The Corporate Parent as Ethical Approver: Issues and Experiences in researching HIV + Children in Jamaica

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Paul Miller ◽  
Kemesha Kelly ◽  
Nicola Spawls
Keyword(s):  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Access To The Field ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Intended Use

This paper is written in the context of researching children generally, and in the context of researching vulnerable children, namely children who are HIV +. Research carries with it various notions of power and ethics, often manifested in terms of a researcher’s positionality (ie: Insider/Outsider), the intended use of the research findings and accessing the field of enquiry. In the context of the research experiences being reported in this paper, researcher positionality was of only limited consequence. However, the intended use of the research’s output was crucial to gaining access to the field (namely children who are HIV +), since paramount to ‘gate keepers’ (namely state officials and partners) were such issues as safeguarding children and the protection of their right to privacy and confidentiality.

Perceptions of HIV Research Participation Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men who Have Sex with Men and Transgender and Nonbinary Adults: Results From a Midwest Pride Event

2021 ◽  
pp. 155626462110627
Author(s):  
Andrea R. Kaniuka ◽  
Meagan Zarwell ◽  
Robert J. Cramer ◽  
Katherine Quinn ◽  
Michelle Broaddus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Participation ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Participant Selection ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) continues to disproportionately affect gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM) and transgender and nonbinary (trans/NB) individuals. This study investigated attitudes toward participation in HIV survey research, guided by Emanuel's framework for ethical clinical research (e.g., risk–benefit ratio, fair participant selection, respect for participants, social value, and collaborative partnership). GBM ( n = 294) and trans/NB ( n = 86) persons recruited at a Pride event in Milwaukee completed a survey assessing risks and benefits of participation in, and comfort responding to, sexual health surveys. Participants reported few ethical concerns (e.g., privacy and confidentiality), with notable differences by race, sexual orientation and gender identity, and prior research experiences. Implications for HIV research with GBM and trans/NB individuals are discussed.

scholarly journals Early year undergraduate researchers’ reflections on the values and perceived costs of their research experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaye D. Ceyhan ◽  
John W. Tillotson
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Undergraduate Research ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Research Experience ◽  
Expectancy Value ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Background Prior research reported that motivational beliefs that individuals attach to specific tasks predict continuing interest and persistence in the task. A motivational approach may be particularly useful for understanding undergraduate students’ engagement with research in their first and second years in college. The current study utilizes the expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation to qualitatively explore how much and in what ways early year undergraduate researchers value their research experience and what kinds of costs they associate with it. Results The results revealed that intrinsic value had the highest expression in participants’ motivation to engage in research. The second most expressed value type was the utility value of undergraduate research with regards to obtaining the desired outcomes, and attainment value played the least important role in participants’ motivation to engage in research. Findings also indicated that some of the participants associated a cost(s) to their research experience. The highest mentioned perceived cost was opportunity cost, where participants commented on losing other valued alternatives when engaging in research. Participants commented on the time, effort, or amount of work needed to engage in research, and a few participants commented on the emotional cost associated with their research experience in terms of the fear of failure. Conclusion As perceived cost is the least studied in the expectancy-value framework, this study contributes to cost values within college students, particularly about early year undergraduate researchers. The findings of this study can form the basis for future work on exploring ways to increase the values and decrease the costs students experience in their undergraduate research experiences.

scholarly journals Social Media: Opportunity or threat to public health in context of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dip Narayan Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Boost Factor ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Health Commodities ◽  
Use Of Internet ◽  
Health Information Sharing

Social media, one of the greatest tools for sharing information, are used for various purposes in health like educational and promotional activities, communication - of research findings and during crisis readiness. In addition, online conference and webinar for health purpose, e-procurement of health commodities and telemedicine are some domains where we use social media. In contrast to these, it brings out various ill impacts on health directly or indirectly, such as cyberbullying, depression, anxiety, sleep disorders, physical inactivity- a boost factor for non-communicable diseases and internet addiction. As this field is new in health and being used innovatively, issues of their effectiveness, privacy and confidentiality begin to rise. Moreover, authenticity of the health information available on social media is another issue, all of which need guidance by evidence based acts and regulations. Else, it may harm the belief of users on the platform, which is the future for health information sharing. With very few researches done regarding the use of internet and social media, and increasing addiction towards them possesses an extra threat to health in Nepal. Hence, research regarding possible hazards of social media use and relative effectiveness of social media over other communication channel is needed, to develop necessary strategies to overcome possible threats to health and utilize social media for health to its optimum potential.

A Right to Privacy and Confidentiality: Ethical Medical Care for Patients in United States Immigration Detention

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda M. Gutierrez ◽  
Jacob D. Hofstetter ◽  
Emma L. Dishner ◽  
Elizabeth Chiao ◽  
Dilreet Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Homeland Security ◽  
Immigration Enforcement ◽  
Patient Privacy ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
United States Immigration ◽  
States Immigration ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

Recently, John Doe, an undocumented immigrant who was detained by United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), was admitted to a hospital off-site from a detention facility. Custodial officers accompanied Mr. Doe into the exam room and refused to leave as physicians examined him. In this analysis, we examine the ethical dilemmas this case brings to light concerning the treatment of patients in immigration detention and their rights to privacy. We analyze what US law and immigration detention standards allow regarding immigration enforcement or custodial officers’ presence in medical exams and documentation of detainee health information. We describe the ethical implications of the presence of officers in medical exam rooms, including its effects on the quality of the patient-provider relationship, patient privacy and confidentiality, and provider's ability to provide ethical care. We conclude that the presence of immigration enforcement or custodial officers during medical examination of detainees is a breach of the right to privacy of detainees who are not an obvious threat to the public. We urge ICE and the US Department of Homeland Security to clarify standards for and tighten enforcement around when officers are legally allowed to be stationed in medical exam rooms and document detainees’ information.

scholarly journals Early Education of orphans and vulnerable children: A crucial aspect for social justice and African development

2018 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Orphans And Vulnerable Children ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Education Interventions ◽  
Sub Saharan

In the last decade there has been a significant escalation in the number of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in various parts of the world, more particularly, in Sub- Saharan Africa. The author strongly asserts that early childhood education is the main vehicle to address the concerns of OVC in order for them to develop skills and human capital as future adults in order to improve the outcomes for governance and economic development in Africa. He argues on the basis of inclusion that a social justice framework is essential in taking the rights of OVC into consideration. Adopting a bio- ecological systems theoretical model the author presents research findings on the educational, psychological and social experiences of OVC to motivate the need for African governments to take on the responsibility of addressing the plight of OVC through early childhood development and education interventions if they are serious about economic sustainability and prosperity. Although the research discussed in this paper was conducted in South Africa the author believes that the findings could easily depict what happens in the rest of Africa. In concluding, the author considers the implications of the findings in relation to future policies and directions needed for crucial development in Africa.

scholarly journals A Synopsis on Data Protection under the Nigerian Laws: Has the Universality of Right to Privacy Trickled Down to Nigeria?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABBA ELGUJJA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
African Union ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Right To Privacy ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Personal Data Protection ◽  
Data Protection Law ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality

The concept of personal data protection is no doubt, an off-shoot of the universal human right to privacy and confidentiality. Not only has it been ingrained under Article 12 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, but it has also been incorporated into most of the regional human rights conventions, charters, and treaties, except, of course, the African Charter on Human Rights (ACHR) to which Nigerian affiliates with. Despite its conspicuous absence in the ACHR, the revolution in the internet and information management technologies have prompted the African Union (AU), and the Economic Community of West Africa States (ECOWAS) to, respectively, create Convention and Act to regulate the processing of personal data.However, Nigeria has neither incorporated these treaties nor enacted a comprehensive data protection law. At best, Nigeria has a Data Protection Regulations, a Data Protection Bill, and scattered pieces of legislation regulating specific aspects of the processing of personal data.The question is, has the universal human right to privacy effectively trickled down to Nigeria? This chapter captures the issues at stake, and attempts to proffer suggestion.

Recruitment and Retention of Adolescent Participants in HIV Research: Findings From the REACH (Reaching for Excellence in Adolescent Care and Health) Project

2003 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulette D Stanford ◽  
Dina A Monte ◽  
Felecia M Briggs ◽  
Patricia M Flynn ◽  
Mary Tanney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Hiv Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Health Project

scholarly journals Commentary: Engaging African Immigrants in Research – Experiences and Lessons from the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Commodore-Mensah ◽  
Ruth-Alma Turkson-Ocran ◽  
Nwakaego A. Nmezi ◽  
Manka Nkimbeng ◽  
Joycelyn Cudjoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Population Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Research Experiences ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Effective Community

Global migration from Africa to more economically developed regions such as the United States, Europe, the Middle East, and Australia has reached unprecedented rates in the past five decades. The size of the African immigrant population in the United States has roughly doubled every decade since 1970. However, research has not kept up with the growing size of this vulnerable population. Data from African immigrants have not traditionally been reported sepa­rately from Blacks/African Americans. There is growing interest in increasing the partici­pation of African immigrants in research to understand their unique health needs and the full spectrum of factors impacting their health, ranging from racial, social, environ­mental, and behavioral factors, to individual biological and genetic factors which may also inform health challenges. This line of inquiry may also inform our understanding of health disparities among their African American counterparts. However, little is known about effective community engage­ment and recruitment strategies that may increase the participation of this popula­tion in research studies. The purpose of this commentary is to: 1) describe lessons learned from our experiences engaging Afri­can immigrants in research in the Baltimore, Washington, DC, and Atlanta metropolitan areas; 2) discuss strategies for successful re­cruitment; and 3) consider future directions of research and opportunities to translate research findings into health policy for this population. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(4):617-622; doi:10.18865/ed.29.4.617

Coming Full Cycle

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey Fay ◽  
Allison Carll-White ◽  
James Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Study Data ◽  
Participant Engagement ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Privacy And Confidentiality ◽  
Communication Privacy ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making ◽  
Integrate Research

Purpose: This article illustrates a collaborative, full cycle diagnostic postoccupancy evaluation (POE) conducted in an emergency department (ED) to demonstrate methods of planning a POE, conducting research to capture meaningful data, and applying outcomes through the use of a design charrette. Background: POEs often end with the reporting of findings rather than suggesting how this knowledge feeds forward. A design charrette presents an opportunity to engage with POE evidence and integrate research into practice. Methods: Planning for the POE resulted in a multiphased, multimethodological study. Data collection and analysis utilized objective and subjective measures yielding both qualitative and quantitative data. The design charrette then served as an interactive method to assist design practitioners in both understanding and applying the research findings in the redesign of the entry/triage sequence of the ED. Results: POE findings revealed four key issues impacting the ED experience. These include workflow, communication, privacy and confidentiality, and safety and security. In analyzing the use of the charrette to link POE findings to design application, it was determined that the charrette should include an all-inclusive, collaborative process, easily interpreted evidence, active participant engagement, and feasible outcomes grounded in research. Conclusion: Taking the POE process full cycle is a critical component in bridging the gap between research and its application to design. The charrette process offers a positive mark of completion to the POE and helps participants gain sensitivity to the importance of evidence-based decision-making.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document