Sponge diversity and community composition in Irish bathyal coral reefs

Sponge diversity and community composition in bathyal cold water coral reefs (CWRs) were examined at 500-900 m depth on the southeastern slopes of Rockall Bank and the northwestern slope of Porcupine Bank, to the west of Ireland in 2004 and 2005 with boxcores. A total of 104 boxcore samples, supplemented with 10 trawl/dredge attempts, were analyzed for the presence and abundance of sponges, using microscopical examination of (sub)samples of collected coral branches, and semi-quantitative macroscopic examination. Approximate minimum size of identified and counted sponge individuals was 1 mm. Literature data were added to the Porcupine Bank results to compensate for a less intensive sampling program in that location. Species richness and abundance were determined at local (sample diversity, pooled-sample diversity, local reef diversity), between-reef (diversity of two reef areas at 15 km distance), and regional scales (diversity of three reef areas over a distance of 200 km). Abiotic and biotic parameters including depth, the presence and cover of live coral, dead coral and sand, local reef, and orientation towards the nearest reef mound summit, were included in a constrained ordination technique (RDA); a Monte Carlo forward selection procedure was used to obtain significant predictors of variation in composition. The results of this analysis were compared with unconstrained ordination (PCA) and cluster analysis. The presence of live coral, depth and the local reefs C1 and C3 proved to be significant predictors of variation in sponge composition. The PCA and cluster analysis confirmed these results. Sample species richness was consistently heterogeneous from zero species and individuals up to 57 species and 90 individuals per (boxcore) sample. Species richness of local reefs determined from pooled samples showed the three localities studied to have similar species richness, namely 105-122 species in each location. Species richness was highest in samples with relatively low live coral cover. As in the RDA, live coral presence and depth appeared to be responsible for most of the variation observed in the cluster results. Cluster analysis of Bray-Curtis dissimilarity values of the pooled samples of all three reef localities using presence/absence data of all available samples indicated that distance appeared to structure the composition of the sponge assemblages of the three reef mound areas, but much less so within and among local reefs. Bathyal reefs of the regions to the west of Ireland were found to have a combined sponge species richness of 191 species, exceeding the richness of individual reef mound areas by c. 38-45%. Sponge presence in CWRs is clearly structured and controlled by biotic and abiotic factors. In particular, live coral presence appears a significant predictor of CWR sponge composition and diversity.

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Experimental reef communities persist under future ocean acidification and warming

10.21203/rs.3.rs-640089/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher Jury ◽

Keisha Bahr ◽

Evan Barba ◽

Russell Brainard ◽

Annick Cros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Species Richness ◽

Coral Reef ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Ocean Acidification ◽

Community Composition ◽

Functional State ◽

Reef Communities ◽

Paris Climate Agreement

Abstract Coral reefs are among the most sensitive ecosystems affected by ocean acidification and warming, and are predicted to shift from net accreting calcifier-dominated systems to net eroding algal-dominated systems over the coming decades. Here we present a long-term experimental study examining the responses of entire mesocosm coral reef communities to acidification (-0.2 pH units), warming (+ 2°C), and combined future ocean (-0.2 pH, + 2°C) treatments. We show that under future ocean conditions, net calcification rates declined yet remained positive, corals showed reduced abundance yet were not extirpated, and community composition shifted while species richness was maintained. Our results suggest that under Paris Climate Agreement targets, coral reefs could persist in an altered functional state rather than collapse.

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Distribution, diversity, and conservation of coral reefs and coral communities in the largest marine protected area of Pacific Panama (Coiba Island)

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892904001250 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 111-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

HECTOR M. GUZMAN ◽

CARLOS A. GUEVARA ◽

ODALISCA BREEDY

Keyword(s):

Species Richness ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

Protected Area ◽

Marine Protected Area ◽

Coral Cover ◽

Scleractinian Corals ◽

Live Coral ◽

Marine Habitats ◽

Live Coral Cover ◽

Coral Communities

Sampling scale and lack of attention to taxa other than scleractinian corals have limited the capacity to protect coral reefs and coral communities in Pacific Panama. The distribution of coral habitats (live coral cover) and their species richness in the largest marine protected area of Panama, the Coiba National Park (270 125 ha), is described using quadrat transects and manta tows. The species richness of scleractinian corals and octocorals was lower in coral reefs than in coral communities, and a close relationship between richness and live coral cover was observed only in coral communities. The distribution of high live coral cover in coral communities overlapped with areas of high coral species richness. Average live coral cover in communities was 64%, compared to 28% in reefs, whereas algae cover was 30% and 49%, respectively. Twenty-two coral and 34 octocoral species were observed, many only now detected in Panama as endemic or new species. Analysis of satellite imagery showed 80% of terrestrial habitats were mostly primary forest, and coral reefs and coral communities covered 1700 ha, about 2% of marine habitats. Shallow marine environments (< 20 m) had up to 60% calcareous red algae cover (rhodolite beds). Based on the distribution of live coral cover and species richness, three conservation units were identified as priority, with the southern and northernmost sides of the marine protected area as the most significant. These three areas encompass most of the rare and endemic species or populations, as well as species previously regarded as endangered.

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KEANEKARAGAMAN HYMENOPTERA PARASITOID PADA STURUKTUR LANSKAP PERTANIAN BERBEDA DI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) CIANJUR, JAWA BARAT

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.1710-20 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 10-20

Author(s):

Yaherwandi Yaherwandi ◽

S. Manuwoto ◽

D. Buchori ◽

P. Hidayat ◽

L.B. Prasetyo

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Species Richness ◽

Natural Enemies ◽

Landscape Structure ◽

Rice Field ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Diversity Indices ◽

Complex Problem ◽

And Cluster Analysis

Diversity of Hymenoptera Parasitoid in Different Agricultural Landscape at Cianjur Watershed, West Java. Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failur of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoid are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice field at Cianjur Watershed. Insects were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, indices of diversity, indices of community similarities and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 2750 speciment consist of 26 family and 325 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice fields at Cianjur Watershed. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid were found to be influenced by the landscape structure and seasone of ricefield. Species richness and diversity were higher in Nyalindung landscape than Gasol and Selajambe landscape.

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Distribution and Community Structure of Coral Reefs In The West Coast Of Sumatra Indonesia

ILMU KELAUTAN Indonesian Journal of Marine Sciences ◽

10.14710/ik.ijms.24.1.51-60 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rikoh Manogar Siringoringo ◽

Tri Aryono Hadi ◽

Ni Wayan Purnama Sari ◽

Muhammad Abra ◽

Munasik Munasik

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Coral Reefs ◽

West Coast ◽

Coral Species ◽

Live Coral ◽

The West ◽

Accumulation Curve ◽

Common Genus ◽

Almost All ◽

Line Intercept

This paper assesses the distribution and community structure of coral species in six locations along the west coast of Sumatra, namely Mentawai, Bengkulu, Nias, Padang Pariaman, Simeulue, and Central Tapanuli. Data collected using Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method obtained from 55 sites at six locations. The ordination analysis by using PRIMER 7 software indicates the corals do not distributed evenly. In this case, almost all of the corals distributed mainly in Central Tapanuli and followed by Bengkulu, making it the most diverse corals location in the west coast. Mentawai and Padang Pariaman were less diverse and relatively similar as clustered together, but Padang Pariaman reefs had more Montipora and Pocillopora while Mentawai reefs is mainly featured by Pavona and Psammocora. Although Nias reefs clustered into two different clusters, the main reef features were Porites and Pavona. Simeulue reefs appeared characterized by Porites and Psammocora. Porites known as a very common genus of coral and are found in the widest area of the world's coral reefs. The within-site species richness determined by using species accumulation curve. K-dominance curve showed that Bengkulu and Mentawai seemed to have the lowest cumulative abundance but then crossed over Central Tapanuli at the third most abundance species. There were 52 genera found from six locations, eight of them distributed in all locations. Approximately 90% of which were found in Central Tapanuli. There were no differences between live coral coverage within locations, yet Caswell’s neutral model showed that Mentawai and Bengkulu had more coral species than other locations, indicating that there were likely were less stress environmental conditions occurring in these two locations.

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Supplemental Material for Identifying Style-Types in a Sample of Musical Improvisations Using Dimensional Reduction and Cluster Analysis

Psychology of Aesthetics Creativity and the Arts ◽

10.1037/aca0000072.supp ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Dimensional Reduction ◽

And Cluster Analysis

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Factor and cluster analysis of data from a position analysis of industrial and administrative work systems

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e668292012-196 ◽

1976 ◽

Author(s):

H. Luczak ◽

K. Landau ◽

W. Rohmert

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Work Systems ◽

Administrative Work ◽

Position Analysis ◽

Factor And Cluster Analysis ◽

And Cluster Analysis

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The limit of the contemporary financial system in Russia

National Interests Priorities and Security ◽

10.24891/ni.16.7.1223 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. 1223-1245

Author(s):

V.V. Smirnov

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Foreign Currency ◽

Financial System ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

High Tech ◽

Monetary Aggregate ◽

Internal System ◽

Monetary Relations ◽

And Cluster Analysis ◽

Structural Preservation

Subject. The article focuses on the modern financial system of Russia. Objectives. I determine the limit of the contemporary financial system in Russia. Methods. The study is based on methods of descriptive statistics, statistical and cluster analysis. Results. The article shows the possibility of determining the scope of the contemporary financial system in Russia by establishing monetary relations as the order of the internal system and concerted operation of subsystems, preserving the structure of the financial system, maintaining the operational regime, implementing the program and achieving the goal. I found that the Russian financial system correlated with the Angolan one, and the real scope of the contemporary financial system in Russia. Conclusions and Relevance. As an attempt to effectively establish monetary relations and manage them, the limit of the contemporary financial system is related to the possibility of using Monetary Aggregate M0 to maintain the balance of the Central Bank of Russia. To overcome the scope of Russia’s financial system, the economy should have changed its specialization, refocusing it on high-tech export and increasing the foreign currency reserves. This can be done if amendments to Russia’s Constitution are adopted. The findings expand the scope of knowledge and create new competence in the establishment of monetary relations, order of the internal system and concerted interaction of subsystems, structural preservation of the financial system and maintenance of its operational regime.

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