The Effect of Some Organic Additives Upon a Soil Nematode Population and Associated Natural Enemies

SummaryPlant parasitic nematodes (PPN) are important pests of numerous agricultural crops especially vegetables, able to cause remarkable yield losses correlated to soil nematode population densities at sowing or transplant. The concern on environmental risks, stemming from the use of chemical pesticides acting as nematicides, compels to their replacement with more sustainable pest control strategies. To verify the effect of aqueous extracts of the agro-industry waste coffee silverskin (CS) and brewers’ spent grain (BSG) on the widespread root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita, and on the physiology of tomato plants, a pot experiment was carried out in a glasshouse at 25 ± 2 °C. The possible phytotoxicity of CS and BSG extracts was assessed on garden cress seeds. Tomato plants (landrace of Apulia Region) were transplanted in an artificial nematode infested soil with an initial population density of 3.17 eggs and juveniles/mL soil. CS and BSG were applied at rates of 50 and 100 % (1L/pot). Untreated and Fenamiphos EC 240 (nematicide) (0.01 μL a.i./mL soil) treated plants were used as controls. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and chlorophyll content of tomato plants were estimated during the experiment. CS extract, at both doses, significantly reduced nematode population in comparison to the untreated control, although it was less effective than Fenamiphos. BSG extract did not reduce final nematode population compared to the control. Ten days after the first treatment, CS 100 %, BSG 50 % and BSG 100% elicited the highest ROS values, which considerably affected the growth of tomato plants in comparison to the untreated plants. The control of these pests is meeting with difficulties because of the current national and international regulations in force, which are limiting the use of synthetic nematicides. Therefore, CS extracts could assume economic relevance, as alternative products to be used in sustainable strategies for nematode management.

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Impact of biochar amendment on soil nematode communities in a West African rain-fed rice cropland

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10121 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Segun O. Oladele ◽

Adebayo Adeyemo ◽

Moses Awodun ◽

Ajoke Adegaye ◽

Mariko Ingold

Keyword(s):

Trophic Group ◽

West African ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Trophic Groups ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Study Results ◽

Inorganic Fertiliser ◽

Plant Parasitic

Summary Nematode population and diversity in a West African rain-fed rice cropland amended with biochar (B), biochar plus inorganic fertiliser (B + NPK), inorganic fertiliser (NPK) and control (CK) without amendments were investigated in a 3-year field study. Results demonstrated that significant differences exist between treatments and years of study for total nematode population and nematode trophic groups. Total nematode density, nematode trophic group (bacterivore and plant-parasitic) density were increased and dominant in B + NPK compared with CK after 3 years. Relative abundance of nematode genera according to trophic group across treatments showed Hirschmanniella (23%) as the dominant plant parasites in NPK, and Heterocephalobus (27%), Aphelenchoides (22%) and Eudorylaimus (9%) as dominant bacterivores, fungivores and omnivores-predators, respectively, in B + NPK. Trophic group indicators showed that the fungivore plus bacterivore to plant-parasitic ratio (73%) was significantly increased by B + NPK treatment in comparison to CK. Conversely, treatments exerted no significant effect on the fungivore to bacterivore ratio (F/B) throughout the period of study, which implies less disturbance and adverse impact of biochar on nematode communities. Apart from treatments and environmental factors, changes in nematode trophic groups were strongly related to soil chemical properties, such as soil pH, total nitrogen and available phosphorus, which shows their influence on soil nematode community. Our result shows the positive effect of integrated addition of biochar and inorganic fertiliser in balancing nematode diversity and building a resilient soil ecosystem in a low input rain-fed rice cropping system.

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Effects of Castor Oil Plant/Cassava/Cocoyam Intercrops on Soil Nematode Population, Crop Infestation and Yields of Component Crops

Biological Agriculture & Horticulture ◽

10.1080/01448765.1997.9754808 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 177-185

Author(s):

R. A.E. Ugbaja

Keyword(s):

Castor Oil ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Oil Plant

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Effectiveness of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Peperomia pellucida and Terminalia catappa in the Management of Cyst Nematode (Heterodera sacchari) on Selected Rice Varieties

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.1515/cerce-2017-0025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 47-60

Author(s):

N.B. Izuogu ◽

A.R. Saliu ◽

H.S. Baba ◽

C.M. Olajide

Keyword(s):

Leaf Extract ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Terminalia Catappa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

Abstract Experiments were conducted at the teaching and research farm of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ilorin, Nigeria to determine the effect of aqueous extract of Peperomia pelliucida and Terminalia catappa on the management of cyst nematode, Heterodera sacchari on some selected rice varieties. A screenhouse preliminary study was first carried out in December, 2014 to assess the pathogenicity of H. sacchari on ten varieties of rice from which five varieties were selected for field trials. The five selected rice varieties were grown on soil inoculated with cysts of H. sacchari. The field experiment was a 5×3 factorial type fitted into a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Soil nematode population, physiochemical soil analysis and phytochemical screening of the tests plants were carried out. Treatment application of aqueous leaf extract were conducted at the 2nd and 7th weeks after transplanting. Data were collected on the plant height, shoot, root weights, yield and soil nematode population. All numerical data were subjected to analysis of variance (Anova) using GENSTAT statistical package 12th edition and where significant differences were observed, means were separated using fisher’s protected LSD. Results from the study revealed that treatment combination of P. pellucida and T. catappa singly with FARO 60, FARO 61, and NERICA 8 performed significantly higher (p>0.05) than the other rice varieties for most of the growth and yield parameter measured. Significant differences occurred between shoot, root, and yield weight of treated plants and their control counterparts. There was no significant difference between the two plant extracts used with respect to parameters measured. Treated plants performed significantly higher than the control. Based on the results of the study, paddy farmers experiencing H. sacchari infestation are encouraged to treat the field with P. pellucida and or T. catappa, especially when planting FARO 60, FARO 61, and NERICA 8 as these combinations promise to give higher yield.

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Plant and soil nematode population changes in wheat grown continuously in ploughed and in unploughed soil

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb04594.x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

pp. 327-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. C. M. CORBETT ◽

R. M. WEBB

Keyword(s):

Nematode Population ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Population Changes

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EFFECTS OF NEMATICIDES ON PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS, SOIL MICROFLORA, AND FLUE-CURED TOBACCO

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps72-001 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

J. M. ELLIOT ◽

C. F. MARKS ◽

C. M. TU

Keyword(s):

Field Studies ◽

Soil Microflora ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Total N ◽

Greenhouse Study ◽

Total Alkaloids ◽

Infested Field ◽

Population Counts

Field studies were conducted on Fox loamy sand to compare fall and spring broadcast and spring row application of DD (mixture of 1,3-dichloropropene, 1,2-dichloropropane, and related C3 hydrocarbons) and Vorlex (methyl isothiocyanate, 20%, + 1,3-dichloropropene, and related C3 hydrocarbons, 80%), and to compare these fumigants with Mocap (O-ethyl S,S-dipropyl phosphorodithioate), fensulfothion (O,O-diethyl O-[p-(methylsulfinyl) phenyl] phosphorothioate), and carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2, 2-dimethylbenzofuranyl-7 N-methylcarbamate) for the control of Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filip. and Stek. 1941 in flue-cured tobacco. All the nematicides except fensulfothion resulted in lower soil nematode population counts in July in a highly infested field where the number of nematodes before treatment was 4700/kg of soil. All treatments, except fall-applied Vorlex, fensulfothion, and carbofuran, increased yield. In the second year, with a lower nematode population (2000 P. penetrans/kg of soil), no increase in yield resulted from any nematicidal treatment. Spring broadcast DD lowered reducing sugars and increased total alkaloids, total N, and Cl for the 2-year averages. Spring application of DD in the row also increased Cl but did not affect the other constituents. Some phytotoxic effects were observed with the nonfumigant nematicides, but chemical composition of the cured leaf was not affected. A greenhouse study with these five nematicides, in the absence of nematodes, showed no increase in growth of tobacco, but the population of NH4+–N oxidizers was lower with DD and Mocap and the number of NO3−–N oxidizers was lower with Vorlex, DD, and carbofuran.

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Relationship between Nematodes and some Soil Properties in the Rhizosphere of Banana Plants

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.82.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Amal Ahmed Mohammed Al-Ghamdi

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Fine Sand ◽

Coarse Sand ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Sand Content ◽

The Relationship

Nematodes are plant-parasitic organisms that cause alterations in the chemical and physical environment of soils. This study investigates the relationship between nematode occurrence and some soil parameters. The results showed that the proportion of nematodes in soil was negatively correlated with soil pH (r2= 0.89); however, it increased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (r2 = 0.95), soil moisture (SM) (r2 = 0.60), and organic matter (OM) content (r2= 0.78). A positive correlation was found between the proportion of nematodes in the roots and the amount of coarse sand, while a negative correlation existed between the proportion of nematodes and the amount of fine sand, clay, and silt. The degree of colonization by nematodes increased with increasing coarse sand content (r2= 0.91). Conversely, the soil nematode population decreased with increasing fine sand content (r2= 0.83), clay (r2= 0.80), and silt content (r2= 0.97). The nematode population in banana roots correlated with soil phosphorus (r2 = 0.88), potassium (r2 = 69), calcium (r2 = 0.78), and magnesium levels (r2=0.78). Conversely, a negative correlation was found between nitrogen concentration and the nematode population in banana roots (r2=0.76). Overall, the population of nematodes in soil affects its pH, EC, SM, and OM content.

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Application of Animal Manure and Plant Growth- Promoting Rhizobacteria as Effective Tools to Control Soil Nematode Population and Increase Crop Yield in Grapevine Orchards

Egyptian Journal of Agronematology ◽

10.21608/ejaj.2021.141311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 34-52

Author(s):

Ramadan El-Ashry

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Animal Manure ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Control Soil ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Increase Crop Yield

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Seasonal fluctuations of the nematode communities in a hop garden soil

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-010-0018-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. Renčo ◽

M. Lišková ◽

A. Čerevková

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Seasonal Fluctuation ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Garden Soil ◽

Soil Nematode ◽

Seasonal Fluctuations ◽

Nematode Communities ◽

Soil Nematode Community ◽

Nematode Abundance

AbstractA study on the seasonal fluctuation of nematode population was conducted during three vegetation periods (2005 – 2007), at 20 and 40 cm soil depth, from May to October, in a hop garden at Nemšová (Slovak Republic). The seasonal fluctuation of the nematode population was related to temperature and rainfall. At 20 cm soil depth of each year, the largest nematode population was recorded in July, and the smallest from July to October. At 40 cm soil depth, nematode abundance was not significantly different between the years 2006 and 2007. In general, at the same depth, a decrease of nematode abundance was observed from May to October. The soil nematode community was rich in bacteriovorous nematodes, especially in the top 20 cm soil. The genus Rhabditis was the eudominant taxon at both soil depths. This genus with the genera Cephalobus, Heterodera, Merlinius and Aglenchus represented the 50 % of the total nematode population at 20 cm soil depth and with the genera Cephalobus, Helicotylenchus, Heterodera and Merlinius represented the 52 % of total nematodes abundance at 40 cm depth.

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