Visiting Old Libraries: Scientific Books in the Religious Institutions of Early Modern Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 252-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Giurgevich
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Book Collecting ◽  
Book Collectors ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

Knowledge of libraries and book collecting is a preliminary task for the characterisation of scientific culture and practice. In the case of Iberia, and especially Portugal, this is still a desideratum. This paper provides a first global look at this issue. In early modern Portugal religious institutions organised impressive collections of books, by far the largest in the country. These libraries not only served the religious institutions themselves, but also supplied books to lesser libraries, such as the University Library of Coimbra and the Royal Library. The Portuguese book market mirrored the purchase and selection of books made by religious congregations. This was also true for the circulation of scientific books, which depended above all on the interests, choices and cultural relations of these most peculiar book collectors.


Patterns of Source Survival

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
James Morton
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Scholarly Book ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
Book Collectors ◽  
Manuscript Collections

Chapter 3 describes how the extant Italo-Greek nomocanons survived from the medieval period to the modern day, noting two main vectors: the monastic Order of St Basil (concentrated in Sicily, Calabria, and Lucania), and the Renaissance book market in the Salento peninsula. It also considers the implications of these patterns of source survival for what kind of evidence has survived and what sort of conclusions we can draw from it. Beginning in the late Middle Ages, it explains how the Council of Ferrara-Florence (1438–1445) inspired Pope Eugenius IV to create the monastic Order of St Basil to provide an institutional structure to Byzantine-rite monasticism in southern Italy; this would play a pivotal role in supporting the remaining Italo-Greek monasteries and preserving their manuscript collections into the early modern period. The chapter then turns to the Salento peninsula, observing that families of secular Greek clergy (rather than monasteries) played the most important role in copying and preserving manuscripts in the region. During the Renaissance, the Salento became a popular region for scholarly book collectors to purchase manuscripts, bringing them to great Renaissance libraries such as the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan. The chapter also looks at other ways that manuscripts survived, such as through the efforts of the seventeenth-century Russian monk Arsenii Sukhanov. For the most part, manuscripts that were not stored in Basilian monasteries or purchased from the Renaissance Salento have not been preserved.

Adam King: a man for all seasons

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
David McOmish
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Catholic Faith ◽  
Turbulent Times ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
University Of Paris ◽  
The University

Adam King was born into a respectable family of advocates on the eve of the Scottish Reformation. He was a professor of mathematics and philosophy at the University of Paris for many years, who then returned to Scotland to become an advocate and commissary of Edinburgh. His family's adherence to the Catholic faith in the immediate aftermath of the Reformation was overt and vigorous, and led to significant disruption in their lives. This article charts the life and career of Adam through these turbulent times, from his battles with religious authorities to his emergence as a man with significant influence in post-reformation Scotland. It provides a preliminary map of his friends and acquaintances, and presents evidence that they reflect a strong literary and scientific culture in early modern Scotland, which transcended their religious affiliations and was addressing some of the most pressing questions raised by the Scientific Revolution.

scholarly journals Il Telefono & Dintorni

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Multiple Goals ◽  
Scientific Culture ◽  
Evolution Of Language ◽  
Historic Period ◽  
University Of Florence ◽  
The University ◽  
Regulatory Economic ◽  
Selection Of

Sponsored by the University of Florence, the "National Committee for the celebrations of the bicentenary of the birth of Antonio Meucci" had multiple goals. These included: fostering a knowledge of the historic period in which Antonio Meucci lived in Florence, where he was born on 13 April 1808; contributing to spread and enhance technical-scientific culture among secondary school and university students; offering an occasion for reflection on the future of telecommunications from the perspective of technological innovation and the legal, regulatory, economic and social aspects; underscoring the influence of the telephone on the evolution of language, customs and means of expression, and finally co-ordinating and enhancing other initiatives not directly sponsored by the Committee. This book "Il telefono & dintorni" brings together a selection of the events, contributions and 'images' selected from among the numerous initiatives organised by the Meucci Committee over its three years of activity.

Big Data in the Field of Civil Security Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Gonschorek ◽  
Anja Langer ◽  
Benjamin Bernhardt ◽  
Caroline Räbiger
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Tactical Planning ◽  
Fire Departments ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Security Research ◽  
Geovisual Analytics ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

This article gives insight in a running dissertation at the University in Potsdam. Point of discussion is the spatial and temporal distribution of emergencies of German fire brigades that have not sufficiently been scientifically examined. The challenge is seen in Big Data: enormous amounts of data that exist now (or can be collected in the future) and whose variables are linked to one another. These analyses and visualizations can form a basis for strategic, operational and tactical planning, as well as prevention measures. The user-centered (geo-) visualization of fire brigade data accessible to the general public is a scientific contribution to the research topic 'geovisual analytics and geographical profiling'. It may supplement antiquated methods such as the so-called pinmaps as well as the areas of engagement that are freehand constructions in GIS. Considering police work, there are already numerous scientific projects, publications, and software solutions designed to meet the specific requirements of Crime Analysis and Crime Mapping. By adapting and extending these methods and techniques, civil security research can be tailored to the needs of fire departments. In this paper, a selection of appropriate visualization methods will be presented and discussed.

When Religion Hurts: Structural Sexism and Health in Religious Congregations

2021 ◽  
pp. 000312242199668
Author(s):  
Patricia Homan ◽  
Amy Burdette
Keyword(s):  
General Social Survey ◽  
State Level ◽  
Religious Participation ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

An emerging line of research has begun to document the relationship between structural sexism and health. This work shows that structural sexism—defined as systematic gender inequality in power and resources—within U.S. state-level institutions and within marriages can shape individuals’ physical health. In the present study, we use a novel dataset created by linking two nationally representative surveys (the General Social Survey and the National Congregations Study) to explore the health consequences of structural sexism within another setting: religious institutions. Although religious participation is generally associated with positive health outcomes, many religious institutions create and reinforce a high degree of structural sexism, which is harmful for health. Prior research has not reconciled these seemingly conflicting patterns. We find that among religious participants, women who attend sexist religious institutions report significantly worse self-rated health than do those who attend more inclusive congregations. Furthermore, only women who attend inclusive religious institutions exhibit a health advantage relative to non-participants. We observe marginal to no statistically significant effects among men. Our results suggest the health benefits of religious participation do not extend to groups that are systematically excluded from power and status within their religious institutions.

They Lived Under That Rule as Do Those Who Have Succeeded Them: Simultaneity and Conflict in the Foundation Narratives of a French Women’s Convent (10th–18th Centuries)

2021 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-97
Author(s):  
Steven Vanderputten
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Women Religious ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Memory Culture

While foundation accounts of medieval religious institutions have been the focus of intense scholarly interest for decades, so far there has been comparatively little interest in how successive versions related to each other in the perception of medieval and early modern observers. This essay considers that question via a case study of three such narratives about the 930s creation of Bouxières Abbey, a convent of women religious in France’s eastern region of Lorraine. At the heart of its argument stands the hypothesis that these conflicting narratives of origins were allowed to coexist in the memory culture of this small convent because they related to different arguments in its identity narrative. As such, it hopes to contribute to an ill-understood aspect of foundation narratives as a literary genre and a memorial practice in religious communities, with particular attention to long-term developments.

Lament and Revenge in the Hekabe of Euripides

2007 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian M. Billing
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Funerary Practices ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Lament

In this article Christian M. Billing considers the relationship between female lament and acts of vengeance in fifth-century Athenian society and its theatre, with particular emphasis on the Hekabe of Euripides. He uses historical evidence to argue that female mourning was held to be a powerfully transgressive force in the classical period; that considerable social tensions existed as a result of the suppression of female roles in traditional funerary practices (social control arising from the move towards democracy and the development of forensic processes as a means of social redress); and that as a piece of transvestite theatre, authored and performed by men to an audience made up largely, if not entirely, of that sex, Euripides' Hekabe demonstrates significant gender-related anxiety regarding the supposedly horrific consequences of allowing women to speak at burials, or to engage in lament as part of uncontrolled funerary ritual. Christian M. Billing is an academic and theatre practitioner working in the fields of ancient Athenian and early modern English and European drama. He has worked extensively as a director and actor and has also taught at a number of universities in the United Kingdom and the USA. He is currently Lecturer in Drama at the University of Hull.

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