The Coral of Death

Nuncius ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ottaviani
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The aim of this essay is to show the existence of a substantial discontinuity between the Kunst- und Wunderkammern phenomenon and the practice of both eclectic and specialised collecting in the 18th century. A more detailed examination of the cases of fossils and corals, particularly the way they wove in and out of the differing rationales of collecting in the 17th and 18th centuries, brings to light how elusive their relationship was with the history of the notion of temporality. Subsequently, Lamarck and Darwin were to provide a conclusion to the temporality debate when they completed the historisation of nature.

scholarly journals Néhány megjegyzés Heltai imádságos könyvének utóéletéről

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihály Balázs
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Considerable Length ◽  
The Way

Although in recent years there has been an upsurge in the research of the history of early modern spirituality, this research has paid hardly any attention to the Unitarian denomination. The reasons for this lie beyond the scope of the present study: between the late 16th century and the late 18th century the denomination had to refrain from the use of printing, and thus, the manuscript versions of prayer texts were threatened by loss and destruction. It is a unique paradox, however, that the first edited protestant Hungarian prayer book of considerable length was published precisely by this denomination in 1570/1571. The first part of the paper explores the concept of the prayer book based on Johann Habermann’s famous Gebetbüchlein, and compares it to the greatest achievements of the same sort within this period, the Catholic Péter Pázmány’s and the Calvinist Albert Szenci Molnár’s works. This section is followed by a survey of the vivid reception of Heltai’s work, with particular focus on the way the Unitarian author’s work was used in the Lutheran community of Lőcse. The concluding part argues that building on the foundations of this tradition, as well as on the heritage of Calvinist prayer culture, an unparalleled Unitarian prayer literature developed in the 17th-18th centuries, which deserves the attention of comparative research.

Continuity and Intuition in Eighteenth-Century Analysis and in Kant

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-186
Author(s):  
Daniel Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Analysis ◽  
The Continuum ◽  
Interesting Account ◽  
The Way

This chapter considers the status of geometrical and kinematic representations in the foundations of 18th century analysis and in Kant’s understanding of those foundations. It has two aims. First, relying on relatively recent reassessments of the history of analysis, it will attempt to bring forward a more accurate account of intuitive representation in 18th century analysis and the relation between British and Continental mathematics. Second, it will give a better account of Kant’s place in that history. The result shows that although Kant did no better at navigating the labyrinth of the continuum than his contemporaries, he had a more interesting and reasonable account of the foundations of analysis than an easy reading of either Kant or that history provides. It also permits a more accurate and interesting account of how and when a conception of foundations of analysis without intuitive representations emerged, and how that paved the way for Bolzano and Cauchy.

scholarly journals ‚Rasse‘ – zur sprachlichen Konstruktion einer Ausgrenzungsstrategie

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Anja Lobenstein-Reichmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract Racism is a social practice not only of present days. It has a long tradition. Regarding the history of racism, it is obvious that its concept is not based on biological knowledge and perception. Quite the contrary, it is the result of a verbal and social construction that appeared in the 18th century at the latest. This article focuses on the way this construction was and still is implemented in discourses of modern societies. Especially “degradation ceremonies” (Garfinkel, below) will be taken into account when observing historical examples.

Osservazioni sulle fonti luterane della controversia De notitia Dei naturali insita in infantibus

2009 ◽  
pp. 449-467
Author(s):  
Roberto Bordoli
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Key Words ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Theological Thinking ◽  
Innate Idea ◽  
The Way ◽  
Idea Of God

Starting from a passage of Adam Steuart's refutation of Descartes' Notae in programma quoddam, this essay reconstructs the debate on the innate idea of God in infants (incorrectly attributed to Descartes by Steuart, who was a Calvinist) that took place in Lutheran-oriented philosophy and theology between the end of the 16th and the middle of the 18th century. It is shown that one of the most common questions in modern philosophy is closely connected with theological thinking - in this case Lutheran - from the formulation of the dogmatic systems up until their criticism by the Enlightenment. Also explained is the way in which the reception of Cartesianism was singularly influenced by the various backgrounds and the different and continuously changing polemical goals that inspired each author. In fact, Descartes was even accused of being a Lutheran.Key words: History of modern philosophy, History of Protestant theology, History of Cartesianism, History of Lutheranism, Reception of Cartesianism.

scholarly journals Party Political Course and Ukrainian History in the USSR

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakov Lazarev
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Academic Journal ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Academic Texts ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

This article offers contextual analysis of unpublished editorials from one of the issues of Voprosy Istorii academic journal, published in 1955. The issue focuses on the problems of studying the history of Ukraine and was written by N. L. Rubinstein, an outstanding Soviet historian and historiographer. The historian discusses the problems related to the history of Ukraine between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries, as well as the formulation of the academic heritage of pre-revolutionary historians and the “school” of M. S. Grushevsky. The need to overcome a dependence on the conceptual heritage of “Ukrainian bourgeois-nationalist historiography”, which, according to the historian, practically leveled the achievements of Ukrainian scholars, is a red thread through the article. A kind of “familiar track effect” caused significant gaps in the study of Ukrainian 17th- and 18th-century history, as well as the dominance of negative assessments in understanding the process of integration of Ukraine into the Russian state. For the first time in Soviet historical science, the unpublished editorial voiced the need to overcome the monopoly on the study of Ukrainian history held exclusively by institutions of the Ukrainian SSR. In this regard, Rubinstein paid special attention to the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which, in his view, had to be transformed into a key organisational centre for future research. All this suggests a potential divide in the academic study of Ukrainian history in the USSR and its conceptual rethinking, since Rubinstein was highlighting existing research issues. Via the case study of the unpublished Rubinstein editorial, the author demonstrates how the production of academic texts and regulation of research in the USSR were closely intertwined with administrative academic positions and personal connections of Moscow academics and Ukrainian historians (sometimes informally). Under these conditions, the directives of the party leadership at the centre and in the provinces fell into a certain dependence on the internal organsation of the academic community. Existing personal connections opened the way for a kind of academic lobbyism. This kind of lobbying paved the way for the entry of controversial ideas, interpretations, and conceptions that did not fit into the existing ideological framework in the difficult political conditions of the day.

Shrines, Medicines, and the Strength of the Head: the Way of the Warrior Among the Diola of Senegambia

Numen ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Baum
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Normal Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Normal Life Span ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe history of warfare has long be associated with a variety of religious practices designed to lessen the likelihood of death and enhance the possibility of victory. Warriors enter a world where the expectation of a normal life span is challenged by the death of comrades and where martial skill cannot ensure survival. This paper examines the way in which the Diola of Senegambia used religious practices and ideas to lessen the uncertainty of war during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. Diola warriors sought the assistance of spirit shrines to lessen the uncertainties and dangers of war. There are strong parallels between the types of ritual employed by Diola warriors and Diola wrestlers, who share a common mission of eliminating risks. These parallels are discussed briefly before a detailed examination of Diola rituals related to war, the types of ritual prophylaxis utilized by warriors, and the types of Diola (as well as Christian and Muslim) medicines used for spiritual protection. Several specific war shrines are described as well as the means by which they were created. Finally, the article discusses the "strength of the head", special powers that enable warriors to protect themselves from harm, evade capture, and even transform themselves into certain types of animals. The article concludes with an analysis of the impact of colonial wars, with their greater firepower and more far-reaching consequences, on the connections between religion and the Diola way of the warrior. A central part of the spiritual crisis accompanying the colonial conquest, not only for the Diola but for many other African peoples, was the defeat of the religious structures that provided spiritual support for the way of the warrior.

scholarly journals Struktura i finanse gminy ormiańskiej we Lwowie w świetle rękopisu "Dzieje Ormian lwowskich od r. 1649 – aż do r. 1713" (Ossolineum nr 1646/II)

Lehahayer ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 5-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Kopczyński
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The Structure and the Finances of the Armenian Community in Lwów in the Light of the “History of Lwów Armenians from 1649 until 1731” Manuscript (Ossolineum no 1646/II)Armenians from 1649 until 1713”, which is a part of the collections of the Ossolineum library, contains a great deal of information about the Armenian community in Lwów (now: Lviv) in the second half of the 17th century and at the beginning of the 18th century. On the basis of this source the author examines the administrative and social structure of the community as well as the way in which the requirements of this community were financed. Owing to the comprehensive registers featured in the second part of the manuscript, which were drawn up due to the imposition of contributions on Lwów by a foreign army in 1648 and 1704, the author also traces the changing number of the population and the estate-related stratification of the community in the period of about half a century.

scholarly journals Nie tylko kurs historii naturalnej. Księżnej Anny Jabłonowskiej zbiór „wszystkich przedmiotów dociekań rozumu człowieka”

2021 ◽  
pp. 137-160
Author(s):  
Iwona Arabas ◽  
Larysa Bondar ◽  
Lidia Czechowicz
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Human Reason ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Natural History Collections ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Way

Not Only a Natural History Course. Duchess Anna Jabłonowska’s “Collection of All Objects of Human Reason Inquiries” One of the richest natural history collections in Europe at the end of the 18th century was the Cabinet of Natural History of Duchess Anna Jabłonowska née Sapieha (1728–1800) in Siemiatycze. In 1802, the collection was purchased by Tsar Alexander I and handed over to the University in Moscow (where it burned down in 1812). It was only possible to recreate the richness of the collection and the way it was taken over after the sales documents had been found in 2008 in the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. However, some documents were illegible, and it was only in 2020 that the entire documentation was read. It revealed a completely different image of the collection than expected, as in one part the collection refers to cabinets of curiosities. The article is the first publication in Polish on Anna Jabłonowska’s “art cabinet”, with translations of the lists of exhibits by Count Stanisław Sołtyk (from French) and by V.M. Severgin and A.F. Sevastyanov (from Russian).

Rorschach Assessment of Complex Trauma in Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-41
Author(s):  
David Ephraim
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Traumatic Events ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract. A history of complex trauma or exposure to multiple traumatic events of an interpersonal nature, such as abuse, neglect, and/or major attachment disruptions, is unfortunately common in youth referred for psychological assessment. The way these adolescents approach the Rorschach task and thematic contents they provide often reflect how such experiences have deeply affected their personality development. This article proposes a shift in perspective in the interpretation of protocols of adolescents who suffered complex trauma with reference to two aspects: (a) the diagnostic relevance of avoidant or emotionally constricted Rorschach protocols that may otherwise appear of little use, and (b) the importance of danger-related thematic contents reflecting the youth’s sense of threat, harm, and vulnerability. Regarding this last aspect, the article reintroduces the Preoccupation with Danger Index ( DI). Two cases are presented to illustrate the approach.

EPITAFIES OF THE RELATIVES OF HADJI IBRAHIM AL-URADI AS A SOURCE ON THE BIOGRAPHY OF THE SCIENTIST AND ON THE HISTORY OF GIDATL

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Sh M Khapizov ◽  
M G Shekhmagomedov
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Medieval History ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arabic Script ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
The Look ◽  
Cultural Monuments ◽  
Written Sources

The article is devoted to the study of inscriptions on the gravestones of Haji Ibrahim al-Uradi, his father, brothers and other relatives. The information revealed during the translation of these inscriptions allows one to date important events from the history of Highland Dagestan. Also we can reconsider the look at some important events from the past of Hidatl. Epitaphs are interesting in and of themselves, as historical and cultural monuments that needed to be studied and attributed. Research of epigraphy data monuments clarifies periodization medieval epitaphs mountain Dagestan using record templates and features of the Arabic script. We see the study of medieval epigraphy as one of the important tasks of contemporary Caucasian studies facing Dagestani researchers. Given the relatively weak illumination of the picture of events of that period in historical sources, comprehensive work in this direction can fill gaps in our knowledge of the medieval history of Dagestan. In addition, these epigraphs are of great importance for researchers of onomastics, linguistics, the history of culture and religion of Dagestan. The authors managed to clarify the date of death of Ibrahim-Haji al-Uradi, as well as his two sons. These data, the attraction of written sources and legends allowed the reconstruction of the events of the second half of the 18th century. For example, because of the epidemic of plague and the death of most of the population of Hidatl, this society noticeably weakened and could no longer maintain its influence on Akhvakh. The attraction of memorable records allowed us to specify the dates of the Ibrahim-Haji pilgrimage to Mecca and Medina, as well as the route through which he traveled to these cities.

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