Time-Space Discipline of Upper Classes in Global Capitalism: Top Managers, International Artists, and Global Academics—a Comparison

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 340-354
Author(s):  
Laura Gherardi
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Geographic Mobility ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Over Time

Abstract One contribution towards current research into social structures and the relative geometries of power among the TCC in global capitalism can be derived from a form of power—the power over one’s own rhythm and that of others—largely unexplored by existing work. In this article I focus on the link between time-space discipline imposed by production on some fraction of the TCC and their power over time and space of co-workers and subordinates. I introduce some findings obtained from a recent research I carried out on a sample of more than 50 people: top and middle managers of multinationals and, as comparison groups, international artists, global academics, big investors. I will first illustrate, in the footsteps of Thompson and Harvey, the perspective according to which capitalism has always been, in technical terms, a mode of production based on the precise regulation of time and space imposed on those socio-professional groups fitting into the division of labor to different levels and degrees. I will then detail the two declinations of power over rhythm, as they have emerged over the course of my fieldwork. The first declination is autodirect power, expressing the degrees of freedom/subordination in the determination of one’s own time and space, and it has come out of an analysis of the time and space links imposed on those taking part in the research sample. The second declination is power over time and space of others, and has come out from an analysis of the division of labor among their subordinates and co-workers, notably concerning the norm of international geographic mobility in global capitalism.

Historical Psychology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noemi Pizarroso Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Memory Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Over Time

Historical psychology claims that the mind has a history, that is, that our ways of thinking, reasoning, perceiving, feeling, and acting are not necessarily universal or invariable, but are instead subject to modifications over time and space. The theoretical and methodological foundations of this movement were laid in France by psychologist Ignace Meyerson in his book Les fonctions psychologiques et les œuvres, published in 1948. His program stressed the active, experimental, constructive nature of human behavior, spanning behavioral registers as diverse as the linguistic, the religious, the juridical, the scientific/technical, and the artistic. All these behaviors involve aspects of different mental functions that we can infer through a proper analysis of “works,” considered as consolidated testimonies of human activity. As humanity’s successive achievements, constructed over the length of all the paths of the human experience, they are the materials with which psychology has to deal. Meyerson refused to propose an inventory of functions to study. As unstable and imperfect products of a complex and uncertain undertaking, they can be analyzed only by avoiding the counterproductive prejudice of metaphysical fixism. Meyerson spoke in these terms of both deep transformations of feelings, of the person, or of the will, and of the so-called “basic functions,” such as perception and the imaginative function, including memory, time, space, and object. Before Meyerson the term “historical psychology” had already been used by historians like Henri Berr and Lucien Febvre, a founding member of the Annales school, who firmly envisioned a sort of collective psychology of times past. Meyerson and his disciples eventually vied with their fellow historians of the Annales school for the label of “historical psychology” and criticized their notions of mentality and outillage mental. The Annales historians gradually abandoned the label, although they continued to cultivate the idea that mental operations and emotions have a history through the new labels of a “history of mentalities” and, more recently at the turn of the century, a “history of emotions.” While Meyerson and a few other psychologists kept using the “historical psychology” label, however, mainstream psychology remained quite oblivious to this historical focus. The greatest efforts made today among psychologists to think of our mental architecture in terms of transformation over time and space are probably to be found in the work of Kurt Danziger and Roger Smith.

scholarly journals Quantum asymmetry between time and space

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2185) ◽  
pp. 20150670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan A. Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Laws ◽  
Time Evolution ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
Conventional View ◽  
Time Space ◽  
T Violation ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Over Time

An asymmetry exists between time and space in the sense that physical systems inevitably evolve over time, whereas there is no corresponding ubiquitous translation over space. The asymmetry, which is presumed to be elemental , is represented by equations of motion and conservation laws that operate differently over time and space. If, however, the asymmetry was found to be due to deeper causes, this conventional view of time evolution would need reworking. Here we show, using a sum-over-paths formalism, that a violation of time reversal (T) symmetry might be such a cause. If T symmetry is obeyed, then the formalism treats time and space symmetrically such that states of matter are localized both in space and in time. In this case, equations of motion and conservation laws are undefined or inapplicable. However, if T symmetry is violated, then the same sum over paths formalism yields states that are localized in space and distributed without bound over time, creating an asymmetry between time and space. Moreover, the states satisfy an equation of motion (the Schrödinger equation) and conservation laws apply. This suggests that the time–space asymmetry is not elemental as currently presumed, and that T violation may have a deep connection with time evolution.

Language Change and Movement as Seen by Historical Linguistics

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Nurse
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Comparative Linguistics ◽  
Language Boundaries ◽  
Over Time

The focus of this chapter is on how languages move and change over time and space. The perceptions of historical linguists have been shaped by what they were observing. During the flowering of comparative linguistics, from the late 19th into the 20th century, the dominant view was that in earlier times when people moved, their languages moved with them, often over long distances, sometimes fast, and that language change was largely internal. That changed in the second half of the 20th century. We now recognize that in recent centuries and millennia, most movements of communities and individuals have been local and shorter. Constant contact between communities resulted in features flowing across language boundaries, especially in crowded and long-settled locations such as most of Central and West Africa. Although communities did mix and people did cross borders, it became clear that language and linguistic features could also move without communities moving.

scholarly journals Revealing the spatial shifting pattern of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhu ◽  
Xinyue Ye ◽  
Steven Manson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Network Optimization ◽  
Network Modeling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standard Series ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Long Range Interactions ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
Over Time

AbstractWe describe the use of network modeling to capture the shifting spatiotemporal nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. The most common approach to tracking COVID-19 cases over time and space is to examine a series of maps that provide snapshots of the pandemic. A series of snapshots can convey the spatial nature of cases but often rely on subjective interpretation to assess how the pandemic is shifting in severity through time and space. We present a novel application of network optimization to a standard series of snapshots to better reveal how the spatial centres of the pandemic shifted spatially over time in the mainland United States under a mix of interventions. We find a global spatial shifting pattern with stable pandemic centres and both local and long-range interactions. Metrics derived from the daily nature of spatial shifts are introduced to help evaluate the pandemic situation at regional scales. We also highlight the value of reviewing pandemics through local spatial shifts to uncover dynamic relationships among and within regions, such as spillover and concentration among states. This new way of examining the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of network-based spatial shifts offers new story lines in understanding how the pandemic spread in geography.

Dental evidence for variation in diet over time and space in the Arctic fox, Vulpes lagopus

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S. Ungar ◽  
Blaire Van Valkenburgh ◽  
Alexandria S. Peterson ◽  
Aleksandr A. Sokolov ◽  
Natalia A. Sokolova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Fox ◽  
Vulpes Lagopus ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Over Time

In search of lost space: The process of space planning through remembering and history

Organization ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio James Petani ◽  
Jeanne Mengis
Keyword(s):  
Production Of Space ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Contested Narratives

This article explores the role of remembering and history in the process of planning new spaces. We trace how the organizational remembering of past spaces enters the conception (i.e. planning) of a large culture center. By drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s reflections on history, time and memory, we analyze the processual interconnections of his spatial triad, namely between the planned, practiced, and lived moments of the production of space. We find that over time space planning involves recurrent, changing, and contested narratives on ‘lost spaces’, remembering happy spaces of the past that articulate a desire to regain them. The notion of lost space adds to our understanding of how space planning involves, through organizational remembering, a sociomaterial and spatiotemporal work of relating together different spaces and times in non-linear narratives of repetition.

Increased utilization of blastocyst frozen embryo transfers over time and space: a sartcors study

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. e171-e172
Author(s):  
E.C. Holden ◽  
B.N. Kashani ◽  
S. Morelli ◽  
D. Alderson ◽  
S.K. Jindal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time And Space ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfers
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document