scholarly journals Ḥasan Naṣrallāh’s ʿĀshūrāʾ Speeches: The Thin Line between Ethics and Identity

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 384-410
Author(s):  
Bashir Saade

AbstractThe Lebanese political organization Hizbullah has developed its own style of commemorating ʿāshūrāʾ, the Shiʿi period of mourning in remembrance of the Battle of Karbalāʾ. Previous scholarship has analyzed Hizbullah’s ʿāshūrāʾ with prevailing conceptual binaries such as politics/religion, reason/tradition, or reason/emotion. This article challenges such binaries by looking at the series of speeches given by Hizbullah’s secretary general, Ḥasan Naṣrallāh, during the annual ʿāshūrāʾ rituals. Naṣrallāh’s oratory skills, and most importantly the careful structuring of the ten-day mourning event, show clearly that the production of reasoned arguments through speech involves the cultivation of intense emotions and states of consciousness. These are conducive not only to collective action and identity formation but also to ethical practices.


2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Miller

This introductory essay, firstly, offers a comparative, historical perspective on the transformation of petitioning into a vehicle for mass popular politics across North America and Western Europe during the “long” nineteenth century (1780–1914). While petitions were well established as an instrument of state in many early modern states, from the late eighteenth century a new type of mass, public, collective petitioning, based on established or invoked rights, emerged on an unprecedented scale in many countries. Mass petitioning underpinned the nascent repertoires of collective action pioneered by social movements. At the same time, the reception of petitions was institutionalized by political authorities, particularly legislatures elected under limited suffrage, as a potential source of legitimation. Secondly, the introduction suggests why people petitioned, and continued to petition, when their campaigns were often unsuccessful in achieving immediate results. The answer lies in the manifold advantages of petitioning in enabling political organization, mobilization, identity formation, citizenship, political change, and the forming of networks with elite political actors. By shaping an emerging field examining petitioning and petitions, raising awareness of petitions as sources and the methodologies to exploit them, and addressing broad questions of interest to historians and social scientists, this special issue hopes to stimulate further research and contribute to a rich dialogue in the years to come.



1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 220-224

The meeting of the Council of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation at Paris on October 6 and 7, 1950 had before it a memorandum submitted by the Secretary-General of the organization (Marjolin) concerned chiefly with the economic problems arising from the new international situation and the threat of inflation as a result of the western rearmament effort. The Secretary-General strongly emphasized collective action by member governments rather than on individual solutions to check inflation before it gathered greater momentum. The Council, using the memorandum as a basis, made decisions on the following present and potential problems: international financial stability, investments, raw material shortages, electrical energy, manpower, trade and payments.



2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Laís Leni Oliveira Lima ◽  
Cátia Regina Assis Almeida Leal

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa, cujos objetivos, entre outros, foi compreender as tensões encontradas nos desdobramentos do trabalho que se realiza na Educação Infantil (EI), e as consequentes perdas de prestígio social na carreira do professor, interferindo na constituição de sua identidade política. Para isso, foram buscadas proposições teóricas que fundamentam a categoria trabalho como atividade ontológica do ser humano e as ações que afetam o mundo do trabalho e a constituição de organização política da classe trabalhadora, em específico do trabalho docente na EI. A abordagem teórica esteve alicerçada na perspectiva do materialismo histórico dialético e as metodologias utilizadas foram necessárias para o desvelamento do objeto de estudo. Foram pesquisadas 44 trabalhadoras da EI, em sete instituições localizadas nos municípios de Jataí, Serranópolis e Chapadão do Céu – localizados na microrregião do Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás. A pesquisa evidencia que a concepção fetichizada da existência das crianças pequenas, interfere no trabalho realizado pelas trabalhadoras, e isso não tem contribuído para a consolidação de ações educativas ancorado no domínio da ciência nessas instituições. A pesquisa revela a necessidade e a possibilidade da trabalhadora, que atua na EI, se assumir como trabalhadora docente, o que requer conhecimentos profundos e sólidos a respeito da especificidade do desenvolvimento do trabalho formativo. Palavras-chave: Trabalho. Trabalho docente. Educação infantil. CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: tensions present in the teaching work sphere Abstract: The article presents results of a survey whose goals, among others, was to understand the tensions found in work developed in Early Childhood Education and the consequent loss of social prestige in the teacher's career, interfering in his political identity formation. For this, it sought theoretical propositions to base the job while category as human ontological activity and actions that affect the world of work and the constitution of the political organization of the working class, in particular the teaching work in CE. The theoretical approach was grounded in the perspective of dialectical historical materialism and the methodologies used were necessary for the unveiling of the subject of study. The search was realized with 44 workers of CE in seven institutions located in the municipalities of Jataí, Serranópolis and Chapadão do Céu - Located in the Southwest micro region of the State of Goiás.  The Research shows that fetishistic conception of the existence of small children, interferes in the work done by those workers, and this has not contributed to the consolidation of educational activities anchored in science domain in these institutions. The survey reveals the need and the possibility of worker, engaged in CE, assuming herself as a teaching worker, which requires extensive and solid knowledge about the specificity of the development of formative work. Keywords: Work. Teaching work. Childhood education. EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL: las tensiones presentes en la esfera de la labor docente Resumen: El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación, cuyos objetivos, entre otros, fue entender las tensiones en el desarrollo de la labor que ocurre en educación infantil (EI) y la consiguiente pérdida de prestigio social en la carrera del profesor, interfiriendo en la formación de su identidad política. Para ello, se buscó las proposiciones teóricas que fundamentan la categoría trabajo como actividad humana ontológica y las acciones que afectan el mundo del trabajo y el establecimiento de la organización política de la clase obrera, en específico la labor docente en EI. El enfoque teórico se basó en la perspectiva del materialismo histórico dialéctico y las metodologías utilizadas fueron necesarias para la presentación del objeto de estudio. Fueron investigadas 44 trabajadoras de la EI en siete instituciones ubicadas en los municipios de Jataí, Serranópolis y Chapadão do Céu – situados en la región del suroeste de la provincia de Goiás, Brasil. La investigación muestra que la concepción fetichizada de la existencia de niños y niñas interfiere con el trabajo realizado por las trabajadoras, y esto no ha contribuido a la consolidación de acciones educativas relacionada al dominio de la ciencia en estas instituciones. El estudio revela la necesidad y la posibilidad de la trabajadora que actúa en la EI, adjudicarse como trabajadora docente, lo que requiere conocimientos profundos y sólidos sobre la especificidad del desarrollo del trabajo formativo. Palabras clave: Trabajo. Labor del docente. Educación infantil.



2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Leni Oliveira Lima ◽  
Cátia Regina Assis Almeida Leal

O artigo apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa, cujos objetivos, entre outros, foi compreender as tensões encontradas nos desdobramentos do trabalho que se realiza na Educação Infantil (EI), e as consequentes perdas de prestígio social na carreira do professor, interferindo na constituição de sua identidade política. Para isso, foram buscadas proposições teóricas que fundamentam a categoria trabalho como atividade ontológica do ser humano e as ações que afetam o mundo do trabalho e a constituição de organização política da classe trabalhadora, em específico do trabalho docente na EI. A abordagem teórica esteve alicerçada na perspectiva do materialismo histórico dialético e as metodologias utilizadas foram necessárias para o desvelamento do objeto de estudo. Foram pesquisadas 44 trabalhadoras da EI, em sete instituições localizadas nos municípios de Jataí, Serranópolis e Chapadão do Céu – localizados na microrregião do Sudoeste do Estado de Goiás. A pesquisa evidencia que a concepção fetichizada da existência das crianças pequenas, interfere no trabalho realizado pelas trabalhadoras, e isso não tem contribuído para a consolidação de ações educativas ancorado no domínio da ciência nessas instituições. A pesquisa revela a necessidade e a possibilidade da trabalhadora, que atua na EI, se assumir como trabalhadora docente, o que requer conhecimentos profundos e sólidos a respeito da especificidade do desenvolvimento do trabalho formativo.Palavras-chave: Trabalho. Trabalho docente. Educação infantil. CHILDHOOD EDUCATION: tensions present in the teaching work sphere Abstract: The article presents results of a survey whose goals, among others, was to understand the tensions found in work developed in Early Childhood Education and the consequent loss of social prestige in the teacher's career, interfering in his political identity formation. For this, it sought theoretical propositions to base the job while category as human ontological activity and actions that affect the world of work and the constitution of the political organization of the working class, in particular the teaching work in CE. The theoretical approach was grounded in the perspective of dialectical historical materialism and the methodologies used were necessary for the unveiling of the subject of study. The search was realized with 44 workers of CE in seven institutions located in the municipalities of Jataí, Serranópolis and Chapadão do Céu - Located in the Southwest micro region of the State of Goiás.  The Research shows that fetishistic conception of the existence of small children, interferes in the work done by those workers, and this has not contributed to the consolidation of educational activities anchored in science domain in these institutions. The survey reveals the need and the possibility of worker, engaged in CE, assuming herself as a teaching worker, which requires extensive and solid knowledge about the specificity of the development of formative work.Keywords: Work. Teaching work. Childhood education. EDUCACIÓN INFANTIL: las tensiones presentes en la esfera de la labor docente Resumen: El artículo presenta resultados de una investigación, cuyos objetivos, entre otros, fue entender las tensiones en el desarrollo de la labor que ocurre en educación infantil (EI) y la consiguiente pérdida de prestigio social en la carrera del profesor, interfiriendo en la formación de su identidad política. Para ello, se buscó las proposiciones teóricas que fundamentan la categoría trabajo como actividad humana ontológica y las acciones que afectan el mundo del trabajo y el establecimiento de la organización política de la clase obrera, en específico la labor docente en EI. El enfoque teórico se basó en la perspectiva del materialismo histórico dialéctico y las metodologías utilizadas fueron necesarias para la presentación del objeto de estudio. Fueron investigadas 44 trabajadoras de la EI en siete instituciones ubicadas en los municipios de Jataí, Serranópolis y Chapadão do Céu – situados en la región del suroeste de la provincia de Goiás, Brasil. La investigación muestra que la concepción fetichizada de la existencia de niños y niñas interfiere con el trabajo realizado por las trabajadoras, y esto no ha contribuido a la consolidación de acciones educativas relacionada al dominio de la ciencia en estas instituciones. El estudio revela la necesidad y la posibilidad de la trabajadora que actúa en la EI, adjudicarse como trabajadora docente, lo que requiere conocimientos profundos y sólidos sobre la especificidad del desarrollo del trabajo formativo.Palabras clave: Trabajo. Labor del docente. Educación infantil.



2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 141-160
Author(s):  
Alysson Luiz Freitas de Jesus

O presente artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o contexto de início da República na região norte-mineira, especialmente a partir da ação política popular nesse contexto. A ideia é apresentar uma sociedade mais dinâmica, com maior capacidade de organização política, que procurou resolver as suas demandas por meio de instrumentos variados da ação política. A partir do estudo de documentos da Administração Pública da cidade, bem como jornais impressos, como o Correio do Norte, buscamos acesso ao cotidiano das relações na região, demonstrando como as ações coletivas se configuraram como elemento conformador da identidade política norte-mineira. Palavras-chave: sociedade; poder; norte de Minas; ação política.   A "FORMATION OF SOULS" SERTANEJAS: WHEN PEOPLE REALIZE THE REPUBLIC AND POWER IN AN INTERIOR  REGION OF MINAS Abstract  This article has got the aim to evaluate the early Republic context in the north Mineira region, especially from the popular political action in this context. The idea is to present a more dynamic society, with greater capacity for political organization, which searched to address their demands through various instruments of political action. From the study of documents from the city's Public Administration and newspapers, such as the North Mail, we seek the access the daily relations in the region, demonstrating how the collective action is configured as a shaping element of the north-Mineira political identity. Keywords: society; power; north of Minas; political action.   LA "FORMACIÓN DE LAS ALMAS" SERTANEJAS: CUANDO EL PUEBLO PERCIBE LA REPÚBLICA Y EL PODER EN REGIÓN DEL INTERIOR DE LAS MINAS Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evaluar el contexto de início de la República en región norte-minera, especialmente a partir de la acción política popular en este contexto. La idea es presentar una sociedad más lúdica, con mayor capacidad de organización política, que intenta resolver sua demandas por medios de herramientas variables de la acción política. A partir del estudio de documentos de la Administración Pública de la ciudad, bien como periódicos impresos, como el Correo del Norte, buscamos acceso al cotidiano de las relaciones en la región, demonstrando como las acciones coletivas se configuran como elemento conformador de identidad política norte-minera. Palabra-llave: sociedad; poder; norte de Minas; acción política. 



2017 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
J.W. Stoelhorst

The purpose of this paper is to present a recently emerging evolutionary approach to the study of human organization that I will refer to as ‘naturalistic’, and to highlight its integrative potential for the social and administrative sciences. This naturalistic approach considers the various forms of human cooperation as products of gene-culture co-evolutionary processes, and in doing so goes to the heart of the collective action problems that are central to explaining the human condition. Moreover, in building empirically grounded explanations of human behavior and organization, it also offers an alternative to the traditional view of governance in economic theory, with its emphasis on decentralized exchange and rational self-interested choice. The naturalistic approach both explains why human nature has evolved to the point where we often can do ‘better than rational’ in the face of the social dilemmas underlying collective action problems, and why modern forms of social, economic, and political organization are nevertheless always prone to being undermined by these same dilemmas.



Africa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus V. Hoehne

In this article, mimesis and mimicry are used as analytical concepts to explore dynamics of state and identity formation in Somaliland and Puntland since the early 1990s. Mimesis captures endeavours to imitate well-established models of social and political organization. Mimicry involves the deceptive imitation of such models in order to reach a certain aim. In the particular setting of northern Somalia, miming and mimicking in state and identity formation are also related to conflict escalation. The article first presents relevant political and legal positions on state collapse and secession. This helps to grasp the theoretical and policy implications of the empirical material. Then, the establishment of Somaliland and Puntland through mimesis and mimicry is sketched. The outline of the repeated military confrontations between both sides, particularly the last round of fighting in and around the town of Laascaanood in late 2007, indicates the relation of state and identity formation to military conflict. These localized dynamics are embedded into the continuing conflict in southern Somalia that involves a number of internal and external actors. The article concludes that miming and mimicking underlie many of Somaliland's and Puntland's internal developments and their conflictive relationship. Moreover, since the conflict in northern Somalia concerns state formation, it might have far-reaching consequences for the future of Somalia as a whole. This finally leads to the suggestion that the international norms regarding state collapse and secession have to be re-evaluated in the light of the empirical realities at hand.



1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodor Meron

The Secretary-General of the United Nations has recently referred to the goal of building up an international staff of the highest standard of efficiency, competence, and integrity, responsible only to the Organization and with as wide a geographical basis as possible. He acknowledged that the fact that the United Nations is a predominantly political organization inevitably exposes the Secretariat to pressures from many quarters although “Governments have generally made great efforts to respect the terms of Article 100, paragraph 2, of the Charter.…” He expressed the belief that it has been widely recognized that an objective independent Secretariat is in the long run in the best interest of all member states.



2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
James McHugh

The introduction briefly frames the project in terms of the study of drugs, alcohol, and altered states of consciousness in South Asian history and religions. What sort of evidence exists for writing a history of alcohol in India and what are the limits of this archive? What are the methodological and philological difficulties to be overcome in writing this sort of history of India? This chapter also presents a brief survey of previous scholarship on this topic and raises the question of whether this book should be considered controversial or offensive. The chapter concludes with an outline of the book and an explanation for the organization of topics within the book.



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