions, there were many diff erences based on trunk morphological characteristics which includes trunk height, diameter, circumference, and bark thickness, leaf number, length of rachis, length of petiole, and spine. Five accessions with potential yield of more than 200 kg dry starch per sago trunk are Waruwo, Wasulagi, Wasenan, Wayuluk and Wagelik. Stem morphological characters aff ect palm sago production, because the starch is located in the pith of the stem.

A new aphid genus Neoaulacorthum (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Macrosiphini), determined by molecular and morphometric analyses

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Lee ◽  
H. Kim ◽  
S. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
Congeneric Species ◽  
Morphometric Analyses

AbstractWe performed molecular and morphological analyses to determine the generic limit of the genus Aulacorthum, including several species with controversial taxonomic histories. The sequences of four mitochondrial genes, COI, COII, srRNA and lrRNA, and one nuclear gene, EF1a, implied that Aulacorthum is not monophyletic, with Aulacorthum magnoliae and Aulacorthum nipponicum forming a clade that is not sister to other currently recognized Aulacorthum species. Morphometric analysis based on 20 morphological characters also showed that A. magnoliae and A. nipponicum exhibited morphological characteristics distinct from congeneric species. Based on these results, we propose a new genus, Neoaulacorthum ge. n., for A. magnoliae and A. nipponicum.

Convergence of molecular and morphological data reveals phylogenetic information on Tetranychus species and allows the restoration of the genus Amphitetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Navajas ◽  
J. Gutierrez ◽  
T. Gotoh
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Study ◽  
Phylogenetic Relations ◽  
Nucleotide Sequence Variation ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Family Based ◽  
Tetranychus Viennensis

AbstractNucleotide sequence variation and morphological characters were used to study the evolutionary relationships among nine tetranychid mites species. A phylogenetic study of this family based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences had previously placed the species Tetranychus viennensis Zacher outside the other species analysed in the genus. Phylogenetic relations within the genus were re-examined with the addition of the species Tetranychus quercivorus Ehara & Gotoh, which is morphologically close to T. viennensis. Another region of the genome, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA, was also studied and proved to be of considerable interest at this taxonomic level. Both COI and ITS2 sequences indicated a close relationship between T. viennensis and T. quercivorus, which are grouped together and distinct from the other Tetranychus examined. The two species display morphological characteristics such as the absence of a medio-dorsal spur on all empodia of the legs of both sexes and the presence of anastomosing peritremes. This distinguishes them from the other members of the genus Tetranychus. The convergence of molecular and morphological data suggests that T. viennensis and T. quercivorus should not be classified in the genus Tetranychus. It is proposed that the genus Amphitetranychus Oudemans should be restored for classification of these species. Finally, a key to the Tetranychini tribe genera with one pair of para-anal setae is presented.

NOTES ON SOME GRASSES: X. SOME THOUGHTS ON FESTUCEAE, FESTUCINAE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR MORPHOLOGY

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 951-967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuguo Tateoka
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
New Tribe

The flowers and caryopses of Festuceae, Festucinae (sensu Pilger, 1954) have been morphologically studied. All the genera, which show non-festucoid features in respect to non-morphological characters, are also different from true Festuceae, Festucinae in such details of their morphology as lodicules, pistils, and caryopses. On the other hand, the festucoid genera are very closely related to one another as regards these organs. The systematic positions of the genera showing non-festucoid traits in non-morphological characters are being considered in connection with their characteristics of flowers and caryopses. The results clearly indicate that the conventional treatment of morphological characteristics, in which stress is laid on some macroscopic characters, such as inflorescences or the appearance of lemmas, is quite inadequate, and that great attention should be paid to the features of flowers and caryopses, as well as spikelets and other morphological characters. A new tribe Brylkinieae is proposed.

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