From Wombs to Farmland: The Transformation of Suman Shrines in Southern Ghana

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miho Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Southern Ghana

AbstractIn this article I attempt to analyze the transformation of savanna-originated spirit or suman shrines in a cocoa-producing migrant society in the Eastern Region of the Republic of Ghana. At the beginning of the twentieth century, various suman shrines were established as places where people were accused of witchcraft or exorcized in Akan societies. Earlier studies have called these 'anti-witchcraft shrines' and interpreted this phenomenon as being a result of the social change caused by the booming cocoa industry. In the meantime, the main function of suman shrines has been transformed from one associated with witchcraft, which is connected with kinship order in Akan societies, into one offering treatment against magic relating to ethnic conflicts over land. I point out that this shift in the function of suman shrines reflects a shift in local political disputes, namely from maintaining the birthrate within matrilineal kin groups in order to keep up numbers in the work force to the inter-ethnic relations found in the usufruct and contracts concerning farmland between landowners and tenants.

scholarly journals Understanding Language Death in Czech-Moravian Texas

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Kevin Hannan
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Wave Theory ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Language Death ◽  
Symbolic Function ◽  
Linguistic Model ◽  
Personal Interaction ◽  
The Social

Based on several decades of personal interaction with Texas speakers of Czech, the author’s article attempts to correlate social change with some specific stages of language obsolescence and language death. Many instances of language change in that community, as well as cultural and social change, may be explained by the linguistic model known as the wave theory. One hundred and fifty years passed between the introduction of Czech and the death of that language in Texas. From the mid-nineteenth through the mid-twentieth century, the Czech-Moravians represented a closed community in which individuals defined their identity primarily by the Czech language, ethnicity, and culture. In the final five decades of the twentieth century, as the social template representing Texas speakers of Czech disintegrated, spoken Czech ceased to function as a living language, and much of the ancestral culture connected with the language was lost. Today some among the elderly, described as semi-speakers, terminal speakers, or ‘‘rememberers’’ of language, retain a limited knowledge, but the ancestral language now has only a symbolic function.

scholarly journals Catholic and monarchist nationalism in twentieth-century Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-56
Author(s):  
Jacek Bartyzel
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Nationalist Party ◽  
Social Doctrine ◽  
National Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Christian Nationalism

The subject of this article is Christian nationalism in twentieth-century Portugal in its two ideological and organizational crystallizations. The first is the Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista), operating in the late period of constitutional liberal monarchy, founded in 1903 on the basis of Catholic circles, whose initiator, leader, and main theoretician was Jacinto Cândido da Silva (1857–1926). The second is the metapolitical movement created after overthrowing the monarchy in 1914, aimed against the Republic, called Integralismo Lusitano. Its leader and main thinker was António Sardinha (1887–1925), and after his untimely death — Hipólito Raposo. Both organizations united nationalist doctrine with Catholic universalism, declaring subordination to the idea of national Christian ethics and the social doctrine of the Catholic Church. The difference between them, however, was that, although the party led by Cândido was founded, i.a., to save the monarchy, after its collapse, it doubted the sense of combining the defence of Catholicism against the militant secularism of the Republic with monarchism. Lusitanian integralists, on the other hand, saw the salvation of national tradition and Christian civilization in the restoration of monarchy — not liberal, but organic, traditionalist, anti-parliamentary, anti-liberal, and legitimistic. Eventually, the Nationalist Party gave rise to the Catholic-social movement from which an António Salazar’s corporate New State (Estado Novo, 1889–1970) originated, while Lusitanian Integralism was the Portuguese quintessential reactionary counter-revolution, for which Salazarism was also too modernist.

Persistent stigma despite social change: experiences of stigma among single women who were pregnant or mothers in the Republic of Ireland 1996–2010

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciara Bradley ◽  
Michelle Millar
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Women ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Social Lives ◽  
Symbolic Resources ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Interpretive Method

‘Single’ women continue to experience stigma during pregnancy and mothering in the Republic of Ireland. This article explores the experiences of stigma of single women who were pregnant and mothering in Ireland between 1996 and 2010. The biographic narrative interpretive method (BNIM) was used to elicit biographical narratives. Analysis on both the lived experience of the women and the social context of the time created a ‘situated subjectivity’ in a sociocultural context. This article argues that despite large-scale positive social change before and during this period, single women’s pregnancy and motherhood continued to be to be stigmatised in Ireland. Women experienced this stigma in their everyday interactions. They negotiated stigma in their personal and social lives, employing strategies that drew on material and symbolic resources available to them. Social class, ethnicity and time were among factors that mediate the experience, but can also intersected in particular social locations to create a more stigmatised identity.

scholarly journals Utopian/Dystopian Visions: Plato, Huxley, Orwell

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nic Panagopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
New World ◽  
Sexual Politics ◽  
Social Engineering ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Utopian Thinking ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
The Republic

This paper attempts to theorize two twentieth-century fictional dystopias, Brave New World (2013) and Nineteen Eighty-Four (1984), using Plato’s political dialogues. It explores not only how these three authors’ utopian/dystopian visions compare as types of narrative, but also how possible, desirable, and useful their imagined societies may be, and for whom. By examining where the Republic, Brave New World, and Nineteen Eighty-Four stand on such issues as social engineering, censorship, cultural and sexual politics, the paper allows them to inform and critique each other, hoping to reveal in the process what may or may not have changed in utopian thinking since Plato wrote his seminal work. It appears that the social import of speculative fiction is ambivalent, for not only may it lend itself to totalitarian appropriation and application—as seems to have been the case with The Republic—but it may also constitute a means of critiquing the existing status quo by conceptualizing different ways of thinking and being, thereby allowing for the possibility of change.

scholarly journals Communication, Differentiation and the Evolution of World Society

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Boris Holzer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social World ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Modernity ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This chapter uses a systems theory perspective to examine how the globalization processes of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries affected social contacts, societal groups, and social change. It looks at developments and changes that took place in the nineteenth century that point to both continuities and ruptures with earlier epochs and their further consolidation and elaboration throughout the twentieth century. It also discusses a sociological perspective on a 'long twentieth century' and discernible transformations of the social world, which provided the foundation for a global modernity and popularized the aspiration towards it. The chapter implies an interest in fundamental sociological concepts, namely communication, differentiation, and evolution. It investigates the integral part of a long-term transformation that is developed by fundamental or societal revolution.

scholarly journals The education during the announcement period of republic within the construction and trnsformation period

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mehmet Bozaslan ◽  
Emel Çokoğullar
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Education System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Change Transformation

Every society is bound to struggle to create the conditions and mechanisms in convenient with the own life experience within the historical perspective. This struggle aims to provide the social order or change the existing social structure. The institution of education becomes the primary actor of changing in line with shaping the individual targets. After the establishment of the Republic in 1923, the education system has been reorganized and determined its own principles in order to enhance the mission of social change, transformation and construction. Therefore, the education system has transformed into a mixed, compulsory, rationalist and secular character and hence the interruption has been witnessed with the creating of new social structure by liberating from the traditional forms.Keywords: the announcement of republic, transformation, education, construction, social structure

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Carole Holohan
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Social Category ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Way

The introduction situates the study within the existing international and national historiographies of the postwar period, the sixties and youth. It indicates the way in which the social category of youth will be used as a lens through which social change and modernization in the Republic of Ireland can be more clearly understood.

Ethnic Relations in the Social Structure of an Industrial Work Force

1972 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30
Author(s):  
A. Sh. Vacheishvili ◽  
E. S. Menabdishvili
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Ethnic Relations ◽  
Industrial Work ◽  
The Social
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