Hunting Theories: Totalisation and Indigenous Resistances in Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 30-44
Author(s):  
Peter Kulchyski
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Concepts And Categories ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
The Core ◽  
Capitalist State ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
Mode Of Production

Indigenous peoples are, in the current historical conjuncture, leading the opposition to the capitalist state in Canada. The specific features of Indigenous cultures, history and struggles demand of historical materialism a regional theory that deploys existing concepts and categories in reinvigorated and sometimes different ways. Glen Coulthard’s Red Skin, White Masks makes a critically important contribution to this project by offering a creative, materialist-leaning reading of Frantz Fanon as a lever to criticise those prominent liberal arguments of Indigenous conflict that are based on notions of recognition. While Coulthard’s argument and project would be significantly advanced by raising Marx’s concept of ‘mode of production’ from the secondary status it enjoys in the work to a more foundational role, in part because this moves the problem of totalisation to the core of strategies of resistance, he nevertheless in his affirmative project rightly centres returning to aboriginal cultural forms as a critical feature of decolonisation.

A Precarious Confluence: Neoliberalism, Race, and Water Insecurity

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mascarenhas
Keyword(s):  
First Nations ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
First Century ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Water Insecurity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Racial Projects ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Cities

Three very different field sites—First Nations communities in Canada, water charities in the Global South, and the US cities of Flint and Detroit, Michigan—point to the increasing precariousness of water access for historically marginalized groups, including Indigenous peoples, African Americans, and people of color around the globe. This multi-sited ethnography underscores a common theme: power and racism lie deep in the core of today’s global water crisis. These cases reveal the concrete mechanisms, strategies, and interconnections that are galvanized by the economic, political, and racial projects of neoliberalism. In this sense neoliberalism is not only downsizing democracy but also creating both the material and ideological forces for a new form of discrimination in the provision of drinking water around the globe. These cases suggest that contemporary notions of environmental and social justice will largely hinge on how we come to think about water in the twenty-first century.

Indigenous Planning: From Forced Assimilation to Self-determination

2021 ◽  
pp. 088541222110266
Author(s):  
Michael Hibbard
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Indigenous Planning ◽  
Indigenous Land Rights ◽  
Indigenous Land

Interest in Indigenous planning has blossomed in recent years, particularly as it relates to the Indigenous response to settler colonialism. Driven by land and resource hunger, settler states strove to extinguish Indigenous land rights and ultimately to destroy Indigenous cultures. However, Indigenous peoples have persisted. This article draws on the literature to examine the resistance of Indigenous peoples to settler colonialism, their resilience, and the resurgence of Indigenous planning as a vehicle for Indigenous peoples to determine their own fate and to enact their own conceptions of self-determination and self-governance.

Jeremy Bentham: Pauperism, Colonialism, and Imperialism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
BARBARA ARNEIL
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Settler Colonialism ◽  
Jeremy Bentham ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Poor ◽  
First Contact

Using two recently published folios by Jeremy Bentham, I draw out a fundamental but little-analyzed connection between pauperism and both domestic and settler colonialism in opposition to imperialism in his thought. The core theoretical contribution of this article is to draw a distinction between a colonial, internal, and productive form of power that claims to improve people and land from within, which Bentham defends, and an imperial, external, and repressive form of power that dominates or rules over people from above and afar, that he rejects. Inherent in colonialism and the power unleashed by it are specific and profoundly negative implications in practice for the poor and disabled of Europe in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries subject to domestic colonialism and indigenous peoples subject to settler colonialism from first contact until today. I conclude Bentham is best understood as a pro-colonialist and anti-imperialist thinker.

In-itself for-itself: Towards second-generation neo-Marxist class theory

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Neilson
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Critical Realism ◽  
Communist Manifesto ◽  
Class Theory ◽  
The Core ◽  
Preceding Discussion ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Surplus Population ◽  
Mode Of Production

First-generation neo-Marxist class theorists advanced some way beyond the orthodox Marxist account that is grounded in a particular reading of the Communist Manifesto. However, capitalism’s changing reality since then has revealed the limited extent of their break with orthodoxy. With the support of Bhaskar’s critical realism and Gramsci’s philosophy of praxis, this article addresses these limitations to facilitate movement towards second-generation neo-Marxist class theory. Rather than following first-generation neo-Marxist Poulantzas who dismissed the ‘class-in-itself’/‘class-for-itself’ distinction as a non-Marxist Hegelian residue, this article treats it as the central problematic of Marx’s class theory. Bourdieu’s subjectivist reformulations of the distinction that resonates with Marxist interpretations that run counter to the neo-Marxist social scientific aspiration are also critically engaged. The innovative conceptual framework arising from the article’s critical engagement with these diverging intellectual trajectories is applied to sketch ‘class effects’ in-themselves especially around the theme of the ‘relative surplus population’. Expected class effects implied by the core dynamic of the capitalist mode of production, and then contemporary empirical effects generated by neoliberal-led global capitalism, are outlined. This re-conceptualisation is then supplemented by critically examining Beck’s argument that individualisation leads to capitalism without classes-for-themselves. The article concludes by reconsidering class-for-itself in the light of the preceding discussion.

scholarly journals EL CAMINO DE LA EDUCACION DE LOS PUEBLOS INDIGENAS EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA: de la etnoeducación a la educación propia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Alfredo Fayad
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Education ◽  
El Paso ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Model ◽  
Education Projects ◽  
Cultural Forms ◽  
The Way

En este artículo se propone valorar las formas, prácticas y propuestas que las comunidades indígenas han elaborado en función de sus proyectos de educación propia, como resultado de presiones y luchas ante el modelo de educación oficial. La historia de implementación de la educación en las comunidades indígenas ha sido la negación de sus idiomas y formas culturales a partir del modelo de educación evangelizadora, republicana y estandarizada. Los cambios en ese camino muestran el paso de la etnoeducación a la educación propia indígena, que se reconoce en Colombia gracias a la Constitución de 1991 y a las luchas de las comunidades por transformar el modelo institucionalizado de educación, al proponer una educación que reconozca los principios culturales, los idiomas, las lógicas otrasde los pueblos indígenas. Los aportes de los pueblos Nasa y Misak en el departamento del Cauca demuestran la riqueza de cómo se viene investigando, indagando y tratando de fortalecer una propuesta educativa desde las comunidades. THE PATH OF EDUCATION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES IN THE DEPARTMENT OF CAUCA, COLOMBIA:from ethnoeducation to own education ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to discuss the practices and proposals of education projects that indigenous communities have elaborated, against the official education model. The history of implementation of education in indigenous communities has been the negation of their languages and cultural forms based on the evangelizing, republican and standardized education model. The changes in this path show the passage from ethnoeducation to indigenous education itself, recognized in the 1991 Constitution. The contributions of the Nasa and Misak peoples in the department of Cauca demonstrate the way that they are trying to strengthen an educational proposal from the communities.Key-words: Ethnoeducation. Own education. Accompaniment. Recognition of differences. Knowledge relationships.  

The ethics of collecting

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA Sackler
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
American Philosophy ◽  
Sacred Objects ◽  
Historical Methods

The author questions the concepts underlying ethnological collections of art and artifacts in the context of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). Alternatives to traditional Western anthropological and art historical methods of collection and display of sacred Native American material are found in traditional Native American philosophy and practice. The contemporary fashion among curators for contextualization of displayed objects from Indigenous cultures is critiqued in the light of broader ethical concerns regarding the appropriateness of collecting sacred objects from living Indigenous Peoples.

Imagination as Crisis: Spinoza on the Naturalisation and Denaturalisation of Capitalist Relations

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Anna Piekarska ◽  
Jakub Krzeski
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Material Force ◽  
Capitalist Mode ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Established Order ◽  
Mode Of Production

Abstract Many current Marxist debates point to a crisis of imagination as a challenge to emancipatory thoughts and actions. The naturalisation of the capitalist mode of production within the production of subjectivity is among the chief reasons behind this state of affairs. This article contributes to the debate by focusing on the notion of imagination, marked by a deep ambivalence capable of both naturalising and denaturalising social relations constitutive of the established order. Such an understanding of imagination is constructed from within the framework of historical materialism, and it draws on Spinoza and Marx, taking advantage of the similarities between the two with respect to the constitution of the subject. From this stems an investigation into the imagination as a material force that partakes both in subjection and liberation. This is further demonstrated in regard to juridical forms of subjectivation and the possibility of subverting these forms through imagination.

Embracing Humanity and Reclaiming Nature: Neglected Gendered Discourses in the Struggles of Western Cape Farm Workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidee Swanby
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Frantz Fanon ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Right To Dignity

This essay reflects on the unheeded cry from South Africa’s most marginalised people—farm workers—for recognition of their personhood and right to dignity. Their continuing struggles for decent wages and living conditions in South Africa’s neoliberal agricultural system, which primarily values efficiency and profit, risk further entrenching a dehumanising system and reproducing similar conditions of exploitation. Among other radical writers, Frantz Fanon has alerted us to the need to strive for a “universal humanity” as a way out of this paradox, while many indigenous peoples’ movements have gone further to insist that we reclaim the sacredness of all of nature and recognise that humans and their economy are derivative from and subordinate to nature. These alternative and counter-colonial traditions often implicitly or explicitly invoke ideas about the feminine and the sacred in their definitions of resisting or transcending oppression. Such movements suggest that what is needed is to reclaim our sacred attitude to nature and to one another, and to fundamentally restructure and transform the blueprints of our societies to reflect this attitude.

Cultural and Collective Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Venezuela

2015 ◽  
pp. 110-134
Author(s):  
Soledad Torrecuadrada García-Lozano ◽  
Vladimir Aguilar Castro ◽  
Carlos Grimaldo Lorente
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Indigenous Cultures ◽  
Collective Rights ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Indigenous Perspective

In this chapter, the authors attempt to demonstrate that respect for cultural identity of all human groups should be seen as a fundamental right. Ignoring Collective rights of indigenous peoples, those related to their cultural traditions, generally causes the lack of respect. Thus, knowledge of the cultural manifestations and their origin and meaning (as part of the history of the territories they inhabit) can conquer this respect on a par with its defense. This obviously with comprehensive training aimed to sensitize the general population in the positive assessment it deserves it different. The actions of nation-states governments with strong indigenous population has been characterized, until recently, by a remarkable disregard for indigenous cultures, having as a result the result of which such attitude, today from the non - indigenous perspective indigenous cultural manifestations are reduced to colorful folklore shows, when not seen as backward and primitive traditions. This chapter delves deeply into the legal framework for the protection of collective and cultural rights of indigenous peoples. The authors also attempt to show the weaknesses of the law and how states should act to strengthen them. Proposed article does emphasis on indigenous traditional knowledge and not in a wider debate on the topic of knowledge in general.

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