Together and Apart: The Russian Orthodox Church, the Russian Empire, and Orthodox Missionaries in Alaska, 1794–1917

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse D. Murray
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Civilizing Mission ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Native Culture ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
The Russian Empire

Addressing Russian Orthodox missions in the Alaskan periphery of the Russian Empire, this article discusses the flexibility of Russian Orthodox missionaries in adapting concepts of Orthodoxy and Russianness to the circumstances of their mission in Alaska and to their individual experiences there. Consulting a range of missionary writings from 1794–1917, including reports, journals, letters, and articles in church periodicals, Murray assesses varying interpretations and methods of promoting the civilizing mission, christianization, and russification over the long nineteenth century. Efforts in education and promoting moral standards were vital to the missions but always incorporated respect for the native culture. Recognizing the importance of this periphery even after the sale of Alaska to the United States in 1867, the missionaries continued to perceive the converted Alaskan communities as tied to Russian Orthodox culture and identity and their educational and moral efforts as essential to the construction of good citizens for the new political power.

scholarly journals Splits and sects in the Azov region and the authorities of the Russian Empire: Failed compromise in the nineteenth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-489
Author(s):  
Tamara S. Olenich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Interfaith Relations ◽  
Azov Region ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the features of the emergence and spread of sectarian organizations and Old Believer communities in the Azov region in the 19th century. It is shown that the processes of the spread of sectarian organizations century were very active, which is explained by the fact that sectarian organizations had a broad social base and expanded dynamically, despite restrictions from the official government. The laws in force at that time limited the activities carried out by the Russian Orthodox Church in counteracting the process of promoting sectarian teachings at that time. The article illustrates that some of the representatives of sectarianism disguised themselves as Orthodox and compactly lived within the boundaries of church parishes. Proselytizing sectarianism was especially active in the territory of the Yekaterinoslav province by organizations such as the Molokans, Khlysts, Skoptsy, Old Believers, and others. This article characterizes the prevailing political and legal conditions for the spread of the sects, as well as the features of the system of religious relations that have developed in the region. On the basis of archival data, the number of such sects as the Molokans, the Whips, the Old Believers and the Evangelists, etc., was studied. The specificity of religious relations between representatives of different religious groups in the Azov region is analyzed within the framework of a unique phenomenon — a polymodel system of the interfaith relations.

scholarly journals Relationship between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in the territory of the United States in the early XX century

2021 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
Philip Viktorovich Yuzlikeev
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
North America ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Of Greece

Due to the fact that the tradition of close relation between the Orthodox Church and the state has formed since the time of the Byzantine Empire, the reflection of foreign policy ambitions of the Greek government on the foreign activity of the Patriarchate of Constantinople seems absolutely justifiable. In the early XX century, North America was a center of Greek migration, and simultaneously, the territory of proliferation of the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church; therefore, the United States spark particular interest in this case. The Patriarch of Constantinople attempted to dispute the jurisdictional affiliation of the United States by issuing the corresponding tomos. This article is dedicated to interaction between the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Russian Orthodox Church in the territory of the United States during the 1908 – 1924. The author explores the influence of Greece upon the relationship between the two Orthodox jurisdictions in North America. The activity of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in the United States is compared to political events of Greece. The history of Orthodoxy in the United States in the first quarter of the XX century is highly researched however, the actions of church organizations are not always viewed from the perspective of the foreign policy of the countries involved. The conclusion is made on the possible influence of the Greek governmental forces on the Patriarchate of Constantinople, which in turn, stepped into the jurisdictional conflict with the Russian Orthodox Church.

scholarly journals Святитель Георгий (Конисский) 20.11.1717 ― 13.02.1795

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-149
Author(s):  
Antoni Mironowicz
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is dedicated to the 300th anniversary of St. Georgy Konisky Bishop of the Russian Orthodox Church, Archbishop of Mogilev, Mstislavl and Orsh. Philosopher, teacher, theologian and public figure of the Commonwealth, and then the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals The Italian Path of the Slavophile S. P. Koloshin, Correspondent of F. M. Dostoevsky: Archival Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-118
Author(s):  
Irina V. Dergacheva
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
First Time

The article presents the results of an archival search for information regarding Sergey P. Koloshin, a publicist and the publisher of the <i>Zritel obschestvennoy zhizni, literatury i sporta</i> (<i>Spectator of public life, literature and sports</i>) magazine, who went bankrupt in 1863. In the 1860s, he lived in Italy, attempted to collaborate with the <i>Epokha</i> (<i>Epoch</i>) magazine, corresponded with the brothers M. M. and F. M. Dostoevskys, and died on November 27, 1868 in Florence. The discovered documents allow to clarify the time and circumstances of his death. The Russian Empire’s Foreign Policy Archive contains a file regarding the assignment of the transportation the body of the deceased to Milan for burial in the columbarium to Mikhail Orlov, the Archpriest of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Nativity of Christ and St. Nicholas in Florence, who already performed the rite of blessing S. Koloshin. The latter was also entrusted with fulfilling the last will of the deceased, completing his settlements on this Earth, including those with the owner of his rented residence. Her receipt for money received indicates the address of Koloshin's residence in Milan, which is significant in connection with the search for his archive, which probably includes the letters of Dostoevsky. The article also introduces the encrypted telegrams of the Russian mission to Turin into scientific circulation for the first time. These telegrams are signed by the name Koloshin (Kolochine), and the authors suggest that they belong either to Sergey’s brother, Dmitry Pavlovich, junior secretary of the Russian mission in Brussels, or to Ivan Petrovich Koloshin, Resident Master of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Empire, cousin of S. P. Koloshin. He could have also provided the documents from the personal archive of S. P. Koloshin, which likely included letters from Dostoevsky.

Mission Delayed: The Russian Orthodox Church after the Conquest of Kazan'

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-540
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Romaniello
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Active Period ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church

Muscovy's active period of eastward expansion began with the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan’ in 1552. By the seventeenth century, one observer claimed that the conquest of Kazan’ was the event that made Ivan IV a tsar and Muscovy an empire. With this victory, the tsar claimed new lands, adding to his subjects the diverse animistic and Muslim population of Turkic Tatars and Chuvashes, and Finno-Ugric Maris, Mordvins, and Udmurts. The conquest of Kazan’ provided both the Metropolitan of Moscow and Ivan IV (the Terrible) an opportunity to transform the image of Muscovy into that of a victorious Orthodox power and to justify the title of its Grand Prince as a new caesar (tsar). Since the conquest was the first Orthodox victory against Islam since the fall of Constantinople, commemorations of it were immediate, including the construction of the Church of the Intercession by the Moat (St. Basil's) on Red Square.The incorporation of the lands and peoples of Kazan’ has served traditionally to date the establishment of the Russian Empire. Accounts of the conquest have emphasized the victory of Orthodoxy against Islam, with the Russian Orthodox Church and its Metropolitan as the motive force behind this expansion. The conversion of the Muslims and animists of the region is portrayed frequently as automatic, facing little resistance. More recently, scholars have criticized this simplistic account of the conquest by discussing the conversion mission as a rhetorical construct and have placed increasing emphasis on the local non-Russian and non-Orthodox resistance to the interests of the Church and state.

scholarly journals Russian Foreign Ministry and the Reorganization of Russian Orthodox Churches Abroad in 1860-s

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
V. O. Pechatnov ◽  
V. V. Pechatnov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Balance Of Interests ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign Ministry

Based on the unearthed documents from the Archive of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire, the article examines an interaction of Russian diplomacy and Russian orthodox churches abroad in the process of their reform in the early 1860-s. This reorganization was undertaken in context of the “Great reforms” of Alexander II and aimed at rationalization of the previous system of subordination of those churches to civil and ecclesiastical authorities in St. Petersburg. The architects of the reform initiated by the Tzar himself sought to create a unified system of subordination and financing of those churches with identical criteria for their personnel, their rights and duties vis-à-vis heads of diplomatic missions. Accordingly, the Russian Foreign Ministry became responsible for their operation and financing while in ecclesiastical matters they were to answer to the Holy Synod. Foreign Ministry and personally Alexander Gorchakov, as demonstrated in the article, played a leading role in the reform preparation and implementation conducted on an inter-agency basis with the Holy Synod, Ministry of the Court and Finance Ministry taking part. The heads of diplomatic missions and of the affiliated churches were also consulted in the process. The authors trace all stages of these complex negotiations that resulted in achieving a balance of interests between all the actors involved. The newly created system proved to be quite efficient and lasted till the end of the Russian empire. The reorganization revealed a state of the churches abroad and their clergy that was a crème of Russian Orthodox Church. The reform experience is also instructive as a case study of Russian government apparatus in action.

scholarly journals Annual Reports of the Omsk and Orenburg Bishops to the Holy Synod as a Source of the History of Orthodoxy in the Steppe Territory of the Russian Empire (Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Centuries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Lysenko
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article analyzes the structure and information potential of the annual reports on the conditions of the Orenburg and Omsk dioceses to the Holy Synod, prepared science 1870 to 1917. It is emphasized that this set of paperwork is a unique source on the history of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Central Asian outskirts of the Russian Empire and reflects virtually all spheres of life and activities of the dioceses, their institutional and administrative-territorial development, processes of the deanery, church, parish, church and monastery construction. The information capabilities of the reports make it possible to reconstruct a whole range of social, economic, demographic, and migration processes that took place within the boundaries of a particular diocese. That is why the author assigns diocesan reports to the type of “mixed type” paperwork on the basis that they contain information of a normative, narrative and statistical nature. Analysis of reports on the state of the Orenburg and Omsk dioceses allow us to conclude that the 1880s the first decade of the 20th century began a period of active development in the Steppe Territory institutions, the administrative-territorial management system of the Russian Orthodox Church. This was largely due to a sharp increase in the number of Orthodox population in the region, mediated by mass peasant migration.

scholarly journals Evolution of A. V. Kartashev's Views on the History of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Imperial Period

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 105-117
Author(s):  
S. P. Bychkov ◽  
◽  
O. V. Gefner ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Church History ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article is devoted to the problem of changing the view of the historian of the Russian Orthodox Church Anton V. Kartashev on the peculiarities of the existence of Orthodoxy in the historical period of the Russian Empire. By comparing pre-revolutionary articles and publications of the 1930s and 1950s, the key positions of these changes are determined, and the factors that contributed to the evolution of the historian's scientific views are identified. The author concludes that Kartashev turns from an active critic of church shortcomings into an apologist of the Russian Church of the imperial period, and reveals many positive features of the existence of Orthodoxy during the period of Synodal administration. Russian Russian Orthodox Church, A.V. Kartashev, The Concept of Russian Church History, Synodal administration.

scholarly journals Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow and Kolomna (Drozdov): formation and features of state-legal views. XIX century

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Lushin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Original State ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Xix Century

The article examines the original state-legal views of one of the most prominent hierarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church, Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov), regarding the form of the state, the system of law, the judicial system and judicial proceedings of the Russian Empire in the XIX century.

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