scholarly journals The History of *=a

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-568
Author(s):  
Don Daniels ◽  
Joseph Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Contact Areas ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

This paper discusses the historical borrowing of an enclitic across unrelated Papuan languages spoken along the lower Sogeram River in the Middle Ramu region of present-day Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The enclitic *=a, which attached to the right edge of a prosodic unit, was borrowed from the Ramu family into the ancestor of three modern Sogeram languages. Both morphological and prosodic substance were borrowed, as was the dual functionality of the enclitic – as a pragmatic marker in independent utterances and a linking device on dependent domains. We discuss the clitic’s formal and functional properties as evidence for its contact-induced origin and subsequent historical development in western Sogeram, as well as the implications of these developments for our understanding of morphological and pragmatic borrowing. The complexities of this borrowing event highlight the potential for theories of language contact to benefit from collaborative research on previously unstudied contact areas.

Cognitive-behaviour therapy for panic disorder: A Papua New Guinea case

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 9-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Marai
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Previous History ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

The case of a 43 year old Papua New Guinea man with no previous history of psychological disorder who was diagnosed as suffering panic disorder is described. This case illustrates the possible applicability of cognitive-behaviour therapy to Papua New Guineans with a range of anxiety problems.The patient, Mr A, is a 43 year old married father of four children, employed in a supervisory position with a large PNG corporation. He comes from a middle class family of nine children and describes his childhood in bright colours. He completed ten years of schooling before obtaining a job with his current employer. There was no family history of psychiatric disorder.Mr A's presenting concern was pain on the right side of his arm and regular severe headaches. Mr A first experienced the pain in 1986 when it lasted for a few weeks and than stopped. However, in 1990 the pain returned. Mr A sought medical treatment and analgesic drugs were prescribed. The drugs relieved the pain but for only a short time.

COMBINING ORAL TRADITIONS AND BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING TO UNDERSTAND VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN THE GULF OF PAPUA (PAPUA NEW GUINEA)

Radiocarbon ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chris Urwin ◽  
Quan Hua ◽  
Henry Arifeae
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Spatial History ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gulf Of Papua ◽  
The Village

ABSTRACT When European colonists arrived in the late 19th century, large villages dotted the coastline of the Gulf of Papua (southern Papua New Guinea). These central places sustained long-distance exchange and decade-spanning ceremonial cycles. Besides ethnohistoric records, little is known of the villages’ antiquity, spatiality, or development. Here we combine oral traditional and 14C chronological evidence to investigate the spatial history of two ancestral village sites in Orokolo Bay: Popo and Mirimua Mapoe. A Bayesian model composed of 35 14C assays from seven excavations, alongside the oral traditional accounts, demonstrates that people lived at Popo from 765–575 cal BP until 220–40 cal BP, at which time they moved southwards to Mirimua Mapoe. The village of Popo spanned ca. 34 ha and was composed of various estates, each occupied by a different tribe. Through time, the inhabitants of Popo transformed (e.g., expanded, contracted, and shifted) the village to manage social and ceremonial priorities, long-distance exchange opportunities and changing marine environments. Ours is a crucial case study of how oral traditional ways of understanding the past interrelate with the information generated by Bayesian 14C analyses. We conclude by reflecting on the limitations, strengths, and uncertainties inherent to these forms of chronological knowledge.

History of non-physician anaesthesia providers in Papua New Guinea: from heil tultuls to Anaesthetic Scientific Officers

2021 ◽  
pp. 0310057X2110278
Author(s):  
Terence E Loughnan ◽  
Michael G Cooper ◽  
Pauline B Wake ◽  
Harry Aigeeleng
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Medical Assistants ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The most recent estimates, published in 2016, have indicated that around 70% of anaesthesia providers in Papua New Guinea are non-physician anaesthetic providers and that they administer over 90% of anaesthetics, with a significant number unsupervised by a physician anaesthetist. Papua New Guinea has a physician anaesthetist ratio estimated to be 0.25 per 100,000 population, while Australia and New Zealand have a ratio of 19 physician anaesthetists per 100,000, which is 75 times that of Papua New Guinea. To reach a ratio of seven per 100,000, recommended as the minimum acceptable by the Lancet Commission in 2016, there will need to be over 35 practitioners trained per annum until 2030, at a time when the average annual numbers of recent years are less than three physicians and less than five non-physician anaesthetic providers. We review the development of anaesthesia administered by non-physician indigenous staff and the stages of development from heil tultuls, dokta bois, liklik doktas, native medical assistants, aid post orderlies, and Anaesthetic Technical Officers up to the current Anaesthetic Scientific Officers having attained the Diploma in Anaesthetic Science from the University of Papua New Guinea.

CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 2: post-Independence

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Gael Keig ◽  
Robin L. Hide ◽  
Susan M. Cuddy ◽  
Heinz Buettikofer ◽  
Jennifer A. Bellamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Collaborative Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Resource Information ◽  
Research Organisation ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Computer Based

Following Papua New Guinea (PNG) Independence in 1975, the new administration approached Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) directly concerning the need to address issues related to food security and village-based agriculture. A subsequent series of collaborative research projects between CSIRO and PNG government departments built upon the existing survey information to provide PNG with one of the earliest national-level, computer-based resource information systems, with widespread applications, particularly in agriculture, forestry, environmental management and planning. Part 1 of this historical review discussed the evolution, conduct and outcomes of the CSIRO integrated surveys over the period 1950–75, while Part 2 describes the subsequent research projects that arose from the surveys and concluded in 2000. In addition, the legacy of CSIRO involvement in land research in PNG is examined in relation to advances made both within individual scientific disciplines and in other relevant technological fields, and to operational challenges and structural change within the organisation.

scholarly journals Power, pork and patronage: Decentralisation and the politicisation of the development budget in Papua New Guinea

1970 ◽  
pp. 7-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Allen ◽  
Zahid Hasnain
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
State Development ◽  
Patronage Politics ◽  
History Of

This paper examines a number of recent empirical studies of local-level decision-making in relation to development planning and, especially, the allocation of state development funds in Papua New Guinea. The discussion is framed by the extensive theoretical and Papua New Guinea literature on patronage politics and political culture, by the recent history of decentralisation reforms, and by the frequently articulated, but largely anecdotal, observations about the functioning of district and local-level governance processes.In contrast to the anecdotal vision of widespread and chronic dysfunctionality, the studies considered here paint a picture of considerable spatial and regional variation. We offer some tentative hypotheses to explain this variation, while flagging the need for more empirical work. We outline how these preliminary findings have informed a program of research that is currently being undertaken at the district and local government levels with a view to gaining a better understanding of the extent and nature of spatial variation in the local-level governance of state development funds in Papua New Guinea.

Continents and consequences: the history of a concept

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. Yearwood
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Emotional Content ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
World Geography ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

AbstractOriginally intended to provide an accessible overview for colleagues in Papua New Guinea, this article outlines the emergence of the continental division of the world in classical antiquity. In medieval Europe this survived as a learned conception which eventually acquired emotional content. Nevertheless, the division was still within the context of universal Christianity, which did not privilege any continent. Contrary to the views of recent critics, the European sense of world geography was not inherently ‘Eurocentric’. While Europeans did develop a sense of continental superiority, Americans, Africans, and many Asians also came to identify themselves with their continents and to use them as weapons against European domination. The application of the division to Melanesia is also considered.

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