Vulner-ability: A Systematic Theological Approach to an Ambivalent Term

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-415
Author(s):  
Miriam Leidinger
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Jon Sobrino ◽  
Guiding Questions

Abstract The term vulnerability is en vogue, both in theology and in mission studies. This contribution systematically analyses the concept and phenomenon of vulnerability and discusses its different aspects; namely materiality and embodiment, pain and suffering, and resilience and resistance. From a Christian theological point of view, these aspects of vulnerability resonate with key theological questions that lead to a closer look at the Christologies of Jürgen Moltmann, Jon Sobrino, and Graham Ward. The guiding questions are: How can we speak about the vulnerable human being in his or her relationship to Jesus Christ, the Son of God made flesh? And how is it possible vice versa to speak about the incarnated God in light of the vulnerability of all human beings? Finally, the argument culminates in a plea for a vulnerable theology in a wounded world.

scholarly journals As tentações de Jesus em tempos de neoliberalismo e pós-modernidade

2002 ◽  
Vol 62 (246) ◽  
pp. 307
Author(s):  
José Otacílio Leite
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Present Universe ◽  
The Church

O artigo parte das tentações de Jesus, segundo os relatos dos sinóticos, seguindo a ordem de Lucas, para abordar as tentações do homem contemporâneo. O encontro das duas naturezas, em Jesus, e sua fidelidade ao Pai, traçam um roteiro de liberdade libertadora para todas as criaturas humanas. A vida e o próprio ser do Filho de Deus é uma chave de leitura antropológica, iluminada pela fé, capaz de conectar o ser humano com o seu criador. Por outro lado, no conteúdo específico de cada uma das três grandes tentações situadas na historicidade de Jesus, há uma grande ligação com as propostas-mestras de realização do ser humano oferecidas pelos ideais de individualismo e consumismo, hoje reinantes. Estas propostas estão atreladas aos projetos do neoliberalismo e da pós-modernidade. São tentáculos que desafiam a fidelidade do cristão, da Igreja, porque escravizam, corroendo pessoas, sociedade e instituições, afastando-as do projeto amoroso do Pai. Ao resgatar o tema das tentações – e do pecado – a partir dos evangelhos, temos um caminho atraente às novas gerações para refletir e avaliar os valores propugnados no universo atual, bem como a própria sociedade como um todo.Abstract: The article takes off from the temptations of Jesus, according to the synoptical reports, following the order of Lucas, to approach the temptations of contemporary man. The meeting of two natures, in Jesus, and his faithfulness to the Father, trace a root of liberating liberty for all human beings. The life and the being itself of the Son of God is an anthropological key of reading, illuminated by faith, capable of connecting the human being with the Creator. On the other hand, in the specific contents of each of the three great temptations situated in the historicity of Jesus, there is a great connection with the master proposals of realization of the human being offered by the ideals of individualism and consumerism, those which reign today. These proposals are linked to projects of neoliberalism and to the post modernity. They are tentacles which defy the fidelity of the Christian, of the Church, because they enslave, corroding peoples, society and institutions, distancing them from the Father’s loving project. In salvaging the theme of temptations – and of sin – from the point of view of the Gospels, we have a path which is an attractive path to the new generations for reflecting and evaluating the values enhanced in the present universe, as well as society, itself, as a whole.

scholarly journals Sejarah Penafsiran Ajaran Paulus Mengenai Pembenaran Oleh Iman

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-175
Author(s):  
Warseto Freddy Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
The Bible ◽  
The World ◽  
Justification By Faith ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Wrath Of God ◽  
The Church

AbstractNo one can be justified before God for doing good deeds. No matter how good a man is, if he does not believe in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, he will not be saved from the wrath of God to come. There is no human being who is right before God, and no sinful man can save himself in any way. The only way out is in the way that God has given to the problem of all sinners, by sending Jesus Christ to the world to die for sinners. "And for this he came, so that every man believed in him, who was sent by God" (John 6:29). The Bible teaches that salvation is only obtained because of faith in Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is the object of that faith. This salvation is known as the statement "Justified by faith. Paul explained this teaching in each of his writings. This teaching of justification by faith has been repeatedly denied by some people who disagree with Paul's opinion. The history of the church from the early centuries to the present has proven the variety of understandings that have emerged from this teaching, but one important thing is that sinful humans are justified by their faith in Jesus Christ before God.Keywords: Paul;history; justified by faith.AbstrakTidak ada seorang pun yang dapat dibenarkan di hadapan Allah karena telah melakukan perbuatan baik. Sebaik apa pun manusia, jika dia tidak percaya kepada Yesus Kristus, Anak Allah maka ia tidak akan selamat dari murka Allah yang akan datang. Tidak ada seorang pun manusia yang benar di hadapan Allah, dan tidak ada seorang manusia berdosa yang dapat menyelematkan dirinya sendiri dengan cara apa pun. Satu-satunya jalan keluar adalah dengan cara yang Allah telah berikan untuk masalah semua orang berdosa, yaitu dengan mengutus Yesus Kristus ke dunia untuk mati bagi orang berdosa. “Dan untuk itulah Dia datang, yaitu supaya setiap orang percaya kepada Dia, yang telah diutus oleh Allah” (Yohanes 6:29). Alkitab mengajarkan bahwa keselamatan hanya diperoleh karena iman kepada Yesus Kristus. Yesus Kristus adalah obyek iman tersebut. Keselamatan ini dikenal dengan pernyataan “Dibenarkan karena iman. Paulus menjelaskan ajaran ini dalam setiap tulisannya. Ajaran pembenaran oleh iman ini telah berulang kali disangkal oleh beberap orang yang tidak setuju dengan pendapat Paulus. Sejarah gereja mulai dari abad permulaan sampai pada masa sekarang ini telah membuktikan beragamnya pemahaman yang muncul terhadap ajaran ini, namun satu hal yang terpenting adalah bahwa manusia berdosa dibenarkan oleh iman mereka kepada Yesus Kristus di hadapan Allah.Kata Kunci: Paulus; sejarah; iman; dibenarkan oleh iman.

El Protagonismo Dialéctico-Social del Ser Humano en el Desarrollo Intelectual de Rodolfo Mondolfo

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 125-144
Author(s):  
Jesús Víctor Alfredo Contreras Ugarte
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Academic Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
The One ◽  
Descriptive Method

Summary: Reflecting on the role humans take into nowadays society, should be of interest in all our social reflections, even for those that refer to the field of law. Any human indifferent and unconscious of the social role that he ought to play within society, as a member of it, is an irresponsible human detached from everything that surrounds him, regarding matters and other humans. Trying to isolate in an irresponsible, passive and comfortable attitude, means, after all, denying oneself, denying our nature, as the social being every human is. This is the reflection that this academic work entitles, the one made from the point of view of the Italian philosopher Rodolfo Mondolfo. From a descriptive development, starting from this renowned author, I will develop ideas that will warn the importance that human protagonism have, in this human product so call society. From a descriptive development, from this well-known author, I will be prescribing ideas that will warn the importance of the protagonism that all human beings have, in that human product that we call society. I have used the descriptive method to approach the positions of the Italian humanist philosopher and, for my assessments, I have used the prescriptive method from an eminently critical and deductive procedural position. My goal is to demonstrate, from the humanist postulates of Rodolfo Mondolfo, the hypothesis about the leading, decision-making and determining role that the human being has within society. I understand, to have reached the demonstration of the aforementioned hypothesis, because, after the analyzed, there is no doubt, that the human being is not one more existence in the development of societies; its role is decisive in determining the human present and the future that will house the next societies and generations of our historical future.

Responsibility and the Moral Subject

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-150
Author(s):  
Gerald McKenny
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moral Subject ◽  
The One ◽  
Taking Responsibility

For Barth, responsibility is the characteristic feature of the human being as the hearer of God’s command. In its address to human beings, God’s command constitutes them as subjects who are answerable to it. Jesus Christ is the one to whom the command of God is addressed and who answers it; as such, he is the responsible subject on behalf of and in the place of other human beings. Yet in taking responsibility for other human beings in this way, God also makes them responsible—for being in their conduct those for whom God has taken responsibility. Insofar as God has taken responsibility for our responsibility, Barth rejects the tendency of modern responsibility to presume that everything is up to us. Yet insofar as God also makes us responsible, and thereby constitutes us as subjects, Barth retains another key feature of modern responsibility, which is its urgency. While answerability or accountability is the key aspect of responsibility, Barth also leaves room for the imputability of actions to agents and the liability of persons for the effects of their actions. One problem with Barth’s account of responsibility is that his insistence that we are constituted as responsible from outside ourselves, by God’s command, he leaves unclear how it is truly we who are responsible. Another problem is that if we are made responsible by the responsibility Jesus Christ has taken for us, it appears that only Christians know themselves to be responsible.

scholarly journals Captive and Free: An Interpretation of Human Reality in the Novels of Joyce Cary

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Imam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Research Paper ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Reality

The novelist, Joyce Cary, appears to accept human being as free, who is apparently captive, his footing on which his art of novel writing is constructed. It is his one of the inspirations and his source of creation. He projects society as the background of his novels. Protagonists and other characters find themselves at odds with the society. A consistency between free and captive has been very much schematic throughout the novels presenting his point of view. Consequences start moving from intuition to concept. His characters are flat as well as round ones. Moreover, they are free as well as captive. They are peopled with two types of human beings who may be termed as the captive and the free. However, they are real. They are humane. The wholeness of objectivity is very much schematic. The artist in Cary tries to cut deep through the encrustations of facts and life to get at the heart of the truth and reality. However, reality, human reality, appears to be perceptive. Hence, this research paper tries to investigate the purpose of the reality of society in general and reality of human beings in particular. It aims at finding out what reality is for the novelist in question. How the novelist perceives it. In addition, how the different characters of his novels do experience the reality of life?

scholarly journals Who is the sinner? The view of Karl Barth

2007 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J. Van Zyl
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
Karl Barth ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Death Of Jesus ◽  
The Cross

This article focuses on Karl Barth’s view of the human being as sinner. In accordance with his christological approach to all theological matters, the article aims to argue that Barth describes the image and character of the sinner as mirrored by the obedient suffering and vicarious death of Jesus Christ on the cross in the place of all sinners of all times – past, present and future. According to Barth, the price that God paid in surrendering God’s only Son to such suffering indicates the enormous guilt and existence of every sinner. All human beings are hopelessly in debt and can only be delivered from sin through God’s graceful remission of sin.

Narrative Christology and the Son of Man: What the Markan Jesus Says Instead

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Struthers Malbon
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
White Light ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Implied Author ◽  
Son Of God ◽  
Son Of Man ◽  
The Way

AbstractFrom the point of view of "narrative christology," not only does the Markan Jesus attempt to deflect attention and honor away from himself and toward God, but he also refracts—or bends—the "christologies" of other characters and the narrator. The image comes from the way a prism refracts "white" light and thus shows its spectral colors. When a thing is bent and looked at from another angle, something different appears. The most obvious way in which the Markan Jesus bends the "christologies" of others is by his statements about the "Son of Man," especially in juxtaposition with "christological titles" offered by other characters and the narrator. No other character or the narrator speaks of the "Son of Man," thus "Son of Man" depicts the Markan Jesus' distinctive point of view. The implied author of Mark challenges the implied audience to deal with the tension between an assertive narrator who proclaims "Jesus Christ, the Son of God" and a reticent Jesus who deflects attention and honor, challenges traditional views, and insistently proclaims not himself but God. To resolve the tension in favor of the narrator (as does Kingsbury) or in favor of the Markan Jesus (as does Naluparyil) would be to flatten the implied author's multi-dimensional narrative and its multi-layered "christology." The implied author of Mark sets up this tension to draw in the implied audienc —not to resolve the tension but to enable hearing of the story of Jesus in its full complexity and mystery.

scholarly journals Reestablishing the Analytical Thinking of Students: A Buddhist Solution to Modern Educational Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kustiani
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Educational Crisis ◽  
Analytical Thinking ◽  
The Mind

Education is important aspect for human beings. Education can be done formally or informally. In Buddhist point of view, education should be done as long as the life of a person. It is done throughout the samsaric journey until someone becomes an enlightened one, becoming a non learner (asekha). In the modern education, various facilities are provided to produce a very good graduate. However this easy access is challenged by the emergence of bad habit of students i.e. copying and pasting data from internet without doing analysis.The solution to this bad habit has to be found because it will cut off the analytical thinking of students. The lack of analytical skill makes student become unproductive in many aspects. As the result, they are not having the ability to think comprehensively, and not having the ability to raise a new idea or to solve the problem correctly. That is why many students are just keeping silent in the class without able to rise or to answer question Human is a being with a higher mind than animal. Human being is called manussa in Pali term. Literally, manussa means “higher mind”. It means that a human being has special ability to understand matter relating to the past, present and future by comparing and contrasting well. This definition also indicates that the mind of human can be developed until its maximum capacity, intellectually or spiritually. This article try to explore some alternatives ways in managing modern education to obtain maximum intellectual and spiritual goal for millennial generations.

scholarly journals “O homem assumido”: uma ‘teo-antropologia’ de Duns Scotus

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (272) ◽  
pp. 832
Author(s):  
Johannes Baptist Freyer
Keyword(s):  
Jesus Christ ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
The Creation

Qual a imagem que Duns Scotus se faz de ser humano? Respondendo, o Autor a situa em sua visão teológica da Criação: Deus criou o ser humano na e para a liberdade, vale dizer, por puro amor e com a possibilidade dele responder livre e gratuitamente. Desta liberdade de Deus deriva, pois, a liberdade do ser humano, sua autonomia e seu ser pessoa. E a plena realização encontra-a em Jesus Cristo, enquanto plenamente assumido por Deus e enquanto, por sua igualmente plena entrega ao Pai, se dedica amorosa e totalmente aos outros e a todas as criaturas.Abstract: What is the image that Duns Scotus makes of the human being? In answer, the Author places it in his theological view of the Creation: God created the human beings free and for freedom, that is to say, from sheer love and giving them the possibility of answering freely and gratuitously. From this freedom from God derives, therefore, the freedom of human beings, their autonomy and their being a person. And the plenitude of fulfillment they find in Jesus Christ as a being completely assumed by God and who, in view of his equally complete surrender to the Father, devoted himself lovingly and totally to the other human beings and to all creatures.

scholarly journals LIBERATION AND EMPOWERMENT OR DEBAUCHERY AND EMBOLDENED, IN ANTHROPOECOLOGY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3(37)) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Chacon Anchondo Leonel
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Laws Of Nature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Natural Laws ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

From first writings, a suspiciousness of women is shown towards where the relationship between woman and man (Eve and Adam) is directed. A great historian said: «as soon as women begin to be equal, they will be superior», [Tito Livio, 59 BC. — 17 AD.]. And it is precisely there the error, woman and man, are not equal, each one has its qualities to complement each other, but unfortunately, they have been used to compete for a power that no one can maintain, but it destroys relationships and societies. These sometimes pendular behaviors are contextualized from point of view of Anthropoecology. Feminism is one more current of many there are; Although its purposes are fair and reasonable, it must take care that liberation do not turn into debauchery and empowerment into emboldening, and eliminating millions of femicides that are practiced annually by abortions. Perhaps due to paradigms of interest or because we have become mentally ill, human being has not taken on the task of identifying and defining the laws of nature that should govern their behavior. Animals instinctively only take what is necessary to live, they do not accumulate. Human being because of his greed, takes more than necessary and accumulates, without obeying natural laws. Human being due to his intellectual qualities, is the most destructive and libertine animal. Mistakenly, a competition has been created; influenced by some intellectuals and thinkers, where ideas of all kinds of competition originate, unfortunately in a not very positive way, which are disseminated by the media. Most people say «in this troubled world», excluding themselves from their responsibility for what happen. Way in which concepts are exposed is with intention of questioning, not attacking, to induce a reflection and a reaction on our wrong attitude, evidenced by undeniable problems that we have as a society and damage caused to environment. Only a positive formative education will correct damage that human beings have inflicted on themselves for millennia.

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