Wood Structure and Generic Status of Some Southern African Cassinoideae (Celastraceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Archer ◽  
Abraham E. van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
African Species ◽  
Generic Concept ◽  
Generic Delimitation ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Anatomical Evidence

Opinions differ on whether to treat Cassine in southern Africa in a wide sense, or to recognise several segregate genera, such as Elaeodendron, Crocoxylon, Lauridia, Mystroxylon and Cassine s. str. A comparative anatomical study was made of mature wood representing 17 southern African species of Cassine s.l., Pleurostylia and the three monotypic genera, Allocassine, Hartogiella and Maurocenia (all members of the subfamily Cassinoideae). The wood structure is described with emphasis on the taxonomic value of quantitative and qualitative characters. Various features were found to be diagnostic at supraspecific level. The presence or absence of scalariform perforation plates, septate fibres, various ray types, and additional quantitative characters could be useful for taxonomic application, especially for generic delimitation. Three principal wood types, of which one encompasses three subtypes, are recognised among the species examined. Wood anatomical evidence tells against a wide generic concept for Cassine, and favours the recognition of segregate genera.

Bark Structure and Intergeneric Relationships of Some Southern African Cassinoideae (Celastraceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Archer ◽  
Abraham E. van Wyk
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Wide Sense ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
African Species ◽  
Bark Anatomy ◽  
Bark Structure

At present Cassine in southern Africa is treated in a wide sense (s.l.), including amongst others Allocassine p. p., Cassines. str., Crocoxylon, Elaeodendron, Lauridia, and Mystroxylon. A comparative anatomical study was made of mature bark representing 16 southern African species of Cassine s.l., and the monotypic Allocassine, Hartogiella and Maurocenia (all members of the subfamily Cassinoideae). Six bark types are distinguished on the basis of the type of sclerenchymatous elements in the secondary phloem; presence or absence of styloid crystals, e1astic threads, and sclerified phelloderm; stratified homogeneous phellem; and degree of rhytidome development. These correlate to a considerable extent with the generic subdivision of Cassine s.l. proposed by Loesener (1942) and Robson (1965). On the basis of bark anatomy and other evidence, it is proposed that the circumscription of Cassine be restricted to include only the southern African species C. peragua and C. parvifolia, and possibly Hartogiella. Crocoxylon, Elaeodendron, Lauridia and Mystroxylon should be reinstated or maintained, although with some modification of the originally defined generic limits.

Structural diversity of the wood of temperate species of Acacia s.s. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Whinder ◽  
Kerri L. Clarke ◽  
Nigel W. M. Warwick ◽  
Peter E. Gasson
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Consistent Difference ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Great Utility ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Perforation Plates

Acacia s.s. comprises approximately 1020 species (i.e. just under one-third of all mimosoid legumes) and is almost entirely restricted to, although widespread, on the Australian continent. We investigated variation in the wood anatomy of 12 species from temperate New South Wales in a study concentrating on four recognised taxonomic sections (Botrycephalae, Juliflorae, Phyllodineae and Plurinerves), to elucidate which characteristics are consistent within the sections, having removed climatic effect as much as possible. The sections had great utility in species identification, whereas none of the wood characters reflected the hypothesised phylogeny of the genus. The main consistent difference among species was in ray width (uniseriate versus 1–3 cells wide). All species had distinct growth rings. The vessels had alternate vestured pitting and simple perforation plates. Fibres were generally thick-walled, and many fibres had a gelatinous inner wall (tension wood fibres) and were inconsistently distributed. Axial parenchyma was mainly paratracheal, ranging from vasicentric to confluent and varied greatly in abundance. Prismatic crystals were usually present in chambered fibres and axial parenchyma strands, and also varied in abundance. The variation in these qualitative characters obscures taxonomic differences, but may allow inferences to be made about environmental adaptation.

Comparaison de quelques Loganiacées à l'aide des caractères quantitatifs et qualitatifs de l'anatomie du bois

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 872-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joëlle Coulaud
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Family ◽  
Qualitative Characters

Seventy-three samples of wood, belonging to 11 genera of Loganiaceae and 2 genera of Rubiaceae are described. Fourteen quantitative characters are first studied by a discriminant multivariate analysis, and then all the characters are examined. The characters of wood anatomy show the unity as well as the subdivisions of the family Loganiaceae. The two genera Antonia and Bonyunia belong to an homogenous and individualized group. Potalia, Anthocleista, and Fagraea are also related and are opposite to Strychnos. Neuburgia is not near Strychnos, though it belongs to the same tribe. A new relation is discovered between Nuxia and Geniostoma, and the special feature of Buddlejeae (Nuxia, Buddleja) does not come into sight; these genera are also related to Strychnos and Peltanthera. The genera Gaertnera and Genipa can scarcely be distinguished from the family by a few qualitative characters. The necessity of standardization in the observations, in order to integrate wood characters in systematic studies, is noted.

Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of some Cretaceous ammonoids

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 876-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazushige Tanabe ◽  
Neil H. Landman ◽  
Yuki Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Large Samples ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
The U.S

Intra- and interspecific variation in the early internal shell features of ammonoids has been examined in 14 Late Cretaceous species representing four suborders on the basis of large samples from Hokkaido (Japan) and the U.S. Western Interior Province. Our observations indicate that quantitative characters such as the size of the initial chamber and ammonitella, the length of the prosiphon, and the ammonitella angle exhibit moderate variation within species. The ranges of variation partly overlap among species, indicating that these characters are not suitable for studies of the higher-level systematics of ammonoids, but may sometimes help diagnose species. In contrast, there is much less variation within species with respect to qualitative characters such as the shape of the prosiphon, the presence or absence of accessory threads of the prosiphon, the shape of the caecum, and the initial position of the siphuncle. Examination of these characters shows that they appear to be stable at the superfamily level for the Ammonitina, but variable among species in the Lytoceratina. Thus, these characters are potentially more useful for higher-level phylogenetic analysis.

Wood Anatomy of Lithraea Ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Martijena
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Diffuse Porous

A description of the wood structure of Lithraea ternifolia (Gill.) Barkley ' Rom. (Anacardiaceae) is given. It is diffuse-porous, with pores solitary, in multiples, clusters and in chains, and small vessels with simple perforation plates. The rays are uni- and multiseriate, heterogeneous. It has paratracheal axial parenchyma and libriform fibres. Disjunctive cells and crystalliferous strands are present. The hydraulic tissue seems weil adapted to prolonged dry periods. One growth ring is generally formed each year. Moreover, other types of growth layers are delineated: intra-annual, lens-, half-Iens-, and arcshaped.

scholarly journals Pewarisan Karakter Kualitatif dan Kuantitatif pada Hipokotil dan Kotiledon Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Silangan IPB T64 x IPB T3

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlina Mustafa ◽  
Muhamad Syukur ◽  
Surjono Hadi Sutjahjo ◽  
Sobir .
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
High Level ◽  
Epistasis Effect

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Hypocotyl and cotyledon are potentially used as effective morphological markers since they can be detected earlier. Information on inheritance of tomato hypocotyl and cotyledon was not available. The aims of this research was to study the inheritance of qualitative and quantitative characters of tomato hypocotyl and cotyledon. This research used six population, P1 green hypocotyl (IPB T64), P2 purple hypocotyl (IPB T3), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, and F2. Analysis of qualitative characters used Mendelian and gene action of quantitative characters used joint scaling test. The results of Mendelian indicated that the character of hypocotyl color was controlled by two genes of dominant-recessive epistasis. The gene controlling purple color was dominant to the green color gene. Based on the F2 distribution test, hypocotyl length, cotyledon length and width were controlled by polygenes. There was no influence of maternal effect. The results of the joint scaling test showed gene action of hypocotyl length was controlled by additive gene with influence of additive-dominant epistasis. Length and width of the cotyledon were controlled by additive gene and influence of duplicate epistasis effect. All characters had high level of broad sense heritability and medium level of narrow sense heritability.<br />Keywords: cotyledone, gene action, heritability, hypocotyle, morphology marker.</p><p>ABSTRAK<br />Hipokotil dan kotiledon berpotensi untuk dijadikan sebagai marka morfologi yang efektif karena dapat dideteksi lebih dini. Informasi pola pewarisan karakter hipokotil dan kotiledon tomat belum banyak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola pewarisan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif dari hipokotil dan kotiledon tomat sebagai marka morfologi pada tahap awal pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam set populasi yaitu P1 hipokotil hijau (IPB T64), P2 hipokoti ungu (IPB T3), F1, F1R, BCP1, BCP2, dan F2. Karakter kualitatif menggunakan analisis Mendel dan pendugaan aksi gen karakter kuantitatif menggunakan analisis skala gabungan. Hasil analisis Mendel menunjukkan bahwa karakter warna hipokotil dikendalikan oleh dua pasang gen epistasis dominan-resesif. Gen pengendali warna ungu bersifat dominan terhadap warna hijau pada hipokotil tomat. Panjang hipokotil, panjang dan lebar kotiledon dikendalikan oleh banyak gen dan tidak ada pengaruh tetua betina berdasarkan uji sebaran populai F2. Hasil analisis skala gabungan menunjukkan bahwa aksi gen karakter panjang hipokotil dikendalikan oleh gen aditif dengan pengaruh epistasis aditif dominan, panjang dan lebar kotiledon dikendalikan oleh gen dominan dengan pengaruh epistasis duplikat. Semua karakter yang diamati memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas dalam tingkatan yang tinggi, sedangkan heritabilitas arti sempit dalam tingkatan yang sedang.<br />Kata kunci: aksi gen, heritabilitas, hipikotil, kotiledon, marka morfologi.</p>

scholarly journals Keragaman Genetik Beberapa Genotipe Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) Berdaya Hasil Tinggi Berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi, Agronomi, dan Isozim

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswari S Dewi ◽  
Yusie Arisanti ◽  
Bambang S. Purwoko ◽  
Hariyadi Hariyadi ◽  
M. Syukur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

<p>The interest in using Jatropha curcas L. from the<br />family Euphorbiaceae for the production of biofuel is rapidly<br />growing. The research objective was to determine genetic<br />variation of several high yielding physic nuts based on their<br />morphology, agronomy, and isozyme characters. The<br />research used Completely Randomized Design with three<br />replications. The treatment was consisted of 8 genotypes i.e.<br />IP-1A, IP-1M, IP-2P, Lombok Timur, Lombok Tengah,<br />Lombok Barat, Sumbawa, and Bima. Analysis of isozyme of<br />the eight genotypes was also conducted according to 5<br />enzyme systems, i.e. peroksidase, esterase, aspartat<br />aminotransferase, malat dehidrogenase, and alcohol<br />dehidrogenase. Observation was done on qualitative and<br />quantitative characters as well as banding pattern derivedisozymes.<br />The results showed that genetic variation was low<br />when based on qualitative characters and isozyme (0-25%)<br />but relatively high when based on selected quantitative<br />characters analysis (17-81%). Analysis of combined<br />qualitative, quantitative, and isozyme characters still gave<br />low genetic variation (6-33%). Based on the quantitative<br />characters at similarity coefficient of 46% the genotypes can<br />be devided into three clusters. Improved population<br />genotypes, i.e. IP-1A, IP-1M, and IP-2P were placed in 3<br />different clusters, while other genotypes from NTB area<br />were grouped in the same cluster. Therefore, selection<br />among population of the same ecotype based on agronomic<br />characters such as yield components, yield and oil content<br />was suitable in Jatropha improvement, especially when<br />genetic variation was low. Furthermore, introduction,<br />mutation and crossing are suggested to increase genetic<br />variation of current Jatropha collection.</p>

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI TANAMAN ENAU DI KENAGARIAN SUNGAI NANIANG

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisia Wulantika
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Entire Plant ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Oval Shape ◽  
Number Of Seeds

ABSTRACT Enau plant (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a type of palma plant that the entire plant can be utilized and potential to be developed. Sungai Naniang is the highest sugar producer in Bukik Barisan Sub-District, with an area of 20 ha. This research aims to find out the morphological characteristics of germplasm enau in Kenagarian Sungai Naniang.This research has been carried out in May to June 2018 with purposive sampling method. The results of the study found 4 variations of the stem color of the entire accession namely dark brown, light brown, grayish brown and grayish brown. The leaves of the enau plant are complete and compound leaves.Based on observations that have been made, there are not many variations in qualitative characters, otherwise many variations are found in quantitative characters. on the entire accession is black with a rough surface. Male flowers are like bullets, they sit in pairs and are purple. Round Female Flower, stand alone, green. Seeds are round in oval shape The number of seeds 3 per fruit and white. Keywords : Enau, Characterization, Morphology, Plant Breeding ABSTRAK Tanaman enau (Arenga pinnata Merr) adalah salah satu jenis tumbuhan palma yang Keseluruhan bagian tanamannya dapat dimanfaatkan dan potensial untuk dikembangkan. Kenagarian Sungai Naniang merupakan penghasil gula enau tertinggi di Kecamatan Bukik Barisan, dengan luasan mencapai 20 Ha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi plasma nutfah enau di Kenagarian Sungai Naniang.Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan  pada bulan Mei sampai Juni 2018 dengan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 4 variasi warna batang dari keseluruhan aksesi yaitu  berwarna cokelat gelap, cokelat terang, coklat keabu-abuan dan abu-abu.Daun tanaman enau merupakan daun lengkap dan majemuk.Berdasarkan pengamatan yang telah dilakukan, tidak banyak ditemukan variasi  pada  karakter  kualitatif,  sebaliknya  banyak  ditemukan  variasi  pada karakter kuantitatif. ijuk  pada  keseluruhan  aksesi  berwarna  hitam  dengan permukaan yang kasar. Bunga Jantan       Seperti peluru, duduknya berpasangan dan berwarna ungu. Bunga Betina           Bulat, berdiri sendiri, berwarna hijau. Biji  berbentuk  bulat  lonjong Jumlah biji 3 perbuah dan berwarna putih.Kata Kunci : Enau, Karakterisasi, Morfologi, Pemuliaan Tanaman

Studies in the Ericoideae (Ericaceae). XIV. Notes on the genus Erica

Bothalia ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
E. G. H. Oliver ◽  
Inge M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
African Species ◽  
Generic Delimitation

Recent investigations of all the recorded southern African species of Erica have been undertaken to establish the characters of importance in generic delimitation in the subfamily Ericoideae. As a result several anomalies have been found in the circumscription and identification of certain species and in the nomenclature of others. The corrections and alterations are published here.

Xylem Structure and Cambial Activity in Prosopis Flexuosa DC.

IAWA Journal ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Villalba
Keyword(s):  
Cambial Activity ◽  
Wood Structure ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Xylem Structure ◽  
Prosopis Flexuosa ◽  
Vessel Walls ◽  
Perforation Plates

A description of the wood structure of Prosopis flexuosa DC. (Legum.) is given. It is semiring-porous, shows pores solitary, in multiples and in clusters; small to large-sized vessels with simple perforation plates, and thick vessel walls. Rays multiseriate and homogeneous. Paratracheal axial parenchyma and libriform fibres. The hydraulic tissue seems well adapted to very low rainfall and prolonged dry periods.

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