The Notion of Synthesis in Harmonic Science (and Beyond)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-173
Author(s):  
Eleonora Rocconi
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Rigorous Method ◽  
The Way

Abstract In ancient Greece, harmonics fully acquires the dignity of ‘science’ thanks to Aristoxenus of Tarentum, who first gives an account of a rigorous method of analysis of the structures underlying melodies. One of the most interesting concepts discussed in his extant writings is the notion of synthesis, which he uses to describe any orderly combination of elements (whether they are sounds, intervals or letters) into a sequence. This principle, which according to him governs the way of combining items in patterns, is described as a ‘natural’ principle (i.e. inherent in melos or lexis) and lies at the very bottom of his idea of ‘attuned melody’ (melos hērmosmenon), the specific object under investigation in his harmonics. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the pivotal significance of this notion within Aristoxenus’ thought and to identify its reception in later authors, not only within harmonics but also within the realm of rhetoric.

On Purpose

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Ruse
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Design ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Western Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Thought ◽  
The Way

Can we live without the idea of purpose? Should we even try to? Kant thought we were stuck with it, and even Darwin, who profoundly shook the idea, was unable to kill it. Indeed, purpose seems to be making a comeback today, as both religious advocates of intelligent design and some prominent secular philosophers argue that any explanation of life without the idea of purpose is missing something essential. This book explores the history of purpose in philosophical, religious, scientific, and historical thought, from ancient Greece to the present. The book traces how Platonic, Aristotelian, and Kantian ideas of purpose continue to shape Western thought. Along the way, it also takes up tough questions about the purpose of life—and whether it's possible to have meaning without purpose.

New perspectives on ancient science

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
Ancient Science ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Way

Did science develop differently in different ancient civilisations, and if so, why? This article compares the development of medicine, mathematics and astronomy in ancient Greece and ancient China. It identifies certain significant differences in the way in which the problems were formulated and the aims and methods used to resolve them, and it relates these to the social institutions and values of the society within which the scientists work.

RESPONSE — REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIC OBJECT MODEL FOR WORKGROUP COMPUTING

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 293-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
IGOR HAWRYSZKIEWYCZ ◽  
DIMITRIS KARAGIANNIS ◽  
LESZEK MACIASZEK ◽  
BERND TEUFEL
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Work ◽  
Multimedia Database ◽  
Object Model ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Business Efficiency ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Personal Productivity ◽  
The Way

Assisted by the client-server architectures, power of contemporary workstations, and new multimedia, database and communication techniques, the workgroup computing (perhaps better known as CSCW — Computer-Supported Cooperative Work) is bound to change the way people in organizations collaborate to achieve common goals. New computer technologies change the way the cooperative work is conducted and they frequently lead to new practices that increase inter-personal productivity and business efficiency. This article defines a conceptual and technological framework for a class of workgroup computing applications characterized by an asynchronous distributed interaction (different-time/different-place) during the development of shared artifacts. The proposed object model is called RESPONSE (REquirements SPecific Object Network System Environment). The model is "requirements specific" as it aims specifically at one, albeit dominant, class of workgroup applications. A particular workgroup application, chosen as representative of our model and used in examples, is the co-authoring of documents. The proposed model determines functions and support required from hardware/ software platforms for workgroup computing. The object database component of such a platform is emphasized. A distributed management of versioned objects using four levels of workspaces is proposed. The model supports long transactions with persistent locks, checkout/checkin of versioned and unversioned objects, social and technical protocols to enhance the cooperation between users, etc. The workgroup interface for the RESPONSE model is also addressed.

scholarly journals RACHUNKI I LICZBY STAROŻYTNYCH GREKÓW I RZYMIAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Piotr Gawrysiak
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Numerical Information ◽  
Mathematical Operations ◽  
Numerical Notation ◽  
The Way

Ancient Greek and Roman Numerical Notation and Counting AidsSummary The abilities to count and write down numbers are usually regarded as trivial, while in fact these skills are early technologies that significantly influenced the development of science, trade, culture and law. The lack of understanding of the way in which numerical information was conveyed among people and the ways in which daily computations - such as taxes, livestock accounts, prices etc. - were carried out, might lead to improper reasoning about the culture itself. It is, therefore, useful to know the basics of „daily” mathematics used by Greeks and Romans while studying – for example - Roman law.In this paper some basic information regarding the numerical notation used in ancient Greece and Rome is presented. This includes Roman numerals with examples of mathematical operations performed with their aid and two Greek numerical systems, namely herodianic and attic. Early aids to computation are also discussed, including finger reckoning and the abacus. 

scholarly journals The Epistemic Value of Affective Disruptability

Topoi ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imke von Maur
Keyword(s):  
Epistemic Value ◽  
Even Start ◽  
Culturally Specific ◽  
Object Theory ◽  
Affective Intentionality ◽  
Specific Object ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn order to explore how emotions contribute positively or negatively to understanding the meaning of complex socio-culturally specific phenomena, I argue that we must take into account the habitual dimension of emotions – i.e., the emotion repertoire that a feeling person acquires in the course of their affective biography. This brings to light a certain form of alignment in relation to affective intentionality that is key to comprehending why humans understand situations in the way they do and why it so often is especially hard to understand things differently. A crucial epistemic problem is that subjects often do not even enter a process of understanding, i.e., they do not even start to consider a specific object, theory, circumstance, other being, etc. in different ways than the familiar one. The epistemic problem at issue thus lies in an unquestioned faith in things being right the way they are taken to be. By acknowledging the habitual dimension of affective intentionality, I analyze reasons for this inability and suggest that being affectively disruptable and cultivating a pluralistic emotion repertoire are crucial abilities to overcome this epistemic problem.

The Blind Storyteller

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Berent
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Greek Tragedy ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
The Difference ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Intellectual Journey ◽  
The Way

Do newborns think? Do they know that 3 is greater than 2? Do they prefer right to wrong? What about emotions? Do newborns recognize happiness or anger? If they do, then how are our inborn thoughts and feelings encoded in our bodies? Could they persist after we die? Going all the way back to ancient Greece, human nature and the mind–body link are the topics of age-old scholarly debates. But laypeople also have strong opinions about such matters. Most people believe, for example, that newborn babies don’t know the difference between right and wrong—such knowledge, they insist, can only be learned. For emotions, they presume the opposite—that our capacity to feel fear, for example, is both inborn and embodied. These beliefs are stories we tell ourselves about what we know and who we are. They reflect and influence our understanding of ourselves and others, and they guide every aspect of our lives. In a twist that could have come out of a Greek tragedy, Berent proposes that our errors are our fate. These mistakes emanate from the very principles that make our minds tick: Our blindness to human nature is rooted in human nature itself. An intellectual journey that draws on philosophy, anthropology, linguistics, cognitive science, and Berent’s own cutting-edge research, The Blind Storyteller grapples with a host of provocative questions, from why we are so infatuated with our brains to what happens when we die. The end result is a startling new perspective on our humanity.

Sages at the Games: Intellectual Displays and Dissemination of Wisdom in Ancient Greece

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hååkan Tell
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Similar Type ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
Interpretive Framework ◽  
The Way

Abstract This paper explores the role the Panhellenic centers played in facilitating the circulation of wisdom in ancient Greece. It argues that there are substantial thematic overlaps among practitioners of wisdom (σσοοφφοοίί), who are typically understood as belonging to different categories (such as presocratics, sophists, poets, et al.). By focusing on the presence of σσοοφφοοίί at the Panhellenic centers in general, and Delphi in particular, we can acquire a more accurate picture of the particular expertise they possessed, and of the range of meanings the Greeks attributed to the word σσοοφφίίαα. This approach seeks to challenge the conventional categories of modern scholarship and to offer a broader and more inclusive interpretive framework in its stead. One such thematic overlap is the way in which many σσοοφφοοίί are described as exerting an almost uncanny, yet highly conventional ability to attract listeners and enchant them with their verbal performances. There is plenty of material to support the view that σσοοφφοοόό, through tapping into the repository of σσοοφφίίαα that Delphi constituted and by aligning themselves with its authority, were seen as themselves being a conduit for a similar type of charismatic speech.

scholarly journals Uma análise de Reso, de Eurípides e da astúcia de Odisseu

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Lilian Amadei Sais
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Title Page ◽  
The Way

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>A tragédia <em>Reso</em>, cuja autoria é muito discutida, traz uma das versões do mito do rei trácio que dá nome à peça. Encontramos outra versão desse mesmo mito na <em>Ilíada</em> de Homero, no também controverso Canto X, conhecido como Dolonéia. As duas narrativas formam um <em>corpus</em> excelente para quem quer investigar o tema da astúcia na Grécia antiga. Nosso trabalho de mestrado visa a entender de que maneira a astúcia da tragédia <em>Reso</em> se dá, comparando-a com a Dolonéia. Neste artigo, pretendemos fazê-lo através do papel que Odisseu desempenha na trama e da visão que as demais personagens têm dele e de sua conduta na guerra, comparando estas evidências com aquelas relacionadas a Dólon, o outro personagem astucioso da trama, e contrapondo ambos aos seus opostos na tragédia, Reso e Heitor. </span></p><div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><strong>An analysis of Euripides’ Rhesus and Odysseus Cunning Intelligence </strong></p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p><span>The tragedy Rhesus, whose authorship is a matter of controversy, brings one version of the Thracian king's myth after whom the play is named. One finds another version of the same myth in Homer ́s Iliad, at the also controversial Book Tenth, known as Doloneia. Both narratives form an excellent corpus to investigate the theme of cunning intelligence in Ancient Greece. My mastering research explores the ways in which cunning intelligence is presented in the Rhesus tragedy, by comparing it with the Doloneia. In this article, I intend to analyze briefly the role played by Odysseus in the plot and the way other characters view him. </span></p><p><span><strong>Keywords: </strong></span><span>Cunning Intelligence; Rhesus; Dolon; Odysseus </span></p></div></div></div><p><span><br /></span></p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals Αρετη w przekazach przedchrześcijańskich. Zarys zagadnienia

Vox Patrum ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 767-787
Author(s):  
Brunon Zgraja
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Special Value ◽  
The Way

This article presents the development of the meaning of arete in the sources from Homer to Albinus (VIII B.C. - II A.D.), which, together with changes happening in the economical, social, political and cultural life of the ancient Greece, began to mean all that gives to a person or to a thing a special value: a bodilly one, a practical, moral and intellectual one. Moreover, the way leading to achievement of arete, as well as the values resulting from its possession, has been presented.

scholarly journals Lazer – relevante formação social

2022 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48
Author(s):  
Adelcio Machado dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Social Formation ◽  
Important Ingredient ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Way

O lazer se converteu em formação social de relevância. A estratificação constitui ingrediente importante das sociedades modernas, e o lazer adotado pelas pessoas é influenciado por sua classe ou condição social, embora alguns possam argumentar que esta influência é atualmente menor do que no pretérito. O crescimento das organizações de turismo e de lazer contribuiu para modelar a forma como a maior parte das pessoas goza de seu lazer. De muitas maneiras se explica o significado de lazer, muitas das proposições sutilizadas são provenientes da Grécia antiga, de onde se delineia a mudança histórica do lazer a partir dos tempos medievais, especialmente no tempo disponível e na experiência do lazer em relação ao labor. O mesmo pode ser definido de três maneiras distintas, a saber: uma delas considera as vinte e quatro horas do dia e subtrai os períodos que não são de lazer, tais como: trabalho, sono, alimentação, atendimento às necessidades fisiológicas, etc.   Leisure has become a relevant social formation. Stratification is an important ingredient of modern societies, and people's leisure is influenced by their class or social status, although some might argue that this influence is currently less than in the past. The growth of tourism and leisure organizations has helped to shape the way in which most people enjoy their leisure. In many ways the meaning of leisure is explained, many of the subtlety propositions come from ancient Greece, where the historical change of leisure is outlined from medieval times, especially in the available time and experience of leisure in relation to work. It can be defined in three different ways, namely: one of them considers the twenty-four hours of the day and subtracts the periods that are not leisure, such as: work, sleep, food, meeting physiological needs, etc.

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