Retired Chinese Workers, Musical Education, and Participant-Observation in The Beijing Sunshine Wind Band Art Troupe

The Beijing Sunshine Wind Band performs in community concerts in Beijing year round. The band began in 2007, founded by Lin Yi and her husband Zhao Yinglin. Lin Yi underwent cancer surgery in 1995 and recovered to form the band of around 100 retirees. Members begin musical training in retirement, and as adult learners practice hours gaining musical profi ciency. The music is Chinese and in jianpu numerical notation, but all of their instruments are Western woodwinds, brass, and percussion. The band performs at national events, museums and libraries, and toured Taiwan, Korea, Hong Kong, and Macau. Concert bands are civilian versions of military bands. Their marches include “The People’s Liberation Army March,” and lyrical songs such as “My Country” from a 1956 fi lm. Their performances draw revolutionary sentiments in suites such as The Red Detachment of Women, and the band performs songs from post-Mao decades, such as “Dare to Ask the Way,” from the television series Journey to the West. Trevor Herbert stated that concert bands serve communities as “rational recreation.” The goal of this article is show how a Chinese national concert band reached and created healthy lifestyles for retired workers recovering from cancer and other disabilities.

Penyusunan Bibliografi Beranotasi tentang Tan Malaka di UPT Perpustakaan Proklamator Bung Hatta

The writing of this paper aims to describe how the needs of visitors about the Tan Malaka collection, describe the process of making annotated Tan Malaka bibliography and describe the constraints and efforts in establishing the Tan Malaka annotated bibliography at the UPT Library of Bung Hatta Proklamator. This type of research is descriptive in that it explains the making of annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka at the Bung Hatta Library UPT. Data collection techniques through direct observation to the location and interviews and data collection by reading and studying sources in the form of books, literature, and teaching materials. Based on the data processed can be concluded as follows. First, the information needs of users about annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka, namely: education, reference materials and research. Second, making annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka has several stages, namely: (a) determining the title of the bibliography, because the availability of books is quite a lot and is a book that is in great demand; (b) collection of library materials or information retrieval, a book about Tan Malaka in the Bung Hatta Library UPT 34 titles; (c) selection of library materials, by checking one by one the Tan Malaka book collection; (d) classification or classification, carried out by using numerical notation sequence numbers; (e) creation of keywords, based on the book's title and the annotation of Tan Malaka's book; (f) index preparation, Tan Malaka's annotated biblographic index consists of author index, keywords and titles arranged in alphabetical order; (g) typing the text, using Times New Roman writing style, font size 12, and space 1; (h) examination of the final bibliographic manuscript. Third, the constraints and efforts in making annotated bibliography about Tan Malaka, namely: (a) the preparation of Tan Malaka's collection of books is irregular and the efforts made are doing stock taking; (b) the collection of Tan Malaka only has 1 copy and the effort to do is take action over the media.Keywords: annotated bibliography; Tan Malaka.

Template Khusus Untuk Menulis Notasi Angka: Modifikasi Fungsi Tools Program Aplikasi Musik Finale

The numerical notation is one of musical notation which is very popular for most of the Indonesian people, especially composers or music practitioners who have not learned music in formal education. This article is one of the researches about tools modification of music application program of Finale to get a special template to write numerical notation. The method which is used in this research is action research. With this method, the researcher use Finale Music Program tools to get a special template to write numerical notation. The result of this research is a special template to write numerical notation.

Recognition of Beam's Music Notation Patterns Using Artificial Neural Networks with The Backpropagation Method

<p class="8AbstrakBahasaIndonesia"><span>The beam notations is officially used as the standard of international music notation, and is often found in scores for both musical instruments and vocals. In Indonesia, the use of numerical notation is more widely used and understood, because the learning process of notation beams is not easy, and takes time for the introduction of each symbol and its meaning. The pattern recognition technology makes it possible to recognize the pattern of the beam notations. The software used for system development is Matlab, utilizing artificial neural network using backpropagation method to recognize the pattern of beam notation. Backpropagation is a supervised learning method, where the system will be given the training first, and then the system can understand and identify patterns based on the knowledge gained. The final result shows that the system is able to recognize patterns from notations that have been previously studied with the highest percentage of 91.20%.</span></p>

The Effect of Angklung Musical Instrument on the Ability to Recognize Number Symbols and Fine Motorik of Children Aged 5-6 Years

This study aims to educate early childhood children about learning to recognize number notation easily and how to play angklung correctly. With the playing Angklung can develop the ability to recognize symbols of the numerical notation and fine motor that is coordinating between eyes by hand. This study was conducted in children aged 5-6 years at the Taman Kasih Kindergarten in Surabaya, with a total of 23 control classes and 23 experimental classes for children. This study uses quantitative research that uses experimental methods and has a control group. The feasibility of angklung media from media experts and material experts with very valid criteria and is appropriate to use. Pretest results of children's abilities are still many who have not developed 74%, have not developed 4%, and have developed as expected 17%. After being given treatment using the angklung instrument, the ability of 70% of children to develop is very good and 30% to develop as expected. Based on the data above, the angklung media used in playing musical instruments in recognizing numerical notation symbols can improve the cognitive aspects of early childhood development while the results of pretest results of fine motor skills of children are still at the stage of developing as much as 54% and fine motor skills that develop as expected as much as 46%. After being treated as much as five times, then held a posttest increased to fine motor skills of children to develop very well 76% and develop as expected 24%.

RACHUNKI I LICZBY STAROŻYTNYCH GREKÓW I RZYMIAN

Ancient Greek and Roman Numerical Notation and Counting AidsSummary The abilities to count and write down numbers are usually regarded as trivial, while in fact these skills are early technologies that significantly influenced the development of science, trade, culture and law. The lack of understanding of the way in which numerical information was conveyed among people and the ways in which daily computations - such as taxes, livestock accounts, prices etc. - were carried out, might lead to improper reasoning about the culture itself. It is, therefore, useful to know the basics of „daily” mathematics used by Greeks and Romans while studying – for example - Roman law.In this paper some basic information regarding the numerical notation used in ancient Greece and Rome is presented. This includes Roman numerals with examples of mathematical operations performed with their aid and two Greek numerical systems, namely herodianic and attic. Early aids to computation are also discussed, including finger reckoning and the abacus.

The Invention of Writing and Number Notation

This chapter discusses the invention of writing and number notation in ancient Egypt. Writing is believed to have been invented in Egypt at the end of the fourth millennium BCE. Among the predynastic elite tombs, tomb U-j (assigned to King Scorpion around 3200 BCE) holds a significant place. Within the twelve rooms of the structure, the earliest evidence of hieroglyphic writing from ancient Egypt was discovered. Two types of objects with inscriptions were found in tomb U-j. On the one hand, almost 200 labels made from bone, ivory, or stone and on the other hand, ceramic vessels. If we presume that some basic assumptions about the earliest written objects from tomb U-j are correct, that is, if the abstract signs were indeed the representation of numbers or quantities and the labels were attached to some goods about which they held information (e.g., the indication of their quantities or their origin or owner) then, like in Mesopotamia, the earliest writing is linked to administrative needs, and the invention of a quantity/numerical notation along with the invention of script is almost a necessary consequence.

Constraint, cognition, and written numeration

The world’s diverse written numeral systems are affected by human cognition; in turn, written numeral systems affect mathematical cognition in social environments. The present study investigates the constraints on graphic numerical notation, treating it neither as a byproduct of lexical numeration, nor a mere adjunct to writing, but as a specific written modality with its own cognitive properties. Constraints do not refute the notion of infinite cultural variability; rather, they recognize the infinity of variability within defined limits, thus transcending the universalist/particularist dichotomy. In place of strictly innatist perspectives on mathematical cognition, a model is proposed that invokes domain-specific and notationally-specific constraints to explain patterns in numerical notations. The analysis of exceptions to cross-cultural generalizations makes the study of near-universals highly productive theoretically. The cross-cultural study of patterns in written numbers thus provides a rich complement to the cognitive analysis of writing systems.