An Analysis of the Rug-Washing Ceremony in Mashhad-e Ardehāl, Kāshān

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-221
Author(s):  
Sayyed Mahmood Sadat Bidgoli ◽  
Matthew Melvin-Koushki
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Religious Ceremony

Abstract The Iranian religious ceremony of rug-washing (qāli-shuyān), commemorating the martyrdom of Emāmzāda Soltān-ʿAli b. Mohammad Bāqer (d. 734/116), is held every year in the second week of autumn in Mashhad-e Ardehāl, a village of Kāshān, Esfahān Province. This ceremony is unique amongst Twelver Shiʿis for its observance in accordance with the solar calendar rather than the lunar. The objective of the present article is to analyze this ceremony and explain its features. The necessary data for this research have been collected from fieldwork on the historical geography of the region and related historical documents. In the analysis of this ceremony, attention is paid to its time, place, and mode of performance. This study suggests that the rug-washing ceremony is at least partly descended from an ancient Mithraic ritual, to which some Zoroastrian features were added in the pre-Islamic period, such as the limiting of its performance to priests; during the Islamic era, ritual Shiʿi elements were further added thereto. As currently performed, this ceremony, exclusive to Ardehāl and dating to the Qajar and possibly Safavid periods, thus bears certain similarities to rituals performed at Karbalāʾ.

scholarly journals QUESTÕES TEÓRICAS E TENDÊNCIAS DA GEOGRAFIA HISTÓRICA

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Patrício Aureliano Silva Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Time History ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Spatial Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time

Resumo: Um dos grandes desafios dos estudos históricos reside na incorporação e análise dos processos espaciais e dos elementos territoriais responsáveis por influenciar as temporalidades e os eventos e por modelar e organizar o espaço no passado. No presente artigo, procuramos salientar a importância dessa articulação, discorrendo sobre as inter-relações entre as categorias tempo e espaço, história e geografia. Com base em bibliografia anglo-saxônica, revisamos os aspectos conceituais da geografia histórica, a contribuição dos principais estudiosos e as novas tendências e desafios desse plano de abordagem.Palavras-chave: Geografia e história. Geografia histórica. Teoria e metodologia. THEORY AND TRENDS OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHYAbstract: One of the most significant challenges in the historical studies lies in the incorporation and analysis of spatial processes and territorial elements which influence temporality and events, as well as fashion and organize space in the past. The present article aims at emphasizing the importance of such relation as well as the connections between space and time, history and geography. Based on Anglo-Saxon bibliography, we review the conceptual aspects of historical geography, the most prominent authors’ contributions along with the new trends and challenges of this approach plan.Keywords: Geography and History. Historical Geography. Theory and Methodology. QUESTIONS THÉORIQUES ET TENDANCES DE LA GÉOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUERésumé: L’un des grands défis des études historiques, réside, dans l’incorporation et l’analyse des processus spatiaux et des éléments territoriaux responsables d’influencer les temporalités et les événements, et de modéliser et organiser l’espace dans le passé. Dans cet article, nous essayons de souligner l’importance de cette articulation, en discutant les interrelations entre le temps et l’espace, l’histoire et la géographie. Sur la base de la bibliographie anglo-saxonne, nous passons en revue les aspects conceptuels de la géographie historique, la contribution des principaux chercheurs et les nouvelles tendances et défis de ce plan d’approche.Mots-clés: Géographie et histoire. Géographie historique. Théorie et méthodologie.

The legacy of J.þþR. Firth: A report on recent research

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 165-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Rébori
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Different Sources

SUMMARY The present paper is a report on research on the British linguist John Rupert Firth (1890–1960) carried out in Britain during the academic year 2000–2001. It sketches some characteristics of Firth’s personality, scholarly life and thinking based on two kinds of different sources: the testimonies of people who were close to him and recently found historical documents. The main contribution of this paper is to furnish fresh data about Firth’s biography with particular reference to the question of how he became interested in the science of language.RÉSUMÉ Le présent article est un rapport de recherche dont le sujet est la vie et l’oeuvre du linguiste britannique John Rupert Firth (1890–1960). On présente les résultats de la recherche que l’auteur a menée en Grande Bretagne pendant l’année académique 2000–2001. Quelques caractéristiques de la personnalité de Firth, aussi bien que de sa vie et de sa pensée scientifique sont esquissées. Deux sources sont à la base du présent rapport: les témoignages des personnes qui l’ont connu et des documents récemment retrouvés. La contribution principale de ce rapport est d’ajouter de nouvelles données à la biographie de Firth, et en particulier, à l’intinéraire intellectuelle de Firth qui l’a amené à la science du langage.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Beitrag ist ein Bericht über Nachforschungen zu Leben und Werk des britischen Sprachwissenschaftlers John Rupert Firth (1890–1960), die während des akademischen Jahres 2000–2001 in Grossbritannien durchgeführt wurden. Im wesentlichen wird Firths Persönlichkeit und Werdegang auf Grundlage von zwei unterschiedlichen Quellensorten skizziert: Zeugnisse von Personen, die Firth nahe standen, und erst kürzlich aufgefundene Schriftstücke. Das Hauptanliegen dieses Beitrags ist es, neue Fakten zu Firths Biographie zu liefern, und zwar insbesondere unter der Fragestellung, wie sich Firths Interesse an Sprache und Sprachwissenschaft entwickelt hat.

scholarly journals Three Preconfederation Painters of the Canadian City, Part II, James Duncan

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-195
Author(s):  
Jon Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Critical Sociology ◽  
City Life ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Canadian City

James Cockburn, James Duncan and Joseph Légaré were the foremost painters of pre-Confederation Canadian cityscape and city life. Their work may be treated as cultural artifacts, linked to and suggesting insights about the period's social life; as aesthetic objects within the semi-autonomous realm of "art," to be treated within the context of critical sociology; or as historical documents offering direct evidence about pre-Confederation urban physical and social landscape. The present article emphasizes the first approach, while also indicating some directions for inquiry within the second and third approaches.

scholarly journals Gênese e dimensões da rede de vilas e núcleos de ocupação na Bahia no setecentos

GeoTextos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gil Carlos Silveira Porto
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Urban Studies ◽  
Urban Geography ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
The City ◽  
The Church

A recomposição de uma geografia histórica tem sido feita por muitos pesquisadores no âmbito da ciência geográfica. Dentre os estudos realizados nessa perspectiva, aqueles voltados aos estudos urbanos são realizados com maior frequência, embora haja maior dificuldade à medida que se volta mais no tempo. O presente artigo é uma contribuição aos estudos da geografia urbana histórica na Bahia, cujo objetivo principal é discutir a formação de uma rede de assentamentos densa no setecentos, para além do Recôncavo Baiano. A consulta a relatos de viajantes, documentos estatísticos históricos, relatórios dos presidentes da província da Bahia e mapas históricos auxiliou na recomposição dessa rede pretérita, além do acesso a livros, artigos, dissertações e teses que dispunham de informações sobre o quadro demográfico, econômico e social da província da Bahia. As condições naturais, a presença da monarquia lusitana e da Igreja, a existência de caminhos, bem como a dinâmica populacional e econômica evidenciam o processo de formação dessa rede no período da mineração dos sertões baianos, tendo sido Rio de Contas e Jacobina nós dessa incipiente rede. Abstract GENESIS AND DIMENSIONS OF THE NETWORK OF VILLAGES AND NUCLEI OF SETTLEMENTS IN BAHIA IN THE 1700s The reconstitution of a historical geography has been done by many researchers within geographical science. Among the studies conducted with this approach, those aimed at urban studies are conducted with a frequent scope, although there are more difficulties as they go back further in time. The present article is a contribution to the studies of historical urban geography in Bahia, and its main purpose is to discuss the formation of a dense settlements network in the 1700s, beyond the Recôncavo Baiano, the region surrounding the city of Salvador and Todos os Santos Bay. The investigation of travel memoirs, historical statistics, Bahia Provincial Presidential Reports and historical maps, as well as books, articles, dissertation and theses that provided an overview of the demographic, economic and social situation in the Province of Bahia, aided to reconstitute this bygone network. Natural conditions, the presence of Lusitanian Monarchy and the Church, the existence of paths, and also population and economic dynamics are evidence of the process of formation of this network in the mining period in the backcountry of Bahia, in which Rio de Contas and Jacobina were important villages in this incipient network.

scholarly journals Three Preconfederation Painters of the Canadian City, Part I, James Cockburn

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Critical Sociology ◽  
City Life ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Canadian City

James Cockburn, James Duncan and Joseph Légaré were the foremost painters of pre-Confederation Canadian cityscape and city life. Their work may be treated as cultural artifacts, linked to and suggesting insights about the period's social life; as aesthetic objects within the semi-autonomous realm of "art", to be treated with in the context of critical sociology; or as historical documents offering direct evidence about pre-Confederation urban physical and social landscape. The present article emphasizes the first approach, while also indicating some directions for inquiry within the second and third approaches.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Formation and Change of Urban-Spatial Organization in Ahar City of Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-269
Author(s):  
Ahad Ebrahimi ◽  
Bagher Asl
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Northwest Of Iran ◽  
Historical Writings ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

Ahar is name of a historical city located in northwest of Iran. The existing documents and historical writings along with some inscriptions, architectural and archeological monuments within the city and its suburbs all indicate the historic antiquity of this city. From the pre-Islamic period, little information is available about Ahar. Some sites such as the Jame mosque of Seljuk period and Sheik Shahab Aldin Ahary’s complex indicate that it was a developed city in the Islamic period. The aim of this investigation is the identification of the factors affecting on the urban evolution process in different historical periods. The spatial organization of Ahar has been developed within the Islamic period, but the hypothesis of research is the indications of pre-Islamic period are in the present-day location of it. The question of research is: what were the components affecting the formation and development of the spatial-urban organization of Ahar? This investigation is a basic research which utilizes the descriptive-analytic method based on the analysis of historical documents’ contents. The necessary information has been obtained through library and field studies. The research results show the following: the formation of Ahar dates back to the pre-Islamic period. Based on some historical documents and narratives, the location of the initial core of the city is considered to have been in the vicinity of the historical graveyard of the city; and since the reign of Islam, the city has developed around the core, yet at some periods of time in the course of history, the city has undergone locational changes and has developed toward the northern and western grounds.

scholarly journals The Representation of Yemeni Culture in Early 20th Century British Travel Writings

2021 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Bandar Mannaa ◽  
Naima Benlarabi
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Travel Writings ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Freya Stark

The present article seeks to analyze the representation of Yemeni culture in early 20th century British travel writings. It questions the British travel writings as merely stereotypical texts or regard them as vital historical documents. This article also tries to locate different themes that have been deploying by British writers in the respective period. The chosen works are by Harold Ingrams (1937) and Freya Stark (1948), which have shown different features about the relationship between Yemeni culture and the British attitude. I used the postcolonial theory and Orientalism as approaches to analyze the works under examination. In the analysis, I argued that a writer’s choice for language and content entails a lot of differences, which reflects the location of Yemeni culture in the eyes of the Western encounters, particularly British travelers’ accounts. Finally, I revealed how two writers have portrayed Yemeni culture, its land, people, and presented diverse images of Yemen to emphasize my assumption that British travel writings on Yemen are both diverse and complex in their representation.

scholarly journals Three Preconfederation Painters of the Canadian City. Part III. Joseph Légaré

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-285
Author(s):  
Jon Caulfield
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Critical Sociology ◽  
City Life ◽  
Social Landscape ◽  
Canadian City

James Cockburn, James Duncan and Joseph Légaré were the foremost painters of pre-Confederation Canadian cityscape and city life. Their work may be treated as cultural artifacts, linked to and suggesting insights about the period's social life; as aesthetic objects within the semi-autonomous realm of "art," to be treated within the context of critical sociology; or as historical documents offering direct evidence about pre-Confederation urban physical and social landscape. The present article emphasizes the first approach, while also indicating some directions for inquiry within the second and third approaches.

QUESTÕES TEÓRICAS E TENDÊNCIAS DA GEOGRAFIA HISTÓRICA

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (42) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Patrício Aureliano Silva Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Time History ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Spatial Processes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time

Resumo: Um dos grandes desafios dos estudos históricos reside na incorporação e análise dos processos espaciais e dos elementos territoriais responsáveis por influenciar as temporalidades e os eventos e por modelar e organizar o espaço no passado. No presente artigo, procuramos salientar a importância dessa articulação, discorrendo sobre as inter-relações entre as categorias tempo e espaço, história e geografia. Com base em bibliografia anglo-saxônica, revisamos os aspectos conceituais da geografia histórica, a contribuição dos principais estudiosos e as novas tendências e desafios desse plano de abordagem.Palavras-chave: Geografia e história. Geografia histórica. Teoria e metodologia. THEORY AND TRENDS OF HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHYAbstract: One of the most significant challenges in the historical studies lies in the incorporation and analysis of spatial processes and territorial elements which influence temporality and events, as well as fashion and organize space in the past. The present article aims at emphasizing the importance of such relation as well as the connections between space and time, history and geography. Based on Anglo-Saxon bibliography, we review the conceptual aspects of historical geography, the most prominent authors’ contributions along with the new trends and challenges of this approach plan.Keywords: Geography and History. Historical Geography. Theory and Methodology. QUESTIONS THÉORIQUES ET TENDANCES DE LA GÉOGRAPHIE HISTORIQUERésumé: L’un des grands défis des études historiques, réside, dans l’incorporation et l’analyse des processus spatiaux et des éléments territoriaux responsables d’influencer les temporalités et les événements, et de modéliser et organiser l’espace dans le passé. Dans cet article, nous essayons de souligner l’importance de cette articulation, en discutant les interrelations entre le temps et l’espace, l’histoire et la géographie. Sur la base de la bibliographie anglo-saxonne, nous passons en revue les aspects conceptuels de la géographie historique, la contribution des principaux chercheurs et les nouvelles tendances et défis de ce plan d’approche.Mots-clés: Géographie et histoire. Géographie historique. Théorie et méthodologie.

scholarly journals To the Historical Geography of Ossetia: The Historical Region of Khokh

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-225
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Dzitstsoity ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
Initial Element ◽  
Old Persian ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Descriptive Names

The present article advocates that the oronym Khokhis K’avk’asi “the Khokh Caucasus,” catalogued by the Georgian geographer Vakhushty in the beginning of the 18th century as the name for the Side Ridge in Central Ossetia, corresponds to the historical and geographical region of Khokh, known from the toponymic, folklore and ethnographic sources of the 20th century. The oronym Khokh (“mountain”) has left a distinctive mark in the works of the Ossetian writers — natives of that region. In South Ossetia, the same oronym applies to the Main Caucasian Ridge, which has urged the author to explain this inconsistency. Besides, the Nart Epic of the Ossets also speaks of a mountainous land Akhokhayi Khokh raided by the heroes. One of the sources of the 14th century mentions the Alan province Akhokhiya. As it is evident that both toponyms refer to the region Khokh, the author deeemed necessary to explain the recurrent initial element A- in them. The author refutes the version of its Circassian origin suggesting an etymological link with Proto-Iranian prefix *ā-, one of the meanings of which is that of the preposition “on.” The general meaning of the toponym A-Khokh is thus “upland.” A typological parallel to it is the Old Persian toponym *Ākaufaka ‘Kohistan’ that consists of the same prefix *ā-, Old Persian kaufa ‘mountain,’ and a suffix. As the prefix а- fell out of free use leaving its trail only in a number of etymologically obscure toponyms of Ossetia, A-Khokh (Akhokhiya) is one of the oldest toponyms correlating to the descriptive names of the Alan province Mons in terra Alanorum and montes Alanorum mentioned in the medieval sources.

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