Industrialization of Seed Production: Implications for Agriculture in India

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 441-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambit Mallick ◽  
Haribabu Ejnavarzala ◽  
Bhoopathi Reddy B.
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Indian Agriculture ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Social Environmental

Abstract From the sociology of science perspective, this paper attempts to trace the shifts in the knowledge and its application in the context of seed production—the central input in agriculture. The paper argues that the seed production, which was once in the hands of farming communities, has become industrialized with the advent of hybrid seeds. The hybrid seed production, based on phenotypic knowledge of the plants, marks the first phase of the industrialization of seed and the genetically modified seed, based on genotypic knowledge of the plants, marks the beginning of another phase in the industrialization of seed production. This paper draws attention to controversies over genetically modified seed based on economic, social, environmental considerations. This paper also discusses the implications of these developments and the changes in the institutional arrangements that govern the production and use of the seed, as these developments have profound implications for Indian agriculture and agrarian relations.

THE EFFECT OF OVULE POSITION ON THE FREQUENCY OF HYBRID AND INBRED SEED IN FABA BEAN

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. DUC ◽  
G. G. ROWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Ovary Position ◽  
Ovule Position

The effect of ovule and ovary position on the frequency of hybrid seed production of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was measured at Dijon, France and Saskatoon, Canada. Even though there was far greater ovule fertilization frequency at Dijon (72%) than at Saskatoon (30%) the frequency of hybrid seed was significantly greater at Saskatoon (24%) than at Dijon (15%). Neither the position of the ovule within the ovary nor the position of the raceme on the stem had any effect on the production of hybrid seed. However, at both locations the highest position within a raceme produced a significantly greater proportion of hybrid seeds. It is proposed that under the effect of intra- or inter-plant stress, developing ovaries containing hybrid embryos may be selectively retained.Key words: Vicia faba, ovule fertilization, outcrossing, faba bean

scholarly journals Blend wheat AL-type hybrid and using SSRs to determine the purity of hybrid seeds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbin Nie ◽  
Dezhen Kong ◽  
Fenjuan Cui ◽  
Wei Sang ◽  
Peiyuan Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Purity Testing ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Seed Setting Rate ◽  
Simple Sequence

Heterosis is a promising approach to increase wheat yield from a limited planting area. In this study, a fine quality restorer line 99AR144-1 and three stable male sterile lines, AL18A, AL36A and AL20A, were assigned as male and female, respectively. Seeds of the wheat line 99AR144-1 and three male sterile lines were mixed according to different proportions and then planted at an experimental farm at the Xinjiang Academy of Agri-Reclamation Sciences from 2013 to 2016. When the mixed sowing ratios of combinations 2 (AL36A × 99AR144-1) and 3 (AL20A × 99AR144-1) were 6 to 8%, the seed production yields were higher than the control; the yield of hybrid seed production increased by 98.8 and 19.9%, respectively. This increase was attributed to a rise in the outcrossing seed setting rate. Further, this study used the Xbarc-8 SSR (simple sequence repeat) molecular marker to identify the purity of blend hybrid seeds and establish a regression equation for hybrid seed purity testing. The coefficient of the regression equation were 0.9878 and 0.9689 respectively, which shows that the purity of hybrids can be accurately predicted by using this equation. This method can quickly and accurately identify the seed purity in mixed seed production.

scholarly journals Inbred and hybrid seed production potentiality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) genotypes and their yield performance during summer

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Yesmin ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MN Uddin ◽  
S Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cross Combination ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

An investigation was made with a view to estimating inbred and hybrid seed production potentiality as well as fruit yield potentiality of 11 tomato genotypes and their hybrids during November 2009 to September 2010 at Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur. The highest number of fruits per plant was recorded from the genotype C41 (59.66). The highest fruit yield per plant (2.94 kg) was recorded from the genotype WP8 followed by that of C11 (2.93 kg). In respect of seed yield performance, the genotype C51 produced the highest number of seeds per fruit (47.66), while the line C41 produced the highest seed yield per plant (7.66 g). Per hectare seed yield varied from 263.0 kg (C41) to 53.79 kg (MP5). The highest per plant (6.33 g) and per hectare (139.26 kg) hybrid seeds were produced by the cross combination of C11 X C51 followed by that of WP8 × C11. The fruit weight and fruit yield of the hybrids were much higher compared to their superior parents during the summer season. Among the six tomato hybrids, WP7 X C51 had the highest fruit weight (67.60 g) and produced the highest fruit yield per plant (1.43 kg) followed by BARI Hybrid Tomato-4 (1.24 kg). The other two hybrids, WP8 X C51 (1.08 kg/plant) and C51 X WP10 (1.1 kg/plant) were also found promising. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v39i1.20057 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 39(1): 13-21, March 2014

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF SEED PRODUCTION AND QUALITY GROUPER BY HYBRIDIZATION PROGRAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suko Ismi ◽  
Yasmina Nirmala Asih ◽  
Daniar Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Hybrid Grouper ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
Tiger Grouper

<p>Several types of grouper hybrid seeds can now be massively produced in a hatchery. Hybrid seeds can increase diversification of aquaculture species and potential to increase fish production.  Therefore, an  improvement in hybrid seed production both in high quantity and quality is very important. This research was conducted to produce massively cantik grouper hybrid seeds i.e.,a crossbreed between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male marbled grouper (Epinephelus microdon). This research examined the cantik grouper seed production compared with the production of tiger grouper and marbled grouper fingerlings. The research results showed that cantik hybrid grouper seeds production had higher survival rate (24.59%) than tiger grouper (17.44%) and marbled grouper (4.63%). The total length of the seed at the age of 45 days for cantik grouper  was 3.59 ± 0.21 cm, tiger 3.24 ± 0.55 cm, and batik 2.61 ± 0.42 cm, respectively. Seed abnormality for cantik grouper was 4.13%, tiger grouper 30.21%, and marled tiger 0.57%, respectively. Based on genetic variation analyses, the cantik grouper had a closer genetic relationship with the marbled grouper compared with the tiger grouper.</p> <p>Keywords: Marbled grouper, hybridization program, seeds production, quality</p>

Flowering phenology of Populustremuloides and P. grandidentata and the potential for hybridization

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt S. Pregitzer ◽  
Burton V. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Strong Potential ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Northern Michigan

Flower phenologies of Populustremuloides, P. grandidentata, and P. ×smithii were monitored for 39 clones in southeastern Lower Michigan, U.S.A., and 73 clones in northern Lower Michigan. In southeastern Michigan the two species were generally found to be reproductively isolated where average flowering times were compared. Populustremuloides exhibited greater intra- and interclonal variation than P. grandidentata and flowered for a significantly longer period. However, overlap in flowering times occurred in southeastern Michigan indicating a potential for hybridization and gene flow. Populusgrandidentata female clones pollinated by P. tremuloides males were most likely to produce hybrid seeds. Small, late-developing female catkins of P. tremuloides also showed strong potential for hybrid seed production. Natural F1 hybrids were intermediate in flowering time between the parents. Therefore, phenology is not a complete barrier to natural backcrossing in southeastern Lower Michigan. Little overlap occurred in northern Michigan, thus strongly limiting the potential for hybridization.

scholarly journals Proportion of parental line (A receptor and R pollinator) seeds improving rice hybrid production

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 45629
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan Nascente ◽  
Paulo Ricardo Reis Fagundes ◽  
Vitor Henrique Vaz Mondo ◽  
Mabio Chrisley Lacerda
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
High Price ◽  
Parental Line ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Rice Hybrid ◽  
Hybrid Seeds

The high price of rice hybrid seeds is one of the major limiting factors for increasing the use of this technology. An important step toward minimizing high rice hybrid seed cost is developing techniques that help improve hybrid seed yield. Our goal was to determine the proportion of seeds of line A (receptor) and line R (pollinator) that, under mixed sowing, would allow optimized rice hybrid seed production and grain quality. Trials were performed for two growing seasons in the southern region of Brazil. The cultivar INTA Puita was used as a pollinator and line 464 A as receptor. The experimental design was a randomized block with four replications. Treatments included six proportions of seeds of the INTA Puita (0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 24.00%) mixture with seeds of line 464 A (99.25, 98.50, 97.00, 94.00, 88.00, and 76%, respectively). By increasing the percentage of the pollinator seeds (INTA Puita CL) from 0.75 to 24% in the mixture with the receptor (line 464 A), we increased yield of INTA Puita CL grains (7 to 2676 kg ha-1) and hybrid seeds (279 to 1493 kg ha-1). The mixture of different proportions of INTA Puita CL (pollinator) with the receptor (line 464 A) did not change the rice grain quality or the production cost. The cost of production per kg of hybrid seeds decreased quadratically with the increasing percentage of the pollinator (INTA Puita CL), from US$ 6.71 to US$ 1.23. Revenue achieved from the commercialization of the grains of INTA Puita CL with hybrid seeds 464 A showed quadratic increases with the increased percentage of INTA Puita cl in the mixture. Our results showed a potential technique that could be used to improve hybrid seed production, reduce cost per kg of hybrid seed and improve revenue from producing rice hybrid seeds.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF SEED PRODUCTION AND QUALITY GROUPER BY HYBRIDIZATION PROGRAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suko Ismi ◽  
Yasmina Nirmala Asih ◽  
Daniar Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Hybrid Grouper ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Epinephelus Fuscoguttatus ◽  
Tiger Grouper

Several types of grouper hybrid seeds can now be massively produced in a hatchery. Hybrid seeds can increase diversification of aquaculture species and potential to increase fish production.  Therefore, an  improvement in hybrid seed production both in high quantity and quality is very important. This research was conducted to produce massively cantik grouper hybrid seeds i.e.,a crossbreed between female tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and male marbled grouper (Epinephelus microdon). This research examined the cantik grouper seed production compared with the production of tiger grouper and marbled grouper fingerlings. The research results showed that cantik hybrid grouper seeds production had higher survival rate (24.59%) than tiger grouper (17.44%) and marbled grouper (4.63%). The total length of the seed at the age of 45 days for cantik grouper  was 3.59 ± 0.21 cm, tiger 3.24 ± 0.55 cm, and batik 2.61 ± 0.42 cm, respectively. Seed abnormality for cantik grouper was 4.13%, tiger grouper 30.21%, and marled tiger 0.57%, respectively. Based on genetic variation analyses, the cantik grouper had a closer genetic relationship with the marbled grouper compared with the tiger grouper. Keywords: Marbled grouper, hybridization program, seeds production, quality

scholarly journals Pollination Timing and Hybrid Seed Production of Neoregelia

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1970-1973
Author(s):  
Chyun-Chien Liang ◽  
Tzu-Yao Wei ◽  
Der-Ming Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Style Length ◽  
Reciprocal Crosses ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Compatible Cross ◽  
Incompatible Cross

Neoregelia cultivars have been used in many areas for landscaping and indoors in a variety of creative ways, but scientific reports of their pollination and hybridization are presently limited. Cross-combinations of Neoregelia cultivars were created to define conditions for pollination timing and to evaluate cross-compatibility. Neoregelia cultivars have short-lived flowers. Hybrid seeds were obtained only when cross-pollination was performed before 1200 hr. Results of 19 cross-combinations including six reciprocal crosses revealed that hybrid seeds were obtained in the female parents with a 1.9- to 2.0-cm style length, but not in those with a 2.6- to 3.0-cm style length. The pollen tube penetrated the ovule as early as 1 day after pollination in the compatible cross, whereas swollen pollen tubes were observed at half and two-thirds of the style in the incompatible cross. Removal of 50% of the style length of the female parents could overcome the fertilization barrier for those incompatible crosses and hybrid seeds could be successfully obtained.

scholarly journals Detection of QTLs for Outcrossing-Related Traits in CSSL Population Derived from Primitive Japonica Accession Ludao in the Genetic Background of O. sativa spp. Japonica Restorer C-bao Using RSTEP-LRT Method

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Lal Bux ◽  
Dalu Li ◽  
Muhammad Faheem ◽  
Nour Ali ◽  
Muzafar Hussain Sirohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Cms Line

The outcrossing traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.) affect the yield of hybrid seed production. Using a cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line with good outcrossing traits, such as short flag leaf length (FLL), narrow flag leaf width (FLW), wide flag leaf angle (FLA), and elongated panicle neck length (PNL), for hybrid rice seed production, it is possible to avoid the procedure of cutting flag leaves and make the supplementary pollination feasible by machine. In this study, a japonica restorer C-bao as the receptor parent and a primitive japonica accession Ludao as the donor parent were used to construct a chromosome segment substitution line (CSSL) population. The CSSL population was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the four outcrossing traits using a likelihood ratio test based on the stepwise regression (RSTEP-LRT) method. The CSSL population constructed consisted of 163 lines covering 90.7% of the donor genome. Among the seven QTLs detected in the CSSL population, four QTLs were detected in both years. qFLL-4 explained 6.70% of the two-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao decreased FLL 5.1 cm. qFLA-1.1 and qFLA-1.2 explained 7.85% and 21.29% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance respectively, and the alleles from Ludao increased FLA 17.38° and 31.50°. qPNL-8 explained 8.87% of the 2-year-averaged phenotypic variance, and the alleles from Ludao increased PNL 4.44 cm. These favorable alleles identified could be used to improve the outcrossing traits of parents for hybrid rice seed production in rice.

Techniques of Hybrid Seed Production in Egg Plant

2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Vindhyachal Prasad ◽  
S. K. Dasgupta ◽  
S. K. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Egg Plant
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